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1

Dynamic Behaviour of Selective Laser Melted 316L Steel : Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Changes

Białobrzewski Paweł, Sienkiewicz Judyta, Janiszewski Jacek, Kluczyński Janusz

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2023

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Vol. 14, Nr 2 (52)

51--72

EN

316L steel specimens with three different shear zones made by SLM (Selective Laser Melting) were subjected to dynamic tests using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar method. The effect of high-speed deformation on changes in microstructure was analyzed. In addition, the stress-strain relationship was determined from the SHPB results. To visualize the deformation process of the specimens during the tests, a camera with a high frame rate was used. It was shown that as the plastic deformation increases, the hardness of the material increases. Microstructural analysis of dynamically loaded areas revealed numerous defects. Twinning was found to be the main deformation mechanism. Large plastic deformation and many other microstructural changes such as shear bands, cracks and martensite nucleation were also observed.

PL

Próbki ze stali 316L z trzema różnymi strefami ścinania wykonane metodą SLM (Selective Laser Melting) poddano testom dynamicznym wykorzystując do tego metodę dzielonego pręta Hopkinsona (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar). Przeanalizowano wpływ odkształceń o dużej szybkości na zmiany w mikrostrukturze. Ponadto na podstawie wyników badań SHPB wyznaczono zależność naprężenie- odkształcenie. W celu zobrazowania procesu odkształcania próbek podczas badań zastosowano kamerę o dużej częstości klatkowania. Wykazano, że wraz ze wzrostem odkształcenia plastycznego wzrasta twardość materiału. Analiza mikrostrukturalna obszarów obciążonych dynamicznie ujawniła liczne defekty. Stwierdzono, że głównym mechanizmem deformacji jest bliźniakowanie. Zaobserwowano również duże odkształcenia plastyczne i wiele innych zmian mikrostruktury, takich jak pasma ścinania, pęknięcia i zarodkowanie martenzytu.

2

Przegląd metod stosowanych w dynamicznych badaniach materiałów

Jeschke Adam, Panowicz Robert

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2023

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Vol. 72, nr 1

15--35

PL

W pracy przedstawiono podstawowy opis oraz metodykę badań materiałów i konstrukcji uwzględniających wpływ oddziaływania dużej szybkości odkształcenia na parametry wytrzymałościowe. Scharakteryzowano takie metrologie badawcze jak: test Taylora, metoda dzielonego pręta Hopkinsona i test pierścieniowy, pozwalające określić dynamiczne właściwości materiałów.

EN

The paper presents an elemental description and methodology of tests that take into account the effect of high strain rate on materials strength parameters. The article describes such testing methodology as: Taylor test, split Hopkinson pressure bar method, and expanding ring test to determine the dynamic properties of materials.

3

Experimental study on SHPB cyclic impact of rubber-cement composite with different confine modes

Yang Rongzhou, Xu Ying, Chen Peiyuan, Cheng Lin, Ding Jinfu, Fu Hongxin

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 2

517--534

EN

To promote the application of rubber-cement composites as the main bearing structure and key components in practical engineering under frequent dynamic disturbances, in this work, the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) cyclic impact tests of rubber-cement composite specimens with four different confine modes were carried out in which the impact load increased sequentially. The relationship between average strain rate, ultimate strain and impact times and the relationship between peak stress, damage energy, ultimate strain and incident energy were analyzed. The results showed that the appropriate confine reinforcement treatment can make rubber-cement composite give full play to its deformation ability when it was completely damaged. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet and steel cylinder can work together with the rubber-cement composite matrix to resist impact load, which effectively improves the structural strength, damage fracture energy, and cyclic impact resistance of the rubber-cement composite. Finally, based on the effect difference of confine modes, the simplified plane force models of rubber-cement composite specimens with four different confine modes were established, which clearly revealed the completely different impact resistance mechanism of the rubber-cement composites with different constraints under cyclic impact loading.

