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Characteristics of Wastes Produced by Polish Ferrous Alloys Casting Foundries between the Years 2010–2014

Skrzyński Mateusz

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 3, no. 4

71--75

EN

The balance of wastes originating from the foundry processes of ferrous alloys, prepared on the basis of data made available by the Polish Central Statistical Office, is presented in this paper. The kind and amount of individual foundry wastes subjected to management and storage by foundry plants were analysed. The problem of wastes between the years 2010–2016 is discussed on the national scale, as well as in individual regions or voivodeships. Altogether, 27,375.9 tons of waste from the group no. 10, of which non-ferrous metal and ferrous alloy wastes from foundry plants constituted 2%, were produced in Poland in 2010. This situation remained at a similar level over successive years, till 2014. The positive prognosis constitutes the fact that the amount of waste stored on dumping grounds belonging to foundry plants in Poland is gradually decreasing. This may be related to increasing costs of waste storage. During the tested years, the annual amount of gathered waste decreased from 4,796.6 thousand tons (in 2010) to 4,477.6 thousand tons (in 2014).

2

Primary Used Sand Reclamation Process Efficiency

Skrzyński M., Dańko R.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 1

29--34

EN

The results of the efficiency of the primary reclamation process as well as the influence of the used sand temperature and other process parameters on it are presented in this paper. A separate stand realized on a reduced scale was built, which is an analogous process of the primary reclamation treatment of spent foundry sands. The used sands were introduced to the crushing process in an agglomerated form in the way typically used in industrial devices. The primary reclamation process was realized on a set of four horizontal sieves with decreasing mesh clearances while maintaining their geometrical dimensions applied in the Regmas industrial device. The model system consists of a vibratory drive mounted on the table, allowing us to control the supply frequency of the vibratory motors within a range of 40-60 Hz as well as the computer system for measuring the vibration parameters and drive power. The used sand on the quartz matrix with the KALTHARZ U404 resin and 100T3 hardener was used in our investigations. The used sand was prepared under the following conditions: cubic-shaped elements made of the applied furan sand was compacted by vibrations then hardened and subjected to heating under controlled conditions (as a “simulation” of the overheating process taking place in the mold after pouring). Time functions of the crushing and sieving process in dependence of the overheating degree of the reference sand samples (100°, 200°, and 300°C) were investigated at various table vibration frequencies and feed loads of the sieve set. The relative index of the crushing ability was determined.

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Alternatywne kierunki wykorzystania odpadów odlewniczych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem energetycznego zagospodarowania

Bożym M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN

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2018

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nr 105

197--211

PL

W artykule przedstawiono kierunki zagospodarowania odpadów odlewniczych, przede wszystkim zużytych piasków formierskich (SFS – Spent Foundry Sands) oraz pyłu po regeneracji mas odlewniczych. Ważnym aspektem ochrony środowiska w produkcji odlewniczej jest ograniczenie ilości wytwarzanych odpadów. Można to osiągnąć poprzez regenerację SFS. Dzięki temu powtórnie wykorzystuje się odpady, co zmniejsza koszty zakupu surowców i opłaty środowiskowe związane z ich składowaniem. Zużyte piaski formierskie, które nie nadają się do powtórnego wykorzystania w odlewniach, mogą być stosowane w innych dziedzinach przemysłu. SFS stosuje się najczęściej w drogownictwie i budownictwie oraz jako materiał inertny do wypełniania nieczynnych kopalni (Smoluchowska i Zgut 2005; Bany-Kowalska 2006). Ciekawym rozwiązaniem jest stosowanie SFS w ogrodnictwie i rolnictwie. W artykule przedstawiono zalety i wady takiego wykorzystania. Stwierdzono, że zużyte piaski formierskie mogą być przydatne do produkcji mieszanek glebowych dla wielu zastosowań rolniczych i ogrodniczych. Ze względu na możliwość zanieczyszczenia środowiska metalami ciężkimi i związkami organicznymi takie stosowanie zaleca się dla tak zwanych green sands, czyli SFS ze spoiwami mineralnymi. Poza tym omówiono – proponowane przez niektórych badaczy – nowatorskie rozwiązanie energetycznego wykorzystania pyłów po regeneracji SFS ze spoiwami organicznymi. Okazuje się, że pyły z regeneracji zużytych piasków formierskich ze spoiwami organicznymi, ze względu na wysoki udział substancji organicznych, decydujących o ich wartości opałowej oraz krzemionki, mogą być wykorzystane jako paliwo alternatywne i surowiec w piecach cementowych.

EN

The article presents the directions of foundry waste management, mainly used for spent foundry sands (SFS) and dust after the reclamation of this waste. An important aspect of environmental protection in foundry production is the reduction of the amount of generated waste as a result of SFS regeneration. The advantage is the reuse of waste, which reduces the costs of raw materials purchase and environmental fees for landfilling. Non -recycled spent foundry sands can be used in other industries. SFS is most often used in road and construction industries as well as inert material in closed mines (Smoluchowska and Zgut 2005; Bany-Kowalska 2006). An interesting direction of using SFS is its application in gardening and agriculture. The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of such use. It was found that spent foundry sands can be useful for the production of soil mixtures for many agricultural and horticultural applications. Due to the possibility of environmental pollution with heavy metals and organic compounds, such an application is recommended for the so-called green sands, i.e. SFS with mineral binders. In addition, an innovative solution for the energy use of dusts after spent foundry sands reclamation with organic binders has been discussed and proposed by some researchers. It was shown that dust from reclaimed SFS with organic binders can be used as an alternative fuel and raw material in cement kilns, due to the high percentage of organic substances which determine their calorific value and silica.