Salvinia natans L. is a known bioaccumulator of metal ions from the aquatic environment. Exposure of plants to prolonged impact of toxins along with a large dose of the metal affects the physiological condition of the plants. The changes occurring in the plants in the phytoremediation process in contaminated medium culture of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu/dm3 show two basic physiological parameters: the assimilation pigment content (chlorophyll a and b) responsible for the production of energy in the process of photosynthesis, and the total protein level as the main constituent of the plant. Conducted studies confirmed a negative effect of high concentrations of copper(II) on Salvinia natans L. plants which in these conditions are capable to bioaccumulate metal from each contaminated culture medium.
The study purpose was to evaluate changes of Y. Lipolytica cell size during continuous citric acid (CA) biosynthesis in a membrane bioreactor. Strains of Y. lipolytica varied in terms of a CA production rate and cell size. The highest steady-state concentration of CA (80 gdm-3) was achieved in the culture with AWG-7 strain characterized by the smallest cell size (ca. 30 &mum3)and narrowest cell dimension.
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