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1

Ultraviolet to visible light conversion - characterization of down-shifting layers

Czarnecki Przemysław, Znajdek Katarzyna, Szczecińska Natalia, Sosna-Głębska Aleksandra, Sibiński Maciej

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 12

195--198

EN

Obtaining electricity from renewable energy sources is the main goal of the global energy industry. The leading role in this field of energy is photovoltaic that uses solar energy with no emissions of any pollutants However, the ratio of production costs to solar cell efficiencies is high. This problem concerns cells that use one P-N junction in their structure, all photovoltaic panels available on the market. It is possible to exceed this limit by creating additional semiconductor junctions in the cell structure or by using ultraviolet or infrared light. There is a way to increase efficiency by using ultraviolet light by shifting a certain range of UV radiation into the visible range. The work presented in this article is based on the production and characterization of layers converting UV radiation into visible light. These layers consist of several elements: a base, a converting pigment and a solvent. In the presented work three different methods were used for the deposition of converting layers: • spray-coating, spin-coating, • screenprinting. For each deposition method the solution has been prepared in a slightly different way. Increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic cells with a small financial outlay is a remarkable breakthrough in the field of photovoltaics. The analysis of the transmittance results of the layers also confirms the possibility of using these pigments to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells.

PL

Pozyskiwanie energii elektrycznej z odnawialnych źródeł energii jest głównym celem światowej energetyki. Wiodącą rolę w tej dziedzinie energii odgrywa fotowoltaika, która wykorzystuje energię słoneczną bez emisji jakichkolwiek zanieczyszczeń. Jednak stosunek kosztów produkcji do wydajności ogniw słonecznych jest wysoki. Problem ten dotyczy ogniw, które w swojej strukturze wykorzystują jedno złącze P-N, czyli większość dostępnych na rynku paneli fotowoltaicznych. Możliwe jest przekroczenie tego limitu poprzez utworzenie dodatkowych połączeń półprzewodnikowych w strukturze komórki lub za pomocą światła ultrafioletowego lub podczerwonego. Istnieje sposób na zwiększenie wydajności poprzez wykorzystanie światła ultrafioletowego poprzez przesunięcie pewnego zakresu promieniowania UV do zakresu widzialnego. Przedstawione w artykule prace polegają na wytworzeniu i scharakteryzowaniu warstw przetwarzających promieniowanie UV na światło widzialne. Warstwy te składają się z kilku elementów: bazy, pigmentu konwertującego i rozpuszczalnika. W przedstawionej pracy zastosowano trzy różne metody osadzania warstw: • osadzanie natryskowe, • powlekanie wirowe, • sitodruk. Dla każdej metody osadzania roztwór został przygotowany w nieco inny sposób. Zwiększenie wydajności ogniw fotowoltaicznych przy niewielkich nakładach finansowych to niezwykły przełom w dziedzinie fotowoltaiki. Analiza wyników transmitancji warstw potwierdza również możliwość wykorzystania tych pigmentów do poprawy wydajności ogniw fotowoltaicznych.

2

Structural and optical properties of ZnO thin film prepared by sol-gel spin coating

Balakrishnan G., Sinha Vivek, Peethala Yogesh Palai, Kumar Manoj, Nimal R. J. Golden Renjith, Hussain J. Hameed, Batoo Khalid Mujasam, Raslan Emad H.

Materials Science Poland

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2020

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Vol. 38, No. 1

17--22

EN

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on Si (1 0 0) and glass substrates by sol-gel spin coating technique. Zinc acetate dihydrate, monoethanolamine and isopropanol were used as the sources for precursor solution and the resulting gel was used for the preparation of ZnO thin films. The films were annealed at different temperatures (100 °C to 500 °C) and the effect of annealing on the structural and optical properties was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used for the analysis of the films. The XRD results indicated the polycrystalline hexagonal structure of the ZnO films with (0 0 2) orientation. The optical properties of the films were studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 190 – 1100 nm. The optical characterization of the ZnO thin films showed the high transmittance of ~90 % for the films annealed at 400 °C. The films showed the absorbance ~360 – 390 nm and bandgap values of 3.40 – 3.10 eV, depending on the annealing temperature of the films.

