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EN
The positivity of time-varying continuous-time linear systems and electrical circuits are addressed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity of the systems and electrical circuits are established. It is shown that there exists a large class of positive electrical circuits with time-varying parameters. Examples of positive electrical circuits are presented.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań niejednorodności rozkładu temperatury oraz wilgotności względnej powietrza wewnątrz przestrzeni roboczych dwóch komór klimatycznych. Dla oceny jakości regulacji układu sterującego doświadczalnie wyznaczono charakterystyki odpowiedzi układu na wymuszenie zmian temperatury oraz wilgotności w czasie oraz zbadano stabilizację parametrów w czasie.
EN
The paper presents the results of inhomogeneity of the temperature distribution and relative humidity inside the working space of two climate chambers. From the perspective of the calibration, the knowledge of the distribution of these parameters is critical for the value of the calibration uncertainty. The deviations of the parameter values in the separate tested areas from the value of the central point of the working space of the chamber parameter were determined. The made measurements confirmed the presence of non-uniform distributions of temperature and humidity inside the working space of the chambers. For the assessment of the quality of the control system, the knowledge of the dynamics of the changes in parameters is crucial. For this reason, the response characteristics of the system to the forcing of changes in temperature and humidity in time were experimentally specified. The temperature and humidity stabilization values were set for 25 ºC and for 50 %RH. The performed tests provided information about the areas of occurrence of the factors influencing the inaccuracy of the final result of the measurement inside the working space of the climatic chambers. The set values will allow assessing the quality of the measurement results obtained in the process of calibration through estimating the uncertainty of the measurement.
3
Content available remote Badania ściskanych podłużnie powłok walcowych z podporami odcinkowymi
EN
Cylindrical shells supported discretely (e.g. silos skins) might be longitudinally, unaxially compressed. In the case of 3-4 discrete supports and large eccentricity of the load, the appearance of local meridional compression is possible, accompanied with local buckling over one support only. The laboratory test results upon the local stability of silo shells under longitudinal compression in the area of a single discrete support have been presented.The test have been continued for the rest of supports in the same shell. It has shown that for the number of supports n = 3,4, the critical reaction from a single support does not depend on whether the meridional compression load is applied to one support or to all of them simultaneously.
4
Content available remote Practical stability of positive fractional discrete-time linear systems
EN
A new concept (notion) of the practical stability of positive fractional discrete-time linear systems is introduced. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the practical stability of the positive fractional systems are established. It is shown that the positive fractional systems are practically unstable if corresponding standard positive fractional systems are asymptotically unstable.
EN
In the paper a study of high angle of attack dynamics of an advanced trainer aircraft is presented. This dynamics is non-linear, therefore the theory of dynamical system (TDS) approach can be useful in the analysis. The equations of motion used in this investigation assume a rigid aircraft with movable control surfaces. Aerodynamic forces and moments found in equations of motion are valid for a region of higher angles of attack including deep stall phenomena. Results obtained from the TDS are used to predict the nature of the instabilities caused by the bifurcations and the response of the aircraft after a bifurcation is studied. Based data for the MiG29 fighter aircraft are used.
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