4

Estimation of ballistic performance of armor steels based on the split Hopkinson shear bar data

Walicki Marek, Janiszewski Jacek, Cieplak Kamil

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2022

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Vol. 60 nr 1

129--140

EN

The paper presents a method of assessing of ballistic resistance of four armor steels based on the results of shear tests under dynamic load conditions. All shear tests were performed using a newly developed flat material specimen with two shear zones. High strain-rate experiments were performed using the spilt Hopkinson pressure bar technique. In addition, the V50 ballistic resistance tests for the armor steels were carried out. The maximum value of the shear strain energy density (SSED) was adopted as the evaluation criterion. The SSED parameter takes the highest average value for the armor steel with the highest ballistic resistance.

5

Preparation of the non-cohesive soil sample and calibration of the pneumatical launcher in the dynamic soil test SHPB

Sobczyk Kamil, Kruszka Leopold, Grązka Michał, Chmielewski Ryszard, Rekucki Ryszard

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2022

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Nr 1

16--27

EN

The paper analyzes the problem of initial compaction of a non-cohesive soil sample on the example of dry silty sand samples. Two different compaction methodologies were used: I) dynamic compaction - using split Hopkinson pressure bar and II) vibration compaction - using a vibrating shaker. A better result of the compaction process was obtained for dynamic compaction with an initial pressure value of 0.5 bar (small difference in the result - both methods obtained comparable results). The paper also includes a numerical analysis of the calibration of the pneumatic launcher in the Matlab environment on the basis of the system of difference equations. The calibration process was carried out in the initial pressure range from 0.5 to 3.0 bar for three different variants of the barprojectile length: 100 mm, 200 mm and 250 mm and compared with the experimental analysis - the results were consistent.

6

On the Strain Rate Sensitivity of Fibre-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete

Pająk Małgorzata, Janiszewski Jacek

Engineering Transactions

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2022

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Vol. 70, iss. 3

203--220

EN

This study investigates the characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) reinforced with recycled fibres and their combination with polypropylene fibres, which can be applied to build protective structures. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) method was used to subject the mixtures to high strain rates in the range from 140 to 200 s−1 , corresponding to impact loads. It was found that the strain rate sensitivity of both types of mixtures was comparable. The failure pattern confirmed the role of fibres in carrying the loads for strain rates below around 100 s−1 .

7

Influence of Filler Surface Modification on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Responses of Rice Husk Reinforced Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Composites

Omar Mohd Firdaus, Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa, Ting Sam Sung, Jeż Bartłomiej, Nabiałek Marcin, Md Akil Hazizan, Zulkepli Nik Noriman, Abd Rahim Shayfull Zamree, Azmi Azida

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 2

507--519

EN

Filler surface modification has become an essential approach to improve the compatibility problem between natural fillers and polymer matrices. However, there is limited work that concerns on this particular effect under dynamic loading conditions. Therefore, in this study, both untreated and treated low linear density polyethylene/rice husk composites were tested under static (0.001 s-1, 0.01 s-1 and 0.1 s-1) and dynamic loading rates (650 s-1, 900 s-1 and 1100 s-1) using universal testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment, respectively. Rice husk filler was modified using silane coupling agents at four different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 7% weight percentage of silane) at room temperature. This surface modification was experimentally proven by Fourier transform infrared and Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results show that strength properties, stiffness properties and yield behaviour of treated composites were higher than untreated composites. Among the treated composites, the 5% silane weight percentage composite shows the optimum mechanical properties. Besides, the rate of sensitivity of both untreated and treated composites also shows great dependency on strain rate sensitivity with increasing strain rate. On the other hand, the thermal activation volume shows contrary trend. For fracture surface analysis, the results show that the treated LLDPE/RH composites experienced less permanent deformation as compared to untreated LLDPE/RH composites. Besides, at dynamic loading, the fracture surface analysis of the treated composites showed good attachment between RH and LLDPE.