3

The analysis of surface morphology, band gaps and optical properties of PAN/GO thin films

Matysiak W., Adamczyk K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 101, nr 2

49--56

EN

Purpose: PAN/GO nanocomposites are gaining more and more interest from research and industrial environments. According to theoretical studies and experimental tests, PAN/ GO exhibits excellent properties such as tensile strength, good thermal and electrical conductivity, excellent thermal and tribological properties. Thanks to this property, the composite is considered the ideal successor to the nanocomposites used so far. The PAN/GO nanocomposite has great potential in the filtration, automotive, electrical and photovoltaic industry. Design/methodology/approach: The spin-coating process is used to produce thin layers by centrifuging a liquid substance on flat surfaces. The advantages of the spin- coating process are simplicity and ease with which the process can be carried out. Due to the ability to high spin speeds, high airflow leads to fast drying time, which in turn results in high consistency in both macroscopic and nanometre scales. The spin-coting method is usually the starting point and reference point for most academic and industrial processes that require a thin and uniform coating. The use of spin coating has a wide spectrum. This technique can be used to coat small substrates (from a few square mm) up to the coating of flat displays, e.g. TV sets, which may have a meter or more in diameter. Findings: Among the existing methods for producing thin layers, including physical and chemical methods for gas phase deposition or the self-assembly process, the spin-coating process makes it possible to produce uniform thin nanocomposite layers in an easy and cheap way. Spin coating is usually the starting point and reference point for most academic and industrial processes that require a thin and uniform coating. The advantage of the method is the wide spectrum of use. It is used for coating substrates with everything from photoresists, insulators, organic semiconductors, synthetic metals, nanomaterials, metal precursors and metal oxides, transparent conductive oxides and many other materials. Often, spin coating is used to unravel polymer layers or photoresist on semiconductor substrates. Research limitations/implications: Due to the ongoing research on the potential applications of PAN/GO thin layers, including electronics, automotive and photovoltaics, it is worth trying to optimize the parameters of the spin-coiling process such as rotational speed or duration of the process. It is also worth trying to optimize the concentration of GO in the nanocomposite. Practical implications: Despite mixing the solution with an ultrasonic homogenizer to disperse the nanoparticles, the particles dispersed to form a rough surface. Originality/value: Low-cost, easy to carry out method of producing thin nanocomposite layers, having significant application in laboratory environments.

4

Development of sol-gel derived gahnite anti-reflection coating for augmenting the power conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar cells

Kaliyannan Gobinath Velu, Palanisamy Senthil Velmurugan, Palanisamy Manivasakan, Subramanian Mohankumar, Paramasivam Prabhakaran, Rathanasamy Rajasekar

Materials Science Poland

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2019

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Vol. 37, No. 3

465--472

EN

The present research is focused on developing ZnAl2O4 (gahnite) spinel as an antireflection coating material for enhanced energy conversion of polycrystalline silicon solar cells (PSSC). ZnAl2O4 has been synthesized using dual precursors, namely aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate in ethanol media. Diethanolamine has been used as a sol stabilizer in sol-gel process for ZnAl2O4 nanosheet fabrication. nanosheet was deposited layer-by-layer (LBL) on PSSC by spin coating method. The effect of ZnAl2O4 coating on the physical, electrical, optical properties and temperature distribution in PSSC was investigated. The synthesized antireflection coating (ARC) material bears gahnite (ZnAl2O4) spinel crystal structure composed of two dimensional (2D) nanosheets. An increase in layer thickness proves the LBL deposition of ARC on the PSSC substrate. The ZnAl2O4 2D nanosheet comprising ARC on the PSSC was tested and it exhibited a maximum of 93 % transmittance, short-circuit photocurrent of 42.364 mA/cm2 and maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) 23.42 % at a low cell temperature (50.2 °C) for three-layer ARC, while the reference cell exhibited 33.518 mA/cm2, 15.74 % and 59.1 °C, respectively. Based on the results, ZnAl2O4 2D nanosheets have been proven as an appropriate ARC material for increasing the PCE of PSSC.

