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Określenie stanu gleby na terenie stacji dystrybucji paliw dla jej potencjalnej remediacji

Kamiński A., Pusz A., Drewniak Ł.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 3

410--415

PL

Dokonano oceny stanu fizyczno-chemicznego środowiska gruntowego na terenie obiektu dystrybucji docelowej paliw w aspekcie potencjalnej remediacji badanego terenu. Oznaczono wybrane właściwości fizyczne i chemiczne gleb, w tym zawartość lotnych węglowodorów aromatycznych (BTEX), sumy węglowodorów C6–C12 i C12–C35 oraz wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA). Dodatkowo oznaczono liczebność bakterii heterotroficznych oraz aktywność naturalnej mikroflory. Stwierdzono, że głównym typem zanieczyszczeń środowiska gruntowego na badanym terenie są benzyny i oleje, jak również BTEX oraz naftalen. Uzyskane wyniki świadczą o wysokim potencjale biodegradacyjnym naturalnej mikroflory, a w kontekście przeprowadzonych analiz chemicznych wskazują na możliwość skutecznej bioremediacji poprzez biostymulację autochtonicznej mikroflory.

EN

C6–C12 and C12–C35 hydrocarbon fractions and aromatic hydrocarbons were sep. extd. from soil samples with MeOH, hexane and CH2Cl2, resp. Then exts. were analyzed by gas chromatog. coupled to a mass spectrometer, and the obtained results were compared with the permissible concn. of pollutants in the soil. In addn., the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria after incubation (room temp., time 72 h) and microflora activity (dehydrogenase, lipase, cellulase) were estd. for soil samples. For most of them, the contents of both hydrocarbon fractions as well as alkylbenzenes and naphthalene were above the permissible values while abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and microflora activity was slightly below for soil values without contaminations of petroleum products.

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Оценка механического воздействия почвообрабатывающих машин и орудий по изменению энергетического состояния почвенной влаги

Alekseev V. V., Maksimov I. I., Kamiński J. R., Kogut Z.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2016

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R. 24, nr 4

29--39

EN

A method was developed to estimate mechanical impact of soil tilling machines by variations in energy state of soil moisture. The method makes use of thermodynamics laws. Integral parameters of compaction and aeration are obtained, which are defined as the ratio of variation of specific volumetric free energy of soil moisture before and after tilling to its initial value. Physical and mechanical properties of soil, such as hardness, plasticity, etc., depend, for each particular soil, on the amount of moisture in it. When compacting or aerating the soil, we, in terms of thermodynamics, extend work on changing the bond energy between mobile soil aggregates. The difference in bond energy before and after soil tilling shows the quantity of work delivered. This work characterizes a soil tilling implement when considering the process from power standpoint. The designed set of programs allows to map the fields in isoline values of free energy with the aim of natural resource conservation. The paper presents equations to calculate basic hydro-physical characteristics of soil and an integral parameter for estimation of implements by its variation. The results of the comparative studies have shown that in all areas the most effective is the unit T-25N + the experimental plow is the most effective, experimental harrows was a frontal needle harrow in all fields, among serial aggregates the most effective was the aggregate DT-75N + BZTS-1.0 , unit MTZ-82 + 1.0 KZK-kneaded soil and aggregate DT-75N + HCC-3.6 rolled without compacting.