8

Experimental study on dynamic stability of rubber-cement composites by SHPB and high-speed slicing

Yang Rongzhou, Xu Ying, Chen Pei Yuan

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 1

319--334

EN

Improper disposal of waste tires will not only bring environmental impact and safety risks but also cause a serious waste of resources. In the field of civil engineering materials, waste tire particles are used as a substitute for non-renewable aggregates to produce flexible rubber-cement composites (RCC). To explore the high-speed slicing stability of RCC, this test took normal cement mortar (NCM) and rubber cement mortar (RCM) as research objects. The SHPB tests with the same impact energy level and the high-speed slicing tests with a slice thickness range of about 1.4 mm ~ 4.4 mm were carried out. The results showed that NCM and RCM showed different stability differences in the process of high-speed slicing. In the case of ensuring the integrity of the slice, the minimum thickness of the slice can be better decreased with the increase of the rubber content. Finally, from the perspectives of split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test results and mesoscopic structure states, the essential reason for ensuring the stability of high-speed slicing lied in the improvement of rubber particles (dominant role) and pores on material deformation and flexible energy dissipation.

9

Structural effects and real strain‑rate effects on compressive strength of sustainable concrete with crumb rubber in split Hopkinson pressure bar tests

Feng Wanhui, Chen Baiyu, Tang Yunchao, Wei Wenbo, He Weiming, Yang Yongmin

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 3

art. no. e136

EN

The dynamic increase factor (DIF) of the concrete material strength, obtained using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), includes structural effects that do not precisely reflect the real strain-rate effect of concrete. To further clarify the real strain-rate effects of rubberised concrete (RC), an experimental investigation regarding the dynamic compressive response of ordinary concrete (NC) and RC with three rubber contents (10%, 20%, and 30%) was performed in this study. Additionally, based on a dynamic constitutive model, i.e., the Karagozian and Case (K&C) concrete model, numerical SHPB tests were conducted using the LS-DYNA software. According to the experimental results, all parameters of the K&C model were discussed, and the damage factors were modified to satisfy the mechanical properties of RC. After validating the numerical model, it was observed that the experimental DIF included the inertial enhancement and the real DIF. Moreover, because rubber particles effectively reduce the density and improve the deformation capacity of concrete, the real strain-rate effect of RC was found to be more rate-sensitive than that of NC by analysing the radial stress distribution. In addition to lateral inertia, another external source, namely, the interface friction between the specimen and bars, which can produce lateral confinement, was further studied. It was found that interface friction significantly contributes to lateral confinement; however, as the strain rate increased, the impact generally decreased. Finally, the mechanism of the strain-rate effect of RC was clarified.

10

Projekt koncepcyjny modernizacji stanowiska dzielonego pręta Hopkinsona

Sarzyńska Katarzyna

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2021

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nr 6

11--15

PL

Celem pracy było opracowanie projektu koncepcyjnego modernizacji stanowiska dzielonego pręta Hopkinsona, który umożliwi prowadzenie badań materiałów inżynierskich w podwyższonych temperaturach. W ramach niniejszej publikacji dokonano analizy istniejącego w Zakładzie Technologii i Eksploatacji Uzbrojenia WAT stanowiska dzielonego pręta Hopkinsona, SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) do badań materiałów w warunkach dynamicznego obciążenia. Następnie sformułowano założenia modernizacji stanowiska oraz opracowano wstępny projekt stanowiska SHPB do badań materiałów w podwyższonych temperaturach. Efektem końcowym pracy jest wirtualny model 3d zmodernizowanego stanowiska SHPB.

EN

The aim of the work was to develop a conceptual design for modernization stand of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) to research engineering materials in high temperatures. First step was to analyze stand, which is located at the Faculty of Mechatronics, Armament and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, for material tests in dynamic loading conditions. Then the assumptions for the modernization stand of SHPB were formulated. A preliminary design of the SHPB stand was developed for testing mate- rials at elevated temperatures. The final effect of this work is 3D model of modernized stand which is able to preparing experiment in dynamic loading conditions in high temperatures.