5

Controlling of optical band gap of the CdO films by zinc oxide

Kati Nida

Materials Science Poland

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2019

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Vol. 37, No. 1

136--141

EN

In this study, CdZnO films prepared at different ratios of dopants (CdO:ZnO = 5:5, CdO:ZnO = 6:4, and CdO:ZnO = 8:2) were coated on glass surface by using the sol-gel spin coating technique. After this process, surface structure and optical properties of the CdZnO films was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The surface structure of the CdZnO films depended on the content of ZnO and CdO in the films. Low percentage of CdO films were very similar to the ZnO film but higher amount of CdO resuted in granular structures together with pure structure of ZnO in the films. Eg values of produced CdZnOs depended on the additions of CdO and ZnO. The obtained Eg values of the produced CdO:ZnO = 5:5 (S3), CdO:ZnO = 6:4 (S4), and CdO:ZnO = 8:2 (S5) films are 2.5 eV, 2.49 eV, and 2.4 eV, respectively.

6

Eksperymentalne stanowisko do zastosowań inżynierii powierzchni stopów Mg wykorzystujące metodę spin coating

Cesarz-Andraczke Katarzyna, Kania Aneta, Pałka Kamil

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

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2019

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R. 24, nr 6

6--10

7

Manufacturing process and optical properties of zinc oxide thin films as photoanode in DSSC

Matysiak W., Tański T., Zaborowska M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 86, nr 1

33--40

EN

Purpose: It has been recently observed, that zinc oxide thin films are gaining much popularity, particularly in applications such as toxic gas sensors, photocatalytic materials and photovoltaic cells. Due to much better physical properties of ZnO compared to the ones of titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is currently the most used material in dye sensitized solar cells, efforts are being made to fabricate DSSCs with thin films and/or nanostructures, including nanowires, nanofibres and nanoparticles of zinc oxide. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, zinc oxide thin films were prepared using sol-gel and spin coating methods from Zn(COO)2 x 2H2O dissolved in ethanol and acetic acid with ZnO monocrystalline nanoparticles of 0 and 10% (wt.) relative to the final concentration of produced solutions. The effect of calcination process on ZnO thin films at 600°C were examined using atomic force microscope to investigate the morphology of semiconductor coatings, infrared spectroscopy to prove the chemical structure of material. Besides, optical properties were analysed on the basis of absorbance in the function of wavelength spectra and the values of energy band gaps were studied. Findings: The topography analysis of ZnO thin films showed an increase in roughness with the increase of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the thin films material. In addition, the analysis of the optical properties of ZnO thin films showed a decrease in absorption level in the range of near-ultraviolet wavelength for the obtained layers after annealing. Research limitations/implications: It was found that ZnO thin films produced by spin coating and calcination method are a proper material for photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells, as zinc oxide layers provide better conductivity across the photovoltaic cell. Practical implications: The results provide the possibility of production DSSCs with zinc oxide thin films as photoanode. Originality/value: The dye-sensitized solar cells based on zinc oxide photoanodes could be alternative semiconductor material to titanium dioxide, which is used in nowadays solar cells. It was estimated that ZnO, especially zinc oxide nanostructures have much better physical properties, than TiO2 structures. What is more, zinc oxide thin layers are characterized by the lower energy losses resulting from the physical properties of such nanostructures, which results in more efficient solar energy into electricity conversion.

