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A Whole Body Postural Loading Simulation and Assessment Model for Workplace Analysis and Design

Rebelo F., Da Silva K. C., Karwowski W.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2012

Vol. 18, No. 4

509--519

This study reports on the development and validation of a new computer model for simulating human postures at work, and assessing the reaction forces and bending moments in 43 human articulation joints. The proposed model estimates the intradiscal pressure in the vertebral column in response to external loading forces encountered during human interactions with work objects or processes. The model was implemented in a selfcontained interactive software package. The simulation results compare favorably with the reported experimental data, and provide reasonable confidence in the quality of the model. Its characteristics and its applications in evaluating physical task performance are also discussed.

A Design of Experiments for Statistically Predicting Risk of Adverse Health Effects on Drivers Exposed to Vertical Vibrations

Ayari H., Thomas M., Dore S.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2011

Vol. 17, No. 3

221--232

An injury risk factor (IRF), which indicates the risk of adverse health effect to lumbar rachis arising from mechanical vibrations, is developed. Experiments have been conducted that consider acceleration levels at the seat of drivers, posture, morphology, density, damping rate and body mass as independent variables. A parametric finite-element model of the lumbar rachis has been generated. It is shown that the IRF increases with ageing and an IRF of 30% is proposed as a threshold for fatigue purposes. This level is reached if a peak acceleration level greater than 3 m/s2 is applied to a light (55 kg) and an old driver with a low bone density and a damping rate of 20%. This vibration threshold must be reduced to 2.7 m/s2 if the driverʼs weight increases to 75 kg and to 2 m/s2 if the driver is heavy (98 kg).