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PL
W pracy zaprezentowano system transmisji danych z hybrydowym poszerzaniem widma, zaprojektowany z myślą o przesyłaniu informacji telemetrycznych na znaczne odległości. Wykorzystuje on modulację z kluczowaniem fazy sekwencji rozpraszającej, która wykazuje wysoką odporność na różnego rodzaju sygnały zakłócające, pozwala na prostą realizacje wielodostępu i nieskomplikowaną synchronizację.
EN
In this paper a novel hybrid spread spectrum transmission system designed for transmitting telemetric data from remote sites is presented. The system is based on Spreading-Code-Phase-Shift-Keying modulation and shows excellent immunity to narrowband and wideband interference. The implementation of synchronization subsystem and multiple access is also straightforward.
EN
LED driver has the potential to interfere the system of electronic devices if the voltage and current change rapidly. Several previous studies presented various solutions to overcome this problem such as particular converter design, component design, electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters, and spread-spectrum techniques. Compared to other solutions, the spread-spectrum technique is the most potential way to reduce the EMI in LED applications due to its limited cost-size-weight. In this paper, the effectiveness of conducted EMI suppression performance and the evaluation of its effect on LED luminance using spread-spectrum techniques are investigated. Spread-spectrum is applied to the system by modifying the switching frequency by providing disturbances at pin IADJ. The disorder is given in the form of four signals, namely square, filtered-square, triangular, and sine disturbance signals. The highest level of the EMI suppression of about 31.89% is achieved when the LED driver is given 800 mVpp filtered-square waveform. The highest reduction power level occurs at fundamental frequency reference, when it is given 700 mVpp square disruption signal, is about 81.77% reduction. The LED luminance level will reduce by 85.2% when it is given the four waveforms disruption signals. These reductions occur as the switching frequency of the LED driver does not work on a fixed frequency, but it varies in certain bands. LED brightness level has a tendency to generate a constant value of 235 lux when it is given the disruption signals. This disturbance signal causes the dimming function on the system that does not work properly.
EN
The underwater telephone HTL-10 has been designed to provide voice and data communication between helicopter and submarines using acoustic waves. It works in a halfduplex mode and uses analogue power-efficient modulation in the form of a single side-band, suppressed carrier, in a wide range of frequencies. It generates the transmitted signal, and processes the received signals. It is implemented with the use of digital signal processing techniques. Although it was designed several years ago, the flexible structure of the underwater telephone ensures a convenient platform for the implementation of various types of communication, as well as testing. This ability is due to the particular characteristics of the digital signal-processing module, which was designed by the author, both in hardware and software. The main elements of the module consist of the fixed-point signal processor, and the floating-point high performance digital signal processor. The article demonstrates the ability to adapt HTL-10 to implement digital communication in shallow waters, with a robust low data rate spread spectrum approach.
EN
Velocity is one of the main navigation parameters of moving objects. However some systems of position estimation using radio wave measurements cannot provide velocity data due to limitation of their performance. In this paper a velocity measurement method for the DS-CDMA radio navigation system is proposed, which does not require full synchronization of reference stations carrier frequencies. The article presents basics of FDOA (frequency difference of arrival) velocity measurements together with application of this method to an experimental radio navigation system called AEGIR and with some suggestions about the possibility to implement such FDOA measurements in other kinds of asynchronous DS-CDMA radio networks. The main part of this paper present results of performance evaluation of the proposed method, based on laboratory measurements.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono techniki sterowania impulsowymi przekształtnikami energii ze zmienną częstotliwością przełączania, pozwalające na zmniejszenie amplitud składowych widma częstotliwościowego generowanych zaburzeń elektromagnetycznych. Zaprezentowano wyniki uzyskane w układzie przetwornicy obniżającej napięcie z użyciem metody modulacji częstotliwości.
EN
In this work, control techniques of switched mode power converters involving variable switching frequency have been described that enable reducing component amplitudes of the frequency spectrum of electromagnetic disturbance generated. Results obtained in a buck converter circuit using the frequency modulation method have been presented.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono nową koncepcję systemu identyfikacji radiowej RFID (ang. Radio Frequency Identification), w którym po raz pierwszy zastosowano wielodostęp kodowy DS-CDMA z bezpośrednim rozpraszaniem widma. System jest wyposażony w transpondery aktywne i pracuje w nielicencjonowanym paśmie częstotliwości 433 MHz. Dzięki zastosowaniu transmisji DS-CDMA osiągnięto większą odporność systemu na kolizje w kanale radiowym, w porównaniu z klasycznym systemem RFID z transmisją zdefiniowaną w normie ISO 18000-7. Proponowany system cechuje się ponadto większą odpornością na zakłócenia wąskopasmowe, co jest szczególnie cenne w przypadku pracy w zatłoczonych, nielicencjonowanych pasmach częstotliwości. Działanie systemu zostało zbadane teoretycznie i symulacyjnie. Proponowana koncepcja została również sprawdzona eksperymentalnie w warunkach rzeczywistych z wykorzystaniem zaprojektowanego i zrealizowanego prototypu systemu.
EN
A new idea of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system with the Direct-Sequence Code-Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) is presented in the paper. The proposed system employs active, transmitter only tags operating in the 433 MHz frequency band. Because of applying DS-CDMA transmission, the system is more resistant to collisions in the radio channel in comparison with the classical system using transmission defined in the standard ISO 18000-7. Moreover, the proposed system offers greater capacity and higher immunity to narrow band interferences, which is important when using transmission in crowded, unlicensed frequency bands. The performance of the proposed system has been analyzed theoretically and verified via computer simulations. The prototype of the proposed RFID/DS-CDMA system has been also designed, built and examined in practical experiments.
EN
In this paper effectiveness of spread spectrum modulation techniques to the electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression is investigated. Comparative evaluation of spread spectrum methods is reviewed and demonstrated with the aid of function generator and EMI receiver. Obtained results indicate advantageous features of random carrier frequency modulation (CFM), which results in more steady spectral distribution. For a switch mode dc-dc converter, random and periodical sinusoidal CFM is systematically tested. Based on disturbance voltage measurements using Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) and EMI receiver, conducted emission spectra are evaluated in function of the defined randomness index R and frequency range. For the acceptable range of R variations up the 20dB EMI suppression level was reached.
PL
Omówiono radiowe systemy dostępowe trzeciej generacji o handlowej nazwie cdma2000. Podano podstawowe cechy systemu, takie jak możliwości udostępniania usług szerokopasmowych i multimedialnych, pracę w środowisku zarówno sieci przewodowych jak i bezprzewodowych. Dokonano również porównania z systemami cdmaOne.
EN
A third generation the cdma2000 radio access transmission system includes support for multimedia services, global roaming, operation in multiple environments both fixed and mobile, and high-speed data services is described.
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