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EN
In many cases, the effects of road accidents have significant impact on human health. This translates directly into society, in both material and emotional terms. The severity of the injury in a road event depends largely on the speed of the vehicles. Excessive vehicle speed is of particular concern in incidents involving vulnerable road users. As confirmed by literature analysis and research, in most cases drivers do not respect the speed limits introduced by the road signs. Existing solutions allow to introduce permanent or temporary speed control. This paper investigates speeding and driver behaviour in built-up areas near schools and pedestrian crossings. The aim of the research described in the paper is to determine the influence of the effectiveness of police actions on speed reduction and improvement of road safety.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań redukcji prędkości na przejściu drogi wojewódzkiej przez przykładową wieś. Badania warunków ruchu wykonano trzykrotnie: przed przebudową, po przebudowie i po ostatecznym zastosowaniu wszystkich elementów uspokojenia ruchu zaplanowanych przez drogowców i urbanistów zajmujących się kształtowaniem otoczenia drogi. Analiza wyników przeprowadzonych badań wykazała, że same szykany wybudowane w strefach wjazdowych do wsi nie zapewniają redukcji prędkości na przejściu drogi tranzytowej przez wieś. Dopiero zastosowanie środków uspokojenia ruchu wraz z elementami kształtowania otoczenia drogi spowodowały, że nastąpiła oczekiwana redukcja prędkości, zapewniająca lepsze warunki środowiskowe i powodująca zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa ruchu.
EN
The paper presents results of speed reduction measurements on a regional road in Wrzosowa village. Measurements of road conditions were conducted three times, before the reconstruction, after it and after the introduction of all the elements of traffic calming, as designed by road builders and urban planners responsible for the development of the vicinity of the road. Analysis of results showed that the chicanes constructed in the entry zones to the village, if used alone, did not provide speed reduction along the throughway cutting through the village. It was only a combination of traffic calming devices and elements of road vicinity development that brought about the expected speed reduction, providing better environmental conditions and improved road safety.
EN
Driving speed is one of the most important factors in road safety, and speed not only affects the severity of a crash, but is also related to the risk of being involved in a crash. Inappropriate speed is responsible for more than a third of all fatal accidents occurring on the roads. In Poland, the problem of speeding drivers is widely common. Hence, effective speed management and enforcement of speed limits on existing road plays an important role. Possible solutions for rural roads are very limited and have focused mainly on administrative speed limitations and speed cameras enforcement. However, due to their limited effectiveness, new solutions are still being sought. High expectations are associated with the latest introduction of sectional speed system in Poland. The aim of this paper is to examine the efficiency of the sectional speed control system implemented on chosen sections of national roads in Podlaskie province. For this purpose, speed surveys included road segments where the system for sectional spede control had been already implemented, as well as in order to evaluate its effectiveness, speed measurements were conducted on other national roads with no further specific restrictions. In addition, to evaluate the possible influence of the sections monitored by the system on driver’s behaviour on adjacent segments, the relevant speed data was collected on adherent sectors. On the basis of the conducted measurements, high effectiveness of sectional speed control system was stated together with its impact on adjoining segments, but also some deficiency in terms of speed homogeneity has been revealed.
PL
W artykule opisano dotychczasowe doświadczenia zastosowania poziomych znaków niestandardowych jako sposobu na zarządzanie prędkością. Przedstawiono wybrane przykłady omawianych znaków stosowanych w praktyce zagranicznej. Na podstawie studiów literatury opisano wyniki badań wpływu poziomych znaków niestandardowych na prędkość pojazdów. Ponadto wskazano podstawowe metody badawcze i mierniki wykorzystywane w ocenie skuteczności omawianego oznakowania.
EN
The paper presents previous experience of the use of non-standard road marking as a speed management measure. Selected examples of discussed road marking, commonly used in foreign practice, were presented. Based on literature review, selected results of impact of non-standard road marking on vehicles speed were presented. The article also presents basic research methods and measures used in evaluation of effectiveness of non-standard road marking implementation.
