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Tree ring analysis as an indicator of environmental changes caused by tourist trampling — A potential method for the assessment of the impact of tourists

Ciapała S., Adamski P., Zielonka T.

Geochronometria

2014

Vol. 41, no. 4

392--399

This paper shows that tree-ring trends might be used for the assessment of the intensity of trampling along touristic tracks in the forests. The study aims at determining the effects of trampling, on the dynamics of annual increments in trees subject to pressure from hiking tourism. The studies were conducted at a spruce stand in the Tatra Mts., on sections of different trails. Within each trail, four transects were determined. Transects include the zones with damage from trampling and the un-affected areas, treated as a reference zones. Selected trees growing in both zones were sampled by coring and the core samples were used to develop sequences of annual increment widths. Next, the dynamics of increments in trees growing in the tourist zone and the reference zone were compared. The decrease in the annual increments was significantly more rapid in trees growing directly along the trail that those in trees deep in the forest stand in one locality. This finding may testify the adverse effects of hiking along tourist routes on the radial increments in trees in the neighbourhood of the trails. The results of the study indicate that the impact of trampling in the form of soil compaction and mechanical damage to root systems of trees may, to some extent, be compensated by better light access and lessened competition experienced by trees growing along the edges of hiking trails. Tree-ring analyses might be an efficient alternative for assessment of tourism intensity conducted by the other methods.

Uszkodzenie drzewostanu świerkowego w Parku Nardowym Gór Stołowych przez jelenia europejskiego (cervus elaphus L.)

Benedyktowicz-Bek A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska

2003

z. 77

7-14

Celem pracy jest ocena wpływu szkód wyrządzanych przez jelenia europejskiego na rozwój i kondycję zdrowotną drzewostanów świerkowych. W celu wykazania ewentualnych różnic pomiędzy pierśnicą drzew spałowanych i niespałowanych oraz zależności pomiędzy wiekiem drzewostanu a udziałem drzew spałowanych w drzewostanie zastosowano jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji uzupełnioną testem t. Wykazano, że pierśnica drzew spałowanych jest mniejsza od drzew nieuszkodzonych. Wiek drzewostanu ma wpływ na liczbę drzew spałowanych w drzewostanie. Im starszy drzewostan, tym mniejsza liczba drzew uszkodzonych przez jelenie.

The National Park of Stolowe Mountain faces the gradual extinction of its spruce population. Many external factors: biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic, hinder the development of the spruce trees. Particularly, researchers have found that red deer interfere with the normal growth of the trees. From a sample of 1140 trees about 57% were damaged by deer (tapping), relative found to be to the undemaged trees, 13 % less breast height was observed in the damaged trees. Additionally, the damaged trees were less resistant to other environmental factors, such as wind, wet snow, insects and mushrooms.