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Assessment of groundwater vulnerability mapping methods for sustainable water resource management: An overview

Moges Simeneh Shiferaw, Dinka Megersa Olumana

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

186--198

EN

Groundwater is a vital resource for domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities, as well as for ecosystem services. Despite this, the resource is under significant threat, due to increasing contamination from anthropogenic activities. Therefore, to ensure its reliability for present and future use, effective management of groundwater is important not only in terms of quantity (i.e. abstraction) but also quality. This can be achieved by identifying areas that are more vulnerable to contamination and by implementing protective measures. To identify the risk and delineate areas that are more exposed to pollution, various groundwater vulnerability assessment techniques have been developed across the globe. This paper presents an overview of some of the commonly used groundwater vulnerability assessment models in terms of their unique features and their application. Special emphasis is placed on statistical methods and overlay-index techniques. The assessment of the literature shows that statistical methods are limited in application to the assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution because they rely heavily on the availability of sufficient and quality data. However, in areas where extensive monitoring data are available, these methods estimate groundwater vulnerability more realistically in quantitative terms. Many works of research indicate that index-overlay methods are used extensively and frequently in groundwater vulnerability assessments. Due to the qualitative nature of these models, however, they are still subject to modification. This study offers an overview of a selection of relevant groundwater vulnerability assessment techniques under a specific set of hydro-climatic and hydrogeological conditions.

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Assessment of characteristics, water quality and groundwater vulnerability in Pakis District, East Java Province, Indonesia

Rubiantoro Prasetyo, Bisri Mohammad, Afandhi Aminudin

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

124--132

EN

Groundwater is a very important natural resource to support the activities of the residents of Pakis District, Malang Regency. On the other hand, increased activity puts pressure on groundwater quality. Agricultural intensification, urbanisation, and industrialisation can be sources of pollutants. Hydrological factors, topography, lithology, and surrounding rainfall are triggers for contamination of groundwater. The main objective of this research is to determine the characteristics, quality of groundwater, and its susceptibility to pollution. To complete this research, geoelectric measurements were carried out at 43 points spread throughout the study area and sampling of 18 shallow wells in agricultural, residential, and industrial areas for chemical analysis. All data obtained were analysed to create a map of the spatial distribution of groundwater vulnerability. The results show that the groundwater in the study location is in the transition zone and flows through the volcanic rock layers. The level of groundwater pollution is in the uncontaminated status to heavily polluted with pollutants in the form of heavy metal manganese and Escherichia coli bacteria. The spatial distribution of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability shows low, moderate, and high levels of vulnerability, respectively 32.99%, 60.87%, and 6.14% of the research area. Groundwater specific vulnerability associated with land use factors shows that 26.25% are negligible, 42.46% are low, and 31.29% are moderate. From this it can be concluded that the study area has been polluted both geogenically and anthropogenically, therefore, special actions must be taken to restore the quality of groundwater.

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Podatność naturalna i specyficzna wód podziemnych na zanieczyszczenia w dolinie rzecznej

Krogulec E.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2011

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nr 445 Hydrogeologia z. 12/1

337--343

PL

Badania podatności wód podziemnych na zanieczyszczenia zostały przeprowadzone dla obszaru Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego (KPN) i jego otuliny. Ocenę podatności naturalnej przeprowadzono przy zastosowaniu metody DRASTIC, natomiast do oceny podatności specyficznej wykorzystano rozszerzoną formułę DRASTIC uwzględniającą potencjalne ryzyka związane z zagospodarowaniem terenu oraz wskaźnik określający potencjalne zagrożenie zanieczyszczeniem wód podziemnych azotanami. Obszar badań charakteryzuje się średnio wysoką (51% obszaru) i średnią (37% obszaru) podatnością naturalną na zanieczyszczenie. Pozostałe klasy podatności występują na znacznie mniejszym obszarze. Ocena podatności specyficznej wskazuje, że na obszarze badań występuje głównie średnio wysoka (55% obszaru) i średnia (33% obszaru) podatność specyficzna, po uwzględnieniu potencjalnego zagrożenia wód podziemnych związanego z zagospodarowaniem terenu, oraz niska (68% obszaru) i średnia (22% obszaru) podatność po uwzględnieniu wskaźnika określającego zagrożenie zanieczyszczeniem azotanami.

EN

The research of groundwater vulnerability to contamination has been conducted in the area of Kampinoski National Park (KNP) and its buffer zone. The assessment of the intrinsic vulnerability has been carried out using a method of DRASTIC while to assess the specific vulnerability an extended formula of DRASTIC has been used. The extended formula considers the potential risks associated with land development and an indicator quantifying the groundwater potential risk of nitrate. The study area is characterized by medium-high (51% of the area) and average (37% of the area) of intrinsic vulnerability to contamination. Other classes of vulnerability occur on a much smaller area. The assessment of specific vulnerability indicates that on the study area, after taking into account the potential risk of groundwater associated with land development, there is mainly medium-high (66% of the area) and medium (33% of area) vulnerability, however after taking into account an indicator quantifying the groundwater potential risk of nitrate, the vulnerability is low (68% of the area) and medium (22% of the area).