8

Influence of calcination temperature on optical and structural properties of TiO2 thin films prepared by means of sol-gel and spin coating

Tański T., Matysiak W., Kosmalska D., Lubos A.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 2

151--156

EN

In this study, ceramic TiO2 thin films were prepared on glass substrates using sol-gel and spin-coating methods from the TNBT/ AcOH/ EtOH/ H2O solution. The obtained coatings were subjected to drying at room temperature and were then calcined in the air at different temperatures in a range of 400–600°C in order to obtain clean TiO2 layers. The surface morphology and chemical composition were characterized with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX). Research has shown the presence of elements in the TiO2 and the influence of temperatures on layer thickness. Analysis of optical properties and energy gap width of the prepared coatings was determined by means of spectra analysis of absorbance as a function of radiation energy obtained with the use of the UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The obtained spectra of the layers are characterized by a shift of absorption lines towards the visible light wavelengths and the obtained values of band gaps decrease as the calcination temperature rises. The obtained and developed results of TiO2 thin films testify to the wide application possibilities of the layers in elements which use photocatalytic processes such as self-cleaning surfaces, solar cells, pollution removing membranes and optoelectronic components.

9

Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Silicon Dioxide Composite Thin Films - Preparation and Analysis of Properties

Tański T., Matysiak W., Zaborowska M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 63, iss. 1

211--215

EN

The purpose of this study was to produce composite thin films with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) matrix with nanoparticles of silicon dioxide (SiO2 ) as the reinforcing phase (5 and 10%) using spin coating method and to investigate the influence of mass concentration of silica particles and process parameters on the morphology and optical properties of the obtained PVP/SiO2 nanocomposite coatings. The composite layer topography examination, made using atomic force microscope (AFM), showed the increase of roughness due to the increase of silica mass concentration in thin films. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis showed that with the increase of SiO2 nanoparticles in polymer matrix and use of higher rotation speed, the absorbance level decrease. Besides, composite layers with 10% mass concentration relative to polymer concentration were characterized by wider energy band gap, so it can be concluded that obtained nanocomposite thin films can be used as protective layers against UV radiation, with zero absorption in the range of visible light wavelengths.

10

Characteristics of GZO/IZO Dual-Layer as an Electron Transport Layer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

Manzari Tavakoli M. H., Ahmadi M., Sabet M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 63, iss. 4

1609--1614

EN

GZO/IZO semiconductor thin films were prepared on the ITO substrate via sol-gel spin coating method for using in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). For this purpose, GZO and IZO thin films were optimized by the percentage of doping gallium and indium in zinc oxide and were studied their electrical, optical and structural properties. After that, the layers with the best performance were selected for use in the DSSCs. The concentration of all solutions for spin coating processes was 0.1 M and zinc oxide has been doped with gallium and indium, with different doping percentages (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 volume percentage). So, by studying the properties of the fabricated thin films, it was found the films with 0.5%GZO and 0.5%IZO have the best performance and hence, the optimized dual-layer (0.5% GZO/0.5% IZO (GIZO)) were prepared and studied their electrical and optical properties. The synthesized optimized dual-layer film was successfully used as the working electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. The sample with 0.5%IZO shows the 9.1 mA/cm2 short-circuit current density, 0.52 V open circuit voltage, 63% fill factor and 2.98% efficiency.

11

Studies on rheological, structural, optical, electrical and surface properties of LiMn2O4 thin films by varied spin rates

Balakrishnan T., Subramanian N. S., Kathalingam A.

Materials Science Poland

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2017

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Vol. 35, No. 3

626--631

EN

LiMn2O4 thin films prepared by cost-effective spin coating method using optimized coating conditions are reported. Spin rate was varied and spin rate dependent properties were studied. Prepared films were characterized for their structural, morphological and optical properties. X-ray diffraction study of LiMn2O4 thin films confirmed the cubic spinel structure with the preferred orientation along (1 1 1) plane. Optical absorption studies showed band gap energy of 3.02 eV for the grown LiMn2O4 films. FT-IR bands assigned to asymmetric stretching modes of MnO6 group were located around 623 cm−1 and 514 cm−1 for the LiMn2O4 thin films. The weak band observed at 437 cm−1 was attributed to the LiO4 tetrahedra. The films showed high conductivity value 0.79 S/cm indicating the generation of effective network of the film for enhanced charge transport. AFM micrographs of the LiMn2O4 films deposited at 3000 rpm and 3500 rpm showed uniform distribution of fine grains throughout the surface without any dark pits, pinholes and cracks.

