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The Gravettian and Epigravettian lithic assemblages from Kraków-Spadzista B+B 1: dynamic approach to the technology

Wilczyński J.

Folia Quaternaria

2007

nr 77

37-96

Lithic assemblages from two main occupational phases of the Kraków-Spadzista B+B 1 are discussed in this paper, including assemblages from the Gravettian layer 6 and the Epigravettian layer 5. Assemblages from layer 6 represent a number of consecutive occupational episodes, subsequently reworked by solifluction. Consequently, the two main activities: butchering and production of lithic tools are mixed up in the cantent of layer 6. Limited number of refits from this layer confirms the horizontal and vertical displacement of the whole lithic and bone material, making impossible the reconstruction of particular occupational and functional episodes. During the formation of layer 5, the site was not functionally related to mammoth hunting and butchering, but focused on exploitation and processing of local flint. Numerous technological refits indicate that the on-site lithic production included not only blades, but also pre-cores and cores.

Functional analysis of burins

Stefański D.

Folia Quaternaria

2007

nr 77

97-116

Traseological analysis has been performed on 225 burin points (in technological sense) on 181 artefacts from the Upper Palaeolithic site Kraków-Spadzista, sectors B+B 1, in three chronological horizons: Aurignacian (layer 7), Gravettian (layer 6), and Epigravettian (layer 5). The percentage of functionally undefined tools is up to 30% in all horizons. Most frequently, burin blows shaped the edge of tools used as scrapers, relatively often they shaped the edge of tools functioning as burins; the function of perforators and knives were less important. Only the Gravettian horizon is characterised by a larger number of tools functioning as knives; this indicates clearly that the main activity during the Gravettian occupation was butchering. Some specimens used as a projectile points are characterised by impact fractures.