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1 2009

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Moznosti vyuziti dalkoveho pruzkumu zeme pro sledovani uniku ropnych latek (kontaminace horninoveho prostredi)

Smejkalova E., Bujok P.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Górnictwo / Politechnika Śląska

2009

z. 287

215-224

Dalkovy pruzkum Zeme ajeho aplikace jsou jednou z technologii, ktere se postupne zacina vyuzivat vmnoha odvetvich lidskych aktivit. Jeho pouziti nema striktne definovane hranice a svou interdisciplinaritou poskytuje moźnosti vyuziti v oblastech geologie, pedologie anebo environmentalistiky. V odvetvi nerostnych surovin jsou metody DPZ soucasti explorace, ale i zaverecnych likvidacnich a rekultivacnich fazi. V porovnani s pozemnim pruzkumem a dalśimi konvencnimi metodami je technologie DPZ pri opakovanych pozorovanich finanćne mene naroćnym a soiistikovanejsim feśenim. Pomoci hyperspektralnich analyz je mozne detekovat pritomnost urćitych mineralu nebo hornin rychle a pri pouziti spravnych algoritmu spolehlive. Temou prispevku je DPZ a jeho vyuziti pfi detekci uhlovodiku - uniku a prusaku ropnych latek v pevninske ćasti zemskś kury. Vyskyt uhlovodiku v pude muźe byt projevem uniku nebo prusaku hydrokarbonovych latek. Uniky zpusobene havariemi na produktovodech anebo jinymi antropogennimi zasahy v pfirode kontaminuji pudu. Prirodni prasaky mohou indikovat vyskyt loziska ropy a zemniho plynu. Teoreticke zaklady uhlovodiku, jejich spektralni projevy a vybrane algoritmy k detekovani ropnych prusaku a uniku v pfirode jsou uvedeny v prvni ćasti. Nasleduje selekce testovanych uzemi, vyber a pfedzpracovani satelitnich dat. Nakonec je uvedena verifikace pouzitelnosti vybranych analytickych metod a navrhy na dalsi pokracovani aplikace v oblasti likvidaci vrtu.

Remote sensing is nowadays one of the high-tech methods utilized in various areas of human activities. With its interdisciplinarity man can use this technology in disciplines such as geology, pedology and environmentalistics. Remote sensing offers many conveniences for studying and analyzing the Earth's surface for the detection of hydrocarbons. Objectivity and rapidity of detection, effectivity during the iterative analysis of large areas, compatible results (with other digital data, other GIS) and the possibility to work on the surveys remotely, without direct contact with the surface are the main advantages of remote sensing. The aim of this analysis is to show and explain how we can use this approach in the detection of onshore oil seeps and slicks. In the first part the theoretical background of the hydrocarbons and theirs effects in the nature, remote sensing methods and technologies using in the detection of onshore hydrocarbons are described. Following part shows the summary of selected algorithms applied on the remote sensing data to detect the hydrocarbons. Selection of proper testing areas (Kuwait - oil deposits, California- area with known hydrocarbon seepage) and choosing of right satellite data (sensors Hyperion, ASTER) is followed by verification of applied methods in practical part of the analysis. In the end the evaluation of the analysis objectives, results and the proposal of other application (oil drill liquidation) of created methodology are discussed.