PL

Opracowano metodę oceny mechanicznego oddziaływania narzędzi uprawowych na zmiany stanu energetycznego wody glebowej. Metodę oparto na zasadach termodynamiki. Opracowano całościowe wskaźniki zagęszczenia i spulchnienia, określające stosunki zmian jednostkowej, objętościowej, swobodnej energii Gibbsa wody glebowej do uprawy i po uprawie do jej wartości początkowej. Fizyczno-mechaniczne właściwości gleby, takie jak: zwięzłość, plastyczność itp., zależą od rodzaju gleby i jej wilgotności. Podczas spulchnienia lub zagęszczania gleby, w aspekcie termodynamicznym, wykonuje się pracę, którą zużywa się na zmianę energii wiązania między ruchomymi elementami glebowymi. Różnica energii wiązania po uprawie i przed uprawą przedstawia wartość pracy wykonanej na układzie. Praca ta charakteryzuje narzędzie uprawowe w analizie energetycznej procesu. Opracowany kompleksowy program umożliwia sporządzanie mapy modeli z izoliniami swobodnej energii w celu racjonalnego wykorzystania zasobów naturalnych. W pracy zamieszczono równania opisujące podstawową hydrofizyczną charakterystykę gleby i służące do obliczania sumarycznego parametru oceny narzędzia i jego zmian. Rezultaty przeprowadzonych badań porównawczych wykazały, że na wszystkich polach najbardziej efektywny jest agregat T-25N + eksperymentalny pług, z eksperymentalnych bron najbardziej efektywna na wszystkich polach była frontalna brona igłowa, z seryjnych agregatów najbardziej efektywny był agregat DT-75N + BZTS-1,0, agregat MTZ-82 + KZK-1,0 ugniatał glebę, a agregat DT-75N + RWK-3,6 wałował bez ugniatania.

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Atmospheric Deposition Effects on Agricultural Soil Acidification State — Key Study : Krupanj Municipality

Čakmak D., Beloica J., Perović V., Kadović R., Mrvić V., Knežević J., Belanović S.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 2

137--148

EN

Acidification, as a form of soil degradation is a process that leads to permanent reduction in the quality of soil as the most important natural resource. The process of soil acidification, which in the first place implies a reduction in soil pH, can be caused by natural processes, but also considerably accelerated by the anthropogenic influence of excessive S and N emissions, uncontrolled deforestation, and intensive agricultural processes. Critical loads, i.e. the upper limit of harmful depositions (primarily of S and N) which will not cause damages to the ecosystem, were determined in Europe under the auspices of the Executive Committee of the CLRTAP in 1980. These values represent the basic indicators of ecosystem stability to the process of acidification. This paper defines the status of acidification for the period up to 2100 in relation to the long term critical and target loading of soil with S and N on the territory of Krupanj municipality by applying the VSD model. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) geostatistic module was used as the interpolation method. Land management, particularly in areas susceptible to acidification, needs to be focused on well-balanced agriculture and use of crops/seedlings to achieve the optimum land use and sustainable productivity for the projected 100-year period.

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The morphological variability of Convallaria majalis L. in natural and cultivated populations in three regions of Poland

Kosiński I., Galera H., Chwedorzewska K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 3

473-482

EN

Introducing indigenous plants into cultivation and breeding programs in order to obtain new taxa can create the undesirable effects and pose a real threat to natural populations. The main problem of our study was to assess whether the phenotypic characters might allow distinguishing cultivated Convallaria majalis from plants occurring in natural habitats. The range of phenotype variability of Convallaria majalis L. shoots from forests and gardens growing in different edaphic factors was studied in 2005-2006 in north (Gdańsk), central (Warsaw) and south (Cracow) regions of Poland. Ten or eleven forest locations and the same number of garden locations were designated in each region. The soil at the forest sites was poorer in phosphorus and calcium and more acidic than at the garden sites from which the cultivated plants were obtained. Thirty flowering shoots were collected from each study site. The numbers as well as size of flowers, size of racemes and leaves were investigated. The following hypotheses were formulated: (a) due to conscious and unconscious selection, cultivated plants should have more numerous and larger flowers and a longer inflorescence (these characters are most significant for the ornamental appearance of the plant) than plants growing in forests; (b) cultivated plants exhibit less phenotype variability than do natural populations. The forest plants from all the three regions together had, in comparison with garden plants, significantly shorter racemes with fewer flowers, a narrower and shorter perianth, and a longer lower leaf with a narrower and longer leaf blade. In the forest plants raceme length exhibited the highest variability while the lowest was noted in perianth length. More morphological differences were noted between the forest and garden plants than among those from the three different regions. The results obtained indicate that the level of variability in the studied characters was similar in forest and cultivated plants. A high level of variability in some morphological characters of lily of the valley probably stems from the high phenotype plasticity of this plant and the diversified biotope conditions in which it occurs. The significant differences between forest and garden plants could have been related to differences in habitat conditions.