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Współczesna rola hałd w krajobrazie Metropolii Ruhry

Chmielewska Marta

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

2018

nr 40 (2)

163--186

Hałdy stanowią integralną część krajobrazu kulturowego regionów poprzemysłowych rozwiniętych w oparciu o przemysł ciężki. Ich rola w krajobrazie ulegała jednak ewolucji. Jako formy sztuczne początkowo postrzegane były negatywnie, dopiero po czasie zaczęto doceniać ich walory. Celem artykułu było zbadanie roli jaką współcześnie pełnią hałdy w Metropolii Ruhry (Niemcy). Badania wykazały, że są one nie tylko ostoją zieleni w silnie zurbanizowanym regionie, oraz miejscem codziennej rekreacji jego mieszkańców, ale także dziedzictwem wartym ochrony w formie parków krajobrazowych i tematycznych, czy atrakcją turystyczną o zasięgu ponadregionalnym.

Spoil tips are an integral part of the cultural landscape of post-industrial regions developed on the basis of heavy industry. Their role in the landscape, however, evolved. As artificial forms, they were initially perceived negatively, only after a while they began to appreciate their values. The aim of the paper was to examine the role that spoil tips play currently in the Ruhr Metropolis (Germany). Studies have shown that they are not only a mainstay of greenery in a strongly urbanized region, and a place of everyday recreation of its residents, but also a heritage worthy of protection in the form of landscape and thematic parks, or a tourist attraction of supra-regional scope.

Thermal Digital Terrain Model of a Coal Spoil Tip – A Way of Improving Monitoring and Early Diagnostics of Potential Spontaneous Combustion Areas

Lewińska P., Dyczko A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2016

Vol. 17, nr 4

170--179

Spoil tips are anthropomorphic terrain structures built out of leftover materials from underground or open pit mining. Usually the term spoil tips refers to those build out of unusable particles from coal exploration. As such they consist mostly of slate and various types of sandstone or mudstone. But also include some amount of coal and, what is more important, coal dust. Fires of spoil tips are dangerous to the environment and humans. They can cause degradation of air, and water qualities. Sometimes degradation to the environment can be irreversible. The presented survey was done in two stages. the first included creating a general terrain model. This was done with the use of long range laser scanner. The second step was a more detailed analysis of spatial and temperature conditions. Two measuring seasons ware performed. The first included a survey made with a short range laser scanner and a hand-held inferred camera. The obtained point cloud was supplemented with temperature value with the use of software and hardware provided by the authors. The visualization of 3D discreet thermal model was done in Bentley MicrioStation. The second included a usage of Z+F IMAGER 5010 laser scanner equipped with T-Cam Rev 1.0 thermal camera insole. A new and unique device that connects laser scanner with infrared camera. This season also provide a point cloud with attached temperature value of measured points. This article provides the description of those two methods including a comparison of their effectiveness and costs. It also describes the heat conditions occurring on spoil tip of Lubelski Węgiel „Bogdanka” S.A coal mine surveyed in December 2015.