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Anatomical and functional assessment of patency of the upper respiratory tract in selected respiratory disorders - Part 2

Zając Andrzej, Kukwa Andrzej, Barański Robert, Nitkiewicz Szymon, Zomkowska Edyta, Rybak Adam

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 3

429--454

EN

This article presents selected physical diagnostic methods used in otorhinolaryngology and results of their application. In addition to the applications of methods using the capabilities of selective sensors, selected methods of hybrid diagnostics were also presented - for assessment of parameters of respiratory processes, with polysomnography as an example of using both typical diagnostic methods dedicated to otolaryngology, as well as standard EEG and ECG methods. It has been shown that in some special cases of respiratory disorders, measurements of the air flow in the respiratory tract can be supplemented with pressure measurements in selected positions within the airways. The presented optical methods and diagnostic systems are very often used in the diagnosis of diseases not specific for otolaryngology occurring in the area of the head and neck. The presented material is the second part of the study discussing both standard and widely used diagnostic methods. All presented methods are dedicated to otolaryngology. This text is a continuation of the material published in No 4 of 2021 [1].

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Anatomical and functional assessment of patency of the upper respiratory tract in selected respiratory disorders - Part 1

Kukwa Andrzej, Zając Andrzej, Barański Robert, Nitkiewicz Szymon, Kukwa Wojciech, Zomkowska Edyta, Rybak Adam

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 4

813--836

EN

The rapidly developing measurement techniques and emerging new physical methods are frequently used in otolaryngological diagnostics. A wide range of applied diagnostic methods constituted the basis for the review study aimed at presenting selected modern diagnostic methods and achieved diagnostic results to a wider group of users. In this part, the methods based on measuring the respiratory parameters of patients were analysed. Respiration is the most important and necessary action to support life and its effective duration. It is an actual gas exchange in the respiratory system consisting of removing CO2 and supplying O2. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, and an efficient respiratory tract allows for effective ventilation. The disruption in the work of the respiratory system leads to measurable disturbances in blood saturation and, consequently, hypoxia. Frequent, even short-term, recurrent hypoxia in any part of the body leads to multiple complications. This process is largely related to its duration and the processes that accompany it. The causes of hypoxia resulting from impaired patency of the respiratory tract and/or the absence of neuronal respiratory drive can be divided into the following groups depending on the cause: peripheral, central and/or of mixed origin. Causes of the peripheral form of these disorders are largely due to the impaired patency of the upper and/or lower respiratory tract. Therefore, early diagnosis and location of these disorders can be considered reversible and not a cause of complications. Slow, gradually increasing obstruction of the upper respiratory tract (URT) is not noticeable and becomes a slow killer. Hypoxic individuals in a large percentage of cases have a shorter life expectancy and, above all, deal with the consequences of hypoxia much sooner.

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Evaluation of Workers’ Exposure to Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) in an Automobile Manufacturing Company, Iran

Kakooei H., Shahtaheri S. J., Karbasi H.- A.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2006

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Vol. 12, No. 4

443--449

EN

Evaluation of personal inhalation exposure to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) among 39 employees, working in the window fixation and window glue processes in an automobile manufacturing company was performed. This study was conducted for both case and control groups. After sampling and sample preparation processes, MDI was determined with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 590 nm; the lung function was assessed with a digital spirometer, too. The average concentration of MDI in the window fixation, and window glue workplaces were 34.53 and 27.37 μg/m3, respectively, which was lower than the threshold limit value (TLV) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (51 μg/m3). Respiratory symptoms in the exposed group were significantly different compared to the unexposed group (p < .05). Lung capacities in the case group were lower than in the control group (p < .05). Therefore, MDI can be easily measured making it possible to evaluate the adverse effects caused by occupational exposure.

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Urządzenie do oceny wskazań spirometrów

Janiczek J., Woźniak M.

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2001

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R. 5, nr 2

16-18

PL

W artykule przedstawiono urządzenie mikroprocesorowe umożliwiające okresową kontrolę spirometrów. Testowaniu podlegają parametry statyczne i dynamiczne. Prezentowane urządzenie może być także przydatne do testowania innych przyrządów zawierających przetwornik przepływu gazu na różnicę ciśnienia.

EN

There is presented the microprocessor device useful for the periodical spirometer evaluation. The static and dynamic parameters of spirometer are testing. The device can also be useful forming gas-flow to pressure difference.