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A multiscale experimental analysis of mechanical properties and deformation behavior of sintered copper-silicon carbide composites enhanced by high-pressure torsion

Nosewicz Szymon, Bazarnik Piotr, Clozel Melanie, Kurpaska Łukasz, Jenczyk Piotr, Jarząbek Dariusz, Chmielewski Marcin, Romelczyk-Baishya Barbara, Lewandowska Malgorzata, Pakieła Zbigniew, Huang Yi, Langdon Terence G.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 3

776--794

EN

Experiments were conducted to investigate, within the framework of a multiscale approach, the mechanical enhancement, deformation and damage behavior of copper–silicon carbide composites (Cu–SiC) fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and the combination of SPS with high-pressure torsion (HPT). The mechanical properties of the metal–matrix composites were determined at three different length scales corresponding to the macroscopic, micro- and nanoscale. Small punch testing was employed to evaluate the strength of composites at the macroscopic scale. Detailed analysis of microstructure evolution related to SPS and HPT, sample deformation and failure of fractured specimens was conducted using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A microstructural study revealed changes in the damage behavior for samples processed by HPT and an explanation for this behavior was provided by mechanical testing performed at the micro- and nanoscale. The strength of copper samples and the metal–ceramic interface was determined by microtensile testing and the hardness of each composite component, corresponding to the metal matrix, metal–ceramic interface, and ceramic reinforcement, was measured using nano-indentation. The results confirm the advantageous effect of large plastic deformation on the mechanical properties of Cu–SiC composites and demonstrate the impact on these separate components on the deformation and damage type.

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Supertwarde warstwy W-B i W-Ti-B osadzane z tarcz spiekanych metodą SPS

Psiuk Rafał, Słomińska Hanna, Hoffman Jacek, Mościcki Tomasz

Obróbka Plastyczna Metali

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2019

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T. 30, nr 2

107--120

PL

Z rosnącym zapotrzebowaniem na niezawodne, a jednocześnie zapewniające dużą wydajność, narzędzia do skrawania i obróbki plastycznej, coraz większego znaczenia nabiera rozszerzająca się grupa supertwardych ceramik przewodzących prąd. Mate-riały te dobrze rokują w związku z rozwiązaniem problemów tradycyjnych materiałów narzędziowych, których niedoskonałości obejmują wysoką cenę (azotek krzemu, azotek boru), niezdolność do cięcia stopów żelaza w wyniku reakcji chemicznych (diament), niestabilność w obecności wilgoci (azotek boru) i względnie małą twardość (węglik wolframu). Również rosnący popyt na powłoki ochronne o wysokiej twardości, o dob-rych właściwościach sprężystych i stabilności termicznej powoduje, że badania nad nowymi systemami materiałowymi prowadzone są coraz intensywniej. Pomimo że azotki metali przejściowych są już z powodzeniem stosowane do różnych zadań w prze-myśle samochodowym i lotniczym, poszukiwanie ulepszonych materiałów jest tematem wciąż aktualnym. W pracy przedstawiono badania nad osadzaniem cienkich powłok z nowych supertwardych materiałów (SHM), którymi są borki wolframu. Dodatkowo zbadano wpływ domieszkowania tych materiałów tytanem. Warstwy osadzane były metodą ablacji laserowej PLD. Tarcze do osadzania zsyntetyzowane zostały metodą spiekania plazmowego SPS proszków boru i wolframu o stosunku atomów 4,5 do 1. Osadzane z użyciem lasera warstwy mają skład stechiometryczny podobny do użytych tarcz. W warstwach tych dominuje faza WB3. Badania przeprowadzone z użyciem SEM, XRD i nanoindentacji wykazały, że skład fazowy tarcz jest odwzorowany w war-stwach osadzonych laserem. Wszystkie uzyskane warstwy są bardzo twarde i stabilne termicznie. Warstwy osadzane laserem odznaczają się dużą chropowatością. Domiesz-kowanie tytanem zwiększa ilość fazy WB3 w spiekanych tarczach i osadzanych war-stwach oraz zmniejsza ilość i wielkość naniesionych na powierzchnię cząstek.

EN

With increasing demand for high-performance and long-lasting cutting and forming tools, the members of this expanding class of superhard metals hold promise to address the shortcomings of traditional tool materials. Those shortcoming include their high cost (silicon nitride, cubic boron nitride, and diamond), their inability to cut ferrous metals due to chemical reactions (diamond), instability in the presence of humidity (cubic boron nitride) and relatively low hardness (tungsten carbide). Also the increasing industrial demand for protective coatings with high hardness, good elastic properties and thermal stability calls for the investigation of new material systems. Although transition metal (TM) nitrides are successfully applied for different tasks in automotive or aero-space industries, the search for improved materials is an ongoing topic, being far from its end. In this work the study on deposition of thin films made of new super-hard materials (SHM) such as tungsten boride are presented. Additionally, the influence of doping by titanium of those materials is investigated. Investigated films were deposited by the pul-sed laser deposition method. The used targets were synthetized by SPS method. The powders of boron and tungsten in 4.5 to 1 molar faction were used. The films deposited by PLD method have stoichiometric composition such as used targets. The WB2 and WB3 phase are dominant. Research carried out using SEM, XRD and nanoindentation test showed that the phase composition of the targets is more important in the case of laser deposition than magnetron. All obtained layers are very hard and thermally stable. In the case of magnetron sputtering, smooth layers were obtained while the layers depo-sited by the laser have a very high roughness. Titanium doping increases the amount of WB3 phase in the sintered discs, while it has no significant effect on the properties of the deposited layers.