12

Optical properties of PVP/ZnO composite thin films

Tański T., Matysiak W.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 82, nr 1

5--11

EN

Purpose: The aim of the work was the preparation of thin composite layers from PVP polymer doped by ZnO nanoparticles using the spin coating method and the analysis of the applied reinforcing phase on the morphology and optical properties of obtained composites. Design/methodology/approach: To analyse the morphology of thin coatings a technique of surface topography imaging using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied. Analysis of the optical properties was conducted using absorbance spectrum in function of wavelength for all produced thin coatings using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Findings: AFM results show that mass concentration of ZnO nanoparticles of 10% in a solution of PVP/EtOH polymers has a meaningful influence on the morphology of the surface of the PVP/ZnO composite coatings. Using obtained absorbance spectra, the width of the band gap of the manufactured composite coatings were determined which were compared with a band gap values of pure polymer and used reinforcing phase. Practical implications: The analysis of the values of the energy band gap of the manufactured materials showed that both for pure polymer and composite coatings values of energy band gap are similar approx. 4 eV at the same time decrease the degree of absorption of electromagnetic radiation caused by the increasing concentration of the reinforcing phase, which indicates the broad possibilities of application of this type of the material.

13

Electrical and optical properties of spin-coated SnO2 nanofilms

Izydorczyk W, Waczynski K, Izydorczyk J, Karasinski P, Mazurkiewicz J, Magnuski M, Uljanow J, Waczynska-Niemiec N, Filipowski W

Materials Science Poland

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2014

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Vol. 32, No. 4

729--736

EN

SnO2 nanocrystalline thin films have been deposited on oxidized silicon substrates by spin-coating from a precursor solution, followed by slow thermal annealing in oxygen atmosphere at different temperatures (500 to 900 °C). The precursor solution consisted of 1.0 to 2.0 M SnCl4•5H2O in isopropanol. It was shown that the concentration of the precursor solution, annealing temperature and heating rate had a significant effect on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the studied thin films. The topography of SnO2 thin films was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, as-deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis and impedance spectroscopy.

14

PEDOT:PSS thin film for photovoltaic application

Weszka J., Szindler M., Jarka P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 59, nr 2

59—66

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to investigate changes in surface morphology and optical parameters of thin films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Thin films were prepared using spin coating method. Design/methodology/approach: The thin films of PEDOT:PSS was investigate by Raman scattering technique in Raman spectrometer. The changes in surface topography were observed with the atomic force microscope AFM XE-100. The results of roughness have been prepared in the software XEI Park Systems. The measurement of optical parameter was performed using spectrometer UV/VIS and spectroscopic ellipsometer. Findings: Results and their analysis allow to conclude that the PEDOT:PSS solution concentration and spin speed, an important factor in spin coating technology, have a significant influence on surface morphology and optical reflection of thin films. Practical implications: Knowledge about the sol gel PEDOT:PSS optical parameters and the possibility of obtaining a uniform thin films show that it can be good material for photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. Originality/value: The paper presents some researches of PEDOT:PSS thin films deposited by spin coating method on glass substrate.

15

Influence of solvent on the surface morphology and optoelectronic properties of a spin coated polymer thin films

Weszka J., Szindler M.M., Szczęsna M., Szindler M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 2

302—307

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to investigate changes in surface morphology and optoelectronic properties of MEH-PPV thin films. Thin films were prepared using spin coating method. Design/methodology/approach: The changes in surface topography was observed by the atomic force microscope AFM. The results of thin films roughness have been prepared in the software XEI. The UV/VIS spectrometer was used to investigate absorbance of the obtained thin films. Findings: Results and their analysis allow to conclude that the solvent, which is an important factor in spin coating technology has an influence on surface morphology and optoelectronic properties of MEH-PPV thin films. Practical implications: Known MEH-PPV optoeletronic properties and the possibility of obtaining a uniform thin film show that it can be a good material for optoelectronic and photovoltaic application. Originality/value: The paper presents some researches of MEH-PPV thin films deposited by spin coating method deposition on glass BK7. A MEH-PPV solution was prepared using three different solvents: chlorobenzene, chloroform and pyridine.

