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Research on Competitiveness in Technical Textiles: Comparison of Countries Having the Lion's Share of Technical Textile World Exports and Turkey

Karabay Gülseren, Sarıçoban Kazım

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2021

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Vol. 29, no. 6 (150)

22--31

EN

After the end of quotas in 2005, Turkey and many other countries confronted fierce competition from countries having cheap labour. Producing technical textile products that require high technology and skilled labour is one way to cope with this competition. The degree of specialisation (comparative cost advantage) and export competitiveness of Turkey in