11

Quasi-Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of a Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Produced Using Unconventional Manufacturing Methods

Sarzyńska Katarzyna J., Paszkowski Robert

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2021

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Vol. 12, Nr 4 (46)

69--82

EN

The purpose of this paper was to determine the mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy produced by traditional CIP (Cold Isostatic Pressing) and by LENS (Laser Engineered Net Shaping), an additive manufacturing process. A reference material, being a commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy, was also tested. The strength test specimens were produced from a high-quality, Grade 5 titanium powder. Each specimen had its density, porosity, and hardness determined. Compression curves were plotted for the tested materials from the strength test results with static and dynamic loads. These tests were performed on an UTS (Universal Testing Machine) and an SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) stand. The test results obtained led to the conclusion that the titanium alloy produced by CIP had lower strength performance parameters than its commercially-sourced counterpart. The LENS-produced specimens outperformed the commercially-sourced alloy both in static and dynamic load conditions.

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy było wyznaczenie właściwości mechanicznych stopu tytanu Ti-6Al-4V wytworzonego metodą klasycznej metalurgii proszków CIP (ang. Cold Isostatic Pressing) oraz przy użyciu przyrostowej technologii wytwarzania LENS (ang. Laser Engineered Net Shaping). Badaniom poddano także komercyjny stop Ti-6Al-4V jako materiał referencyjny. Próbki do badań wytrzymałościowych przygotowano z wysokiej jakości proszku stopu tytanu gatunku 5. Dla wykonanych próbek materiałowych wyznaczono gęstość, porowatość, a także określono twardość. Ponadto, wyznaczono krzywe ściskania dla badanych materiałów na podstawie rezultatów testów wytrzymałościowych w warunkach statycznego i dynamicznego obciążenia. Wykorzystano do tego celu uniwersalną maszynę wytrzymałościową (UTS, ang. Universal Testing Machine) oraz stanowisko dzielonego pręta Hopkinsona (SHPB, ang. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar). Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników badań stwierdzono, iż stop tytanu uzyskany metodą klasycznej metalurgii proszków charakteryzuje się niższymi parametrami wytrzymałościowymi od jego komercyjnego odpowiednika. Próbki wykonane technologią LENS cechują się wyższymi parametrami w porównaniu ze stopem komercyjnym zarówno w statycznych jak również dynamicznych warunkach obciążenia.

12

Experimental investigation of dynamic behavior of silty sand

Chmielewski Ryszard, Kruszka Leopold, Rekucki Ryszard, Sobczyk Kamil

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 67, nr 1

481--498

EN

The paper includes experimental research using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar to determine dynamic compression curves and strength dynamic parameters to depend on the strain rate and moisture for silty sand soil samples. Those experiments are oedometric type based in a rigid confining cylinder. Samples of silty sand with fine a fraction content were taken for the study. To ensure sufficiently uniaxial strain of the tested material, the soil samples were placed in properly prepared casings made of duralumin for the needs of the tests. Thanks to the use of measuring strain gauges on the initiating and transmitting bars, as well as the casing, the nature of the loading pulse was obtained, which was then subjected to the process of filtration and data processing to obtain the nature of the incident, reflected and transmitted wave. During the above dynamic experiments with the representative of silty sand soils, it was observed that its dynamic compaction at a high strain rate is different than in the case of the Proctor test. This is due to higher compaction energy, which additionally changes the grain size by destroying the grains in the structure. The paper presents the results of particle size distribution analysis for two different types of soil samples - this type of analysis is unique. Hence experiments should be further continued for such soils with different granulations and various moisture using, for example, Hopkinson measuring bar technique to confirm for other silty sand soils that are often subgrade of various engineering objects.

