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Dissolved oxygen variability in the southern Baltic Sea in 2013-2018

Rak Daniel, Walczowski Waldemar, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka Lidia, Shchuka Sergey

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (4PA)

525--537

EN

This paper discusses changes in the dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) in the southern Baltic Sea. The oxygenation of the whole water column was estimated. Monthly mean DOCs, as well as a detailed description of the annual surface layer dissolved oxygen (DO) cycle, are presented. The DO cycle at the surface is characterized by two maxima in March/April and November, and by two minima in July/August and December. The DO decline time after the major Baltic inflow (MBI) in 2014 was estimated at about 10 months for the Bornholm Deep and Słupsk Furrow. Whereas the Bornholm Basin was relatively well oxygenated, low oxygen concentrations (<4 mg l−1) were measured in the deep layer of the Gdańsk Deep throughout the inflow period. In addition, the cod spermatozoa activation layer together with the neutral egg buoyancy layer for the Bornholm Basin and Słupsk Furrow are discussed on the basis of the measured DOCs and the variability in hydrographic conditions.

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Modele doświadczalne w warunkach in vitro i in vivo wykorzystywane w badaniach na temat oddziaływania pola elektromagnetycznego na ludzkie tkanki - podsumowanie badań własnych prowadzonych w latach 2001-2014

Łopucki M., Grafka A., Bijak P.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2016

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R. 92, nr 1

102--104

PL

Mimo licznych badań, wpływ pól elektromagnetycznych na organizm ludzki nie jest jednoznaczny. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono podsumowanie doświadczeń własnych na temat wpływu pola elektromagnetycznego na wybrane tkanki ludzkie.

EN

Despite numerous studies the impact of electromagnetic fields on the human body is not unequivocal. This paper presents a summary of our own experience on the effects of electromagnetic fields of on selected human tissue.

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Evaluating the toxicity of reactive dyes and dyed fabrics with the Hepa-1 cytotoxicity test

Klemola K., Pearson J., Von Wright A., Liesivuori J., Lindström-Seppä P.

Autex Research Journal

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2007

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Vol. 7, no. 3

224--230

EN

We investigated the cytotoxicity of reactive dyes and dyed fabrics using an in vitro hepa-1 cytotoxicity test. Hepa-1-mouse cells were exposed to three monochlortriazinyl dyes: yellow, red and blue with different concentrations. The hepa-1-mouse cells were also exposed to water extracts of dyed fabrics. After 72 hours exposure, the viability of the cells was detected by measuring the protein content of the cells. The mean inhibitory concentration IC50, which shows the sample concentration when the protein content is 50%, was compared to the total protein content of the non-exposed cells. The inhibitory concentration IC20 value, which shows the sample concentration when the protein content is 80%, was also measured. The IC20 value shows the limiting value of low toxicity. The values measured showed high toxic effects of the dyes. The blue dye was shown to be the most toxic, although the red dye showed toxicity at the lowest concentrations. Wheras the pure dyes showed toxicity under low concentrations, the dyed fabrics showed no toxicity. The hepa-1 cytotoxicity test and the spermatozoa motility inhibition test supported each other, giving similar results. Both tests can be used when studying the toxicity of textile substances.

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Evaluating the toxicity of reactive dyes and fabrics with the spermatozoa motility inhibition test

Klemola K., Honkalampi-Hämäläinen U., Liesivuori J., Pearson J., Lindström-Seppä P.

Autex Research Journal

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2006

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Vol. 6, no. 3

182--190

EN

In this study, the toxicity of reactive dyes and dyed fabrics was investigated using spermatozoa cells in vitro. Boar semen was exposed to different concentrations of monochlorotriazinyl dyes: yellow, red and blue. The spermatozoa cells were also exposed to extracts of dyed fabrics. After 24 and 72 hours respectively, the viability of the cells was evaluated by microscopy. The mean inhibitor concentrations IC50, showing the concentration of the dye when half of the cells are dead compared to the control sample, were calculated from the viability values. After 24 hours' exposure, the IC50 value calculated for the yellow dye was 135µg/ml, and after 72 hours 60µg/ml. The IC50 value for the red dye was 124µg/ml after 24 hours, and 46µg/ml after 72 hours. The IC50 value for the blue dye after 24 hours was 127µg/ml. After 72 hours, the blue dye caused high toxicity: more than half the cells were dead. Cotton fabrics dyed using these three reactive dyestuffs were extracted by water and analysed by the spermatozoa motility inhibition test. The viability of the cells when exposed to fabric extracts was good. However, after 72 hours' exposure, the standard deviation and coefficient of variation values for cell viability of fabric extracts were large. The spermatozoa inhibition test indicated the toxicity of pure dyes, the dyed fabrics having no adverse effects. The spermatozoa test seems to be useful when screening different substances and when used in addition to other tests. The spermatozoa motility inhibition test can be used for textile material studies.