EN
The article presents the issue of the implementation of speed management measures on regional roads, whose character requires the use of different solutions than those on national roads. The authors briefly described speed management measures, the conditions for their implementation and their effectiveness with reference to environmental conditions and road safety. The further part of the paper presents selected results of the authors' research into the speed on various road segments equipped with different speed management measures. The estimations were made as to the impact of local speed limits and traffic calming measures on drivers' behaviour in free flow conditions. This research found that the introduction of the local speed limits cause reduction in average speed and 85th percentile speed up to 11.9 km/h (14.4%) and 16.3 km/h (16.8%) respectively. These values are averaged in the tested samples. Speed reduction depends strongly on the value of the limit and local circumstances. Despite speed reduction, the share of drivers who do not comply with speed limits was still high and ranged from 43% in the case of a 70 km/h limit, up to 89% for a 40 km/h limit. As far as comprehensive traffic calming measures are concerned, results show decrease in average speed and 85th percentile speed up to 18.1 km/h and 20.8 km/h respectively. For some road segments, however, the values of average speed and 85th percentile speed increased. It confirms that the effectiveness of speed management measures is strongly determined by local circumstances.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono problem wdrażania zarządzania prędkością na drogach regionalnych, których specyfika wymaga stosowania odmiennych rozwiązań niż na drogach krajowych. Syntetycznie opisano środki zarządzania prędkością, warunki ich wdrażanie i skuteczność. W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono wybrane wyniki własnych badań prędkości na odcinkach z różnymi środkami zarządzania prędkością. Oszacowano wpływ lokalnych ograniczeń prędkości i środków uspokojenia ruchu na zachowania kierujących pojazdami w ruchu swobodnym.
EN
The article presents difficulties connected with speed management implementation on local roads. Because of their specific character, local roads require different solutions than national roads. Types of speed management measures, conditions for their implementation and effectiveness were also described. Results of own speed studies carried out on road segments with different speed management measures have been shown. The paper also presents impact of local speed limits and traffic calming measures on drivers behavior in free flow conditions.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki pilotażowych pomiarów prędkości na zamiejskich skrzyżowaniach z sygnalizacją świetlną. Przeanalizowano podstawowe charakterystyki prędkości na skrzyżowaniach oraz zbadano ich wpływ na redukcję prędkości. Wyniki analiz wskazują na celowość wyspecyfikowania w dalszych badaniach czynników pozwalających na redukcję prędkości pojazdów na skrzyżowaniu w zależności od jego lokalizacji i ukształtowania geometrycznego.
EN
The paper presents the results of preliminary speed measurements conducted at rural signalized intersections. Basic characteristics of speed at intersections as well as their impact on speed reduction were analyzed. The results of the analyses indicate a neces-sity of specification in further analyses factors affecting speed which should be taken into account in the speed reduction of vehicles at intersection depending on its location and an intersection geometry.
8
Content available Dynamic traffic management systems on A4 motorways
EN
The A4 Motorway is the key transport connection in southern Poland and carries domestic and international traffic in the east-west direction. In 2008 a traffic management system based on variable message signs (VMS) was designed for the General Directorate of National Roads and Motorways. The system covers a section of 165 km of the A4 Motorway between the interchanges Bielany (Lower Silesia) and Sośnica (Silesia). The main purpose of the system is to ensure seamless traffic flows and road safety. Thanks to the application of VMS and a dynamic transfer of data and information the functions of the system include traffic control, speed management, alternative route guidance, traffic information and weather warnings. The design stage of the system included the mapping of data sources, grouping of potential traffic incidents, development of message signs, setting out of actuation procedures and sequences of message display as well as outlining of communications procedures and decision making process by the administrator of the system. A lot of attention was given to factors providing for reliability of the system and credibility of messages.
PL
Nadmierna prędkość na drogach krajowych jest bezpośrednią lub pośrednią przyczyną wypadków z ofiarami. W artykule opisano strategię ograniczenia tego typu zdarzeń i zachowań kierowców, poprzez różne środki zarządzania prędkością. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono intensyfikacji nadzoru nad ruchem z wykorzystaniem automatycznego nadzoru nad prędkością, a także efektywność tych rozwiązań i ogólne uwarunkowania wdrażania zarządzania prędkością na drogach krajowych.
EN
Excessive speed on national roads is the direct or indirect cause of casualty accidents. The paper presents a strategy for reducing this type of incidents and influencing driver behaviour using various traffic management measures. Special attention is paid to speed management intensification, effectiveness of the solutions and a general policy of speed management on national roads.
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