PL

Artykuł obejmuje edometryczne badania eksperymentalne z wykorzystaniem techniki pręta Hopkinsona do określenia zarówno dynamicznego zachowania jak i zmian struktury dla próbek wybranego ośrodka gruntowego o różnej wilgotności poddanych oddziaływaniu dynamicznemu. Do badania wzięto piasek pylasty (siSa) o zawartości frakcji drobnych fi+fπ = 20,46%. W celu zapewnienia wystąpienia jednoosiowego stanu odkształcenia badanej próbki gruntu umieszczono ją w odpowiednio przygotowanej duraluminiowej osłonie pierścieniowej. Dzięki zastosowaniu tensometrów pomiarowych na prętach inicjującym oraz transmitującym, jak również osłonie zarejestrowano różne impulsy, które następnie poddano procesowi filtracji i obróbki danych, tak aby otrzymać obrazy propagacji sprężystych fal w prętach pomiarowych i w osłonie. Wykorzystując odpowiednie równania oraz zależności zmodyfikowanej metody Kolsky'ego dla trójwymiarowego stanu naprężenia w badanej próbce określono eksperymentalne zależności charakteryzujące zachowanie się próbek gruntu o różnej wilgotności: naprężenie ϭ(t), odkształcenie ε(t) oraz prędkość odkształcenia έ(t) w funkcji czasu. Na tej podstawie uzyskano krzywe ściskania dynamicznego dla różnej wilgotności próbek gruntu pylastego z określonymi wartościami początkowego dynamicznego edometrycznego modułu oraz lokalnych maksymalnych naprężeń plastycznych i odpowiadających im odkształceń. Podczas powyższych eksperymentów dynamicznych z próbkami gruntów typu piasku pylastego zaobserwowano, że jego dynamiczne zagęszczenie przy dużej szybkości odkształcania jest inne niż w przypadku testu Proctora. Wynika to z większej energii zagęszczania, która dodatkowo powoduje zmianę uziarnienia poprzez niszczenie ziaren w strukturze. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy zmian uziarnienia dla dwóch różnych rodzajów próbek gruntu - tego typu analizy są unikalne. W związku z tym należy kontynuować eksperymenty dla takich gruntów o różnych granulacjach i różnej wilgotności, stosując technikę prętów pomiarowych Hopkinsona, w celu potwierdzenia opisanego zjawiska w innych gruntach typu piasku pylastego, które często są podłożem gruntowym dla różnych obiektów inżynieryjnych.

13

Dynamic splitting tensile performance of new and old concrete after high temperature treatment

Cao Hai

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 67, nr 4

79--89

EN

In order to study the dynamic splitting tensile properties of new and old concrete after high temperature treatment, the effects of different impact velocities and temperatures on failure modes, dynamic splitting strength and energy absorption of new and old concrete were analyzed by impact dynamic splitting tensile test use of variable cross-section Φ 74 mm split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. The results show that: Impact velocity and temperature not only affect the dynamic splitting strength of new and old concrete bonding specimens, but also affect the failure modes and degree of breakage. The dynamic splitting strength of new and old concrete increases with the increase of impact velocity, but the increase rate decreased with the increase of temperature. The dynamic splitting strength first increases slowly and then decreases dramatically with the increase of temperature. In the dynamic splitting test of new and old concrete, the energy absorption increases with the increase of impact velocity and decreases with the increase of temperature.

14

Assessment and Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded Joints in Docol 1200M and Strenx S700MC Steel Alloy Grades Under Impact Loads

Prochenka Paweł, Janiszewski Jacek

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2020

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Vol. 11, Nr 1 (39)

17--30

EN

The article evaluates the strength and ductility of laser butt joints made of 2 mm Docol 1200 M martensitic steel sheets based on the hardness, quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests. Technological research of laser welding process was carried out on welding cell using IPG fiber – based welding source with 6 kW maximum power. The tests were carried out for parallel and perpendicular orientation of specimens by rolling direction. In addition, the obtained results were compared with the analogous results obtained during the Strenx S700 MC steel tests. Dynamic tests were performed using the tensile split Hopkinson pressure bar technique with strain rates of 103 s-1. The obtained results showed that the strength of Docol 1200 M under dynamic tensile test conditions are similar to the material strength under static tensile test conditions. However, due to the breaking of the specimens in the heat affected zone, the strength of the welded joint is much lower than in base material, which was not observed during the Strenx S700 MC steel tests.

