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Rozwój poglądów dotyczących procesu mielenia papierniczych mas włóknistych. Cz. I. Rozwój konstrukcji i funkcjonowania urządzeń oraz układów mielenia papierniczych mas włóknistych

Przybysz P., Przybysz K.

Przegląd Papierniczy

2013

R. 69, nr 6

383--389

Up to 19th century, paper was made from textile fibres (cotton, flax, hemp) obtained from rags. For processing those materials into papermaking pulp a special technology was developed. The technology was based on mechanical beating and defibering of rags in water in hollanders. In 19th century, strong and long textile fibres were replaced by short and fine wood fibres (grounwood, cellulose pulp). Despite the fact that new types of refining equipment (conical and disk refiners) were introduced in 20th, basic refining rules remained unchanged. According to the authors, the fact that existing refiners are not adjusted to properties of currently used pulp grades is a reason for extremely low energy efficiency of refining, not exceeding 30%. As a result, specific energy consumption in pulp refining process is in the region of 100-500 kWh/t representing around 40% of total electric energy consumption in a paper mill (22). The article shows that it is necessary to change operation principles of refiners to adapt them to processing of primary and secondary fibres. Attempts to replace conventional refining by other methods of fibre treatment (ultrasound, enzymes, low temperature treatment, steam explosion, pressure fluctuation, cavitation, etc.) have not brought any significant progress in this area.