16

Ceramic nanomaterials based on the barium and titanium compounds, prepared by the sol - gel method, for elecrotechnical applications

Kogut K., Zboromirska-Wnukiewicz B., Kasprzyk K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2011

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Vol. 56, iss. 4

1057-1057

EN

This paper describes the sol - gel method barium and titanium compounds materials obtaining, which their physicochemical parameters could be competitive with the materials obtained by classic methods. Additionally dielectric thin layers was obtained with the use of spin and dip coaters. Based on selected precursor elements which form appropriate crystal net, the capacitance construction was created. Dielectric in this contraction was a barium titanate with high electrical permittivity and small grain size. The optimal dry, calcinations and sintering temperature of the dielectric with base was determined. On that capacitor the microscopic analysis with the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM) was carried out. The thickness of the dielectric layer and electrical parameters use by impedance analyzer Solatron SI 1260 was carried out. The capacitance, dielectric loss and electrical permittivity was carried out, cooperative influence of the frequency and temperature on the measurements was determined. The best results had a samples sintered in the 1000°C. The electrical permittivity for measurements in few Hertz for the samples with the base of nickel and BaTiO3 layer coated by spin and dip coaters, in the room temperature and measurements for few Hertz, amount to 4700. The electrical capacity for low frequency was about 3,2ź10-8F.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono metode zol – żel otrzymywania materiałów na bazie związków tytanu i baru, których właściwości fizykochemiczne mogą być konkurencyjne dla materiałów uzyskiwanych metodami klasycznymi. Dodatkowo wykorzystując urządzenia typu spin i dip coater uzyskano cienkie warstwy dielektryczne. Na podstawie wytypowanych prekursorów pierwiastków tworzących odpowiednia sieć krystaliczna, wykonano układ pojemnosciowy, w którym dielektryk stanowił tytanian baru o wysokiej wartości przenikalności elektrycznej i niewielkich rozmiarach ziaren. Wyznaczono optymalna temperature suszenia, kalcynacji i wypalania dielektryku wraz z podłożem. Na przygotowanym elemencie stanowiącym rodzaj kondensatora wykonano analize mikroskopowa za pomocą elektronowego mikroskopu skaningowego oraz przeprowadzono pomiary grubości nałożonych warstw jak i pomiary właściwości elektrycznych wykorzystując analizator impedancji Solatron SI 1260. Wyznaczono pojemność elektryczną, współczynnik strat dielektrycznych, przenikalność elektryczną materiału, określając jednocześnie wpływ częstotliwości i temperatury na wyniki pomiaru. Stwierdzono, że najlepszymi wynikami charakteryzowały się próbki wypalane w temperaturze 1000 C. Wartość przenikalności przy częstotliwości pojedynczych herców dla próbek o podłożu ze stali kwasoodpornej z cienką warstwą BaTiO3 wypalanych w 1000 C, przy temperaturze pomiarowej 40-50 C, wynosiła ok. 300 zaś w podwyższonych temperaturach pomiaru przenikalność osiągała wartość rzędu 14000. Dla próbek gdzie podłoże stanowił nikiel a warstwa BaTiO3 nakładana była za pomocą metod spin coatingu i powolnego zanurzania, już w temperaturze pokojowej przy pojedynczych hercach zmierzona wartość przenikalności elektrycznej osiągała wartości rzędu 4700. Pojemność elektryczna przy pomiarze dla niskich częstotliwości osiągała wartości rzędu 3,2x10-8F.