PL

W artykule dokonano oceny wytrzymałości i ciągliwości doczołowych złączy spawanych laserowo wykonanych z 2 mm blach z martenzytycznej stali Docol 1200 M na podstawie rozkładu twardości oraz wynikach quasi-statycznej i dynamicznej próby rozciągania. Badania technologiczne procesu spawania laserowego zostały przeprowadzone na stanowisku produkcyjnym wykorzystującym włóknowe źródło spawalnicze IPG o maksymalnej mocy 6 kW. Badania przeprowadzono dla próbek materiałowych zorientowanych równolegle i prostopadle względem kierunku walcowania stali. Ponadto, dokonano porównania otrzymanych wyników z analogicznymi rezultatami uzyskanymi podczas badań stali Strenx S700 MC. Badania dynamiczne wykonano za pomocą techniki dzielonego pręta Hopkinsona na rozciąganie z szybkościami odkształcenia rzędu 103 s-1. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że wytrzymałość stali Docol 1200 M w warunkach dynamicznego rozciągania jest zbliżona do wytrzymałości materiału w warunkach statycznej próby rozciągania. Jednakże ze względu na zrywanie próbek w strefie wpływu ciepła wytrzymałość połączenia spawanego jest zdecydowanie niższa w stosunku do materiału rodzimego, czego nie zaobserwowano podczas badań stali Strenx S700 MC.

15

The concept of experimental research on the behavior of sand cover material for protective shelters for civilians

Kruszka Leopold, Chmielewski Ryszard, Sobczyk Kamil

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2020

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Nr 1

1--6

EN

The article proposes the concept of experimental dynamic tests of aggregate behavior - sand used as a material for covering temporary protective shelters for the population and civil defense. These shelters are part of the construction shielding infrastructure useful in crisis situations. Laboratory tests of loose soil, including sand, with impact loads are based on the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar using a clamp. The work describes both this experimental method and the original laboratory stand for impact tests based on a pneumatic launcher with a projectile - bar. This position was built at the Institute of Civil Engineering of the Military University of Technology taking into account the requirements of generally applicable legal provisions. Examples of preliminary experimental research on the behavior of selected aggregate - dry sand under dynamic load - are presented.

16

Selected technical and legal aspects of the pneumatic launcher operation for Hopkinson measuring bars set

Sobczyk Kamil, Kruszka Leopold, Chmielewski Ryszard, Rekucki Ryszard

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2020

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Nr 3

1--10

EN

The paper presents selected technical and legal areas of the exploitation of a pneumatic launcher as an essential part of the mechanical test stand of the split Hopkinson bar for testing the dynamic properties of construction materials. The process of impact loading of the tested material sample is carried out by means of a loading bar-projectile fired from this launcher. The concept of the first stage of the modernization of the pneumatic launcher used at the Institute of Civil Engineering of the Military University of Technology (MUT) for over 20 years was discussed in order to facilitate the performance of physical experiments. The formal and legal requirements for the design, construction and usage of a test stand with a pneumatic launcher in a laboratory room are presented.

17

Numerical study of dynamic behaviors of concrete under various strain rates

An H. M., Liu L.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 65, nr 4

21--36

EN

As the dynamic behavior of the concrete is different from that under static load, this research focuses on the study of dynamic responses of concrete by simulating the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test. Finite element code LS-DYNA is used for modeling the dynamic behaviors of concrete. Three continuous models are reviewed and the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook model (HJC) is introduced in detail. The HJC model which has been implemented in LS-DYNA is used to represent the concrete properties. The SHPB test model is established and a few stress waves are applied to the incident bar to simulate the dynamic concrete behaviors. The stress-strain curves are obtained. The stress distributions are analyzed. The crack initiation and propagation process are described. It is concluded that: the HJC model can modeling the entire process of the fracture initiation and fragmentation; the compressive of the concrete is significantly influenced by the strain rates.