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Effect of compaction pressure and heating rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Ti6Al4V alloy

Garbiec D., Siwak P., Mróz A.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, no. 4

702--707

EN

In the present paper, the use of spark plasma sintering on Ti6Al4V powder was investigated. Sintering experiments were conducted at the temperature of 1000°C for 5 min. The simultaneous effect of compaction pressures of 5, 25 and 50 MPa and heating rates of 200, 300 and 400°C/min on the structure, density, microhardness, elastic modulus and compressive strength were analyzed and ranged between 4.14 and 4.43 g/cm3, 293 and 373 HV0.05, 116 and 142 GPa, 1169 and 1414 MPa respectively. With increasing compaction pressure, the effect of an increase in grain size was observed. The obtained results show that very good mechanical properties can be achieved using spark plasma sintering at a rapid heating rate and already with the 25 MPa compaction pressure. The best results of microhardness (373 HV0.05) and compressive strength (1414 MPa) with an elastic modulus of 138 GPa were obtained by the compacts sintered under the compaction pressure of 50 MPa and at the heating rate of 300°C/min.

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Fabrication Of Zn4Sb3 Alloys By A Combination Of Gas-Atomization And Spark Plasma Sintering Processes

Dharmaiah P., Kim H.-S., Lee L. H., Hong S.-J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2015

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Vol. 60, iss. 2B

1417--1421

EN

In this study, single phase polycrystalline Zn4Sb3 as well as 11 at.% Zn-rich Zn4Sb3 alloy having ε-Zn4Sb3 (majority phase) and Zn (minority phase) phases bulk samples produced by gas-atomization and subsequently consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The crystal structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional microstructure were observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The internal grain microstructure of 11at.% Zn-rich Zn4Sb3 powders shows lamellar structure. Relative density, Vickers hardness and crack lengths were measured to investigate the effect of sintering temperature of Zn4Sb3 samples which are sintered at 653, 673 and 693 K. Relative density of the single phase bulk Zn4Sb3 sample reached to 99.2% of its theoretical density. The micro Vickers hardness of three different sintering temperatures were found around 2.17 – 2.236 GPa.

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Fabrication And Properties Of Silver Based Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composite Prepared By Spark Plasma Sintering Method

Lis M., Wrona A., Mazur J., Dupont C., Kamińska M., Kopyto D., Kwarciński M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2015

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Vol. 60, iss. 2B

1351--1355

EN

The paper presents results of investigations of the obtained nanocomposite materials based on silver with addition of multiwall carbon nanotubes. The powder of carbon nanotubes content from 0.1 to 3 wt. % was produced by application of powder metallurgy methods, through mixing and high-energetic milling, and also chemical methods. Modification of carbon nanotubes included electroless deposition of silver particles on the carbon nanotube active surfaces and chemical reduction with strong reducing agent – sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The obtained powder mixtures were consolidated by SPS – Spark Plasma Sintering method. The formed composites were subjected to tests of relative density, electrical conductivity and electro-erosion properties. Detailed examinations of the structure with application of X-ray microanalysis, with consideration of carbon nanotubes distribution, were also carried out. The effect of manufacturing methods on properties of the obtained composites was observed.

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Wytwarzanie materiałów termoelektrycznych na osnowie związku Bi2Te3 techniką spiekania plazmowego

Wrona A., Staszewski M., Mazur J., Kamińska M., Lis M., Osadnik M., Bilewska K.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

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2012

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R. 57, nr 11

765-770

PL

Analizowano możliwość otrzymywania związków międzymetalicznych Bi2Te3, Bi0,4Sb1,6Te3 i Bi2Te2,95Se0,05 za pomocą metody łączącej mechaniczną syntezę i iskrowe spiekanie plazmowe. Stwierdzono, że już samo mechaniczne stopowanie umożliwia otrzymanie związków Bi2Te3 i Bi2Te2,95Se0,05 w czystej postaci. W stopie o składzie Bi0,4Sb1,6Te3 dopiero spiekanie plazmowe powoduje pełne przereagowanie stopowanych metali. Konsolidacja otrzymanych proszków, metodą spiekania plazmowego w określonych warunkach, umożliwia zachowanie ich struktury nanokrystalicznej, uzyskanej podczas mechanicznego stopowania.

EN

A possibility of synthesis of Bi2Te3, Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and Bi2Te2.95Se0.05 intermetallic compounds through a method that combines mechanical alloying with spark plasma sintering was analyzed. It has been found that mechanical alloying already enables obtaining pure Bi2Te3 and Bi2Te2.95Se0.05 compounds. However, for Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 alloy spark plasma sintering is necessary to complete reaction between mechanically alloyed metals. Additionally consolidation of mechanically alloyed powders under specific conditions using spark plasma sintering preserves their nanocrystalline structure obtained during mechanical alloying.