17

Influence of technological conditions on optical properties and morphology of spin-coated PPI thin films

Chwastek M., Weszka J., Jurusik J., Hajduk B., Jarka P.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 48, nr 2

69-76

EN

The aim of this paper is to show technical and chemical parameters influence on optical properties and morphology of poly (1,4-phenylenemethylenenitrilo- 1,4-phenylenenitrilomethylene) (PPI) thin films prepared by spin-coating method

18

Wytwarzanie i charakteryzacja rezystancyjnych czujników tlenu z wykorzystaniem SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3

Molin S., Jasiński G., Gazda M., Jasiński P.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2010

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Vol. 51, nr 6

132-135

PL

W pracy przedstawiono opis przygotowania oraz wyniki pomiarów elektrycznych rezystancyjnych czujników tlenu z wykorzystaniem SrTi0.65 Fe0.35 0₃. Czujniki wykonane zostały dwoma technikami: standardową metodą ceramiczną prasowania proszków oraz metodą wykorzystującą prekursory polimerowe. W ten sposób otrzymano zarówno czujniki w postaci pastylek, jak i cienkich warstw o grubości nie przekraczającej ∼2 µm na podłożu alundowym. Wytworzone czujniki przebadano pod kątem zastosowania jako rezystancyjne czujniki tlenu. Badania przeprowadzono w różnych ciśnieniach parcjalnych tlenu (10 ppm - 20% 0₂) oraz w różnych temperaturach (600...800°C).

EN

In this work a preparation and characterization of electrical properties of SrTi0.65 Fe0.35 O₃ (STF35) is reported. This composition has a very interesting feature; it is the so-called zero-TCR (temperature coefficient of resistivity) material, which means that its conductivity is dependent only on the pO₂ and not on the temperature. Sensors are constructed by two technologies: ceramic sintering of powders to built bulk sensor structure and using polymeric precursors, that allow Iow temperature formation of ceramic functional layers. In this case a dense alumina plates were used as a support for ∼2 µm thick sensors. This method is used for the first time for the fabrication of these sensors. The linear sensor response to pO₂ changes occurs at oxygen concentration of 0.4.. .20%. Temperature dependence of conductivity is very smali for both sensors.

19

Studying of spin-coated oxad-Si properties

Weszka J., Dobrzański L. A., Jarka P., Jurusik J., Hajduk B., Bruma M., Konieczny J., Mańskowski D.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 2

505-511

EN

Purpose: The major aim of this paper was describing technical conditions of polymer thin film deposition by spin-coating techniques. Design/methodology/approach: Thin films of about nanometres thickness were prepared by spin-coating and their properties were studied. As a material for preparing polymer thin films oxad-Si was used. The thin films were deposited with various spinning velocity from solution of different concentration. Thin films were deposited on BK7 glass and quartz substrates. Findings: The obtained results describe influence of the solution concentration and spinning velocity on morphology and optical properties of spin-coated oxad-Si thin films. Research limitations/implications: The obtained results confirm the oxad-Si availability for optoelectronic application to be stipulated. Practical implications: The morphology and optical properties of Oxad-Si polymer thin films were described. This paper include also description of the influence of deposition conditions on properties of polymer thin films. Originality/value: The value of this paper is defining the optimal parameters of spin-coating technology for preparing oxad-Si thin film with the best properties for optoelectronics appliances. This paper describes new experimental polymeric material for spin coating technology. Results of these researches enable to develop the spin-coating technology.

20

The effect of spin coating rate on the microstructure, grain size, surface roughness and thickness of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin film prepared by the sol-gel process

Dewi R., Baa'yah N. I., Talib I. A.

Materials Science Poland

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2007

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Vol. 25, No. 3

657--662

EN

The paper reports on the effect of spin coating rate during the sol-gel process on the microstructure, grain size, surface roughness and thickness of barium strontium titanate (Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3) thin films. Variable coating rates do not influence the microstructure of the films. All films are polycrystalline and single phase, as was found from X-ray diffraction analysis. Changing the spin rates also does not influence the grain sizes of the films. All films have nanometer particle size ranging from 37.2 nm to 30.7 nm. However, roughness and thickness of the film depend on the spin coating rates. The highest spin rates produce the thinnest film with the roughest surface, while the lowest spin rate produced the thickest films with the smoothest surface.