18

Study on constitutive model and deformation mechanism in high speed cutting Inconel718

Hao Zhao Peng, Li Ji Ning, Fan Yi Hang, Ji Fang Fang

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 19, no. 2

439--452

EN

The nickel-based alloy Inconel718 is a multi-component complex alloy. There exists complex cutting deformation, higher cutting temperature, higher cutting force and formation of serrated chip in the machining process. However, the formation time of every saw tooth unit in serrated chip is very short. It is difficult to use traditional method to analyze the chip at any time. Simulation analysis, integrated with the experimental results, was used to study the whole process of cutting deformation. The Johnson–Cook (JC) constitutive model of Inconel718 under high speed and high strain rate is established through split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test. The finite element method was used to study the deformation process. Combining the analysis of metallographic pictures which were obtained in the cutting experiment, the plastic behavior evolution of material in the cutting zone is deeply studied to further reveal the forming mechanism of serrated chip. The results showed that the local temperature in the cutting zone increased rapidly. The appearance of thermal softening of materials led to the change of stress distribution in the cutting zone. The thermoplastic shear instability further appeared which resulted in the shear localization, subsequently leading to the uneven deformation of chip and then serrated chip formed.

19

Problematyka projektowania i badania regularnych struktur komórkowych wytwarzanych technologiami przyrostowymi

Janiszewski J., Płatek P., Dziewit P., Sarzyńska K.

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2018

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Vol. 9, Nr 3 (33)

29--56

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie wybranych aspektów związanych z projektowaniem i badaniem energochłonnych regularnych struktur komórkowych typu 2D wykonanych za pomocą addytywnych technik wytwarzania. Zaproponowana przez autorów metodyka badawcza obejmowała wytwarzanie struktur za pomocą dwóch technik druku 3D zróżnicowanych pod względem technologicznym i możliwości wytwórczych. Metoda FDM (ang. Fused Deposition Modelling) pozwoliła na przeanalizowanie procesu deformacji szerokiego spektrum topologii w zakresie obciążenia quasi-statycznego i udarowego. Z kolei metoda LENS (ang. Laser Engineered Net Shaping) umożliwiła wykonanie struktur ze stopu tytanu Ti6Al4V charakteryzującego się wysoką wytrzymałością mechaniczną. W pracy przedstawiono najważniejsze problemy związane z procesem badania regularnych struktur komórkowych w różnych warunkach obciążenia, w szczególności w warunkach dynamicznego odkształcenia z wykorzystaniem techniki dzielonego pręta Hopkinsona (SHPB). Przedstawiono główne zagadnienia związane z budową stanowiska SHPB oraz opisano specyfikę badania struktur komórkowych w klasycznym układzie prętów Hopkinsona i w układzie tzw. bezpośredniego uderzenia. Ponadto, dokonano obszernego omówienia problematyki modelowania numerycznego deformacji struktur komórkowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem definicji założeń koniecznych do poprawnego ich zamodelowania.

EN

The aim of this paper is to present main issues concerning designing and investigation on 2D regular cellular structures produced using additive manufacturing techniques. Proposed by authors experimental methodology was based on two types of technologically different 3D printings methods with various manufacturing capabilities. FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) technique allowed to analyze wide spectrum of structure topologies under static and impact loading conditions. LENS (Laser Engineered Net Shaping) method enabled to produce high strength structures made of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. This paper presents the most important issues related to the testing process of the regular cellular structures under various loading conditions, in particular under dynamic deformation using the split Hopkinson pressure bar technique (SHPB). The main issues concerning the construction of SHPB experimental setup were presented as well as the specificity of the research methodology on cellular materials in two different Hopkinson bar systems: classic and so-called direct impact. In addition, the extensive discussions on numerical modelling of cellular structures deformation was made. In particular, the emphasis of assumptions necessary for their correct modelling was defined.

20

The influence of non-axisymmetric pulse shaper position on SHPB experimental data

Panowicz R., Janiszewski J., Kochanowski K.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2018

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Vol. 56 nr 3

873—886

EN

The results of experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of the non-axisymmetric pulse shaper position on recorded wave signals in the split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment are presented. The paper focuses attention on the problem of wave signal disturbances caused by a bending wave resulting from non-axisymmetric pulse shaper positions and, moreover, different shaper thickness, striker impact velocities and Wheatstone bridge configurations. The obtained results of analyses indicate that the effect of the non-axisymmetric pulse shaper position may be neglected if deviation from the bar axis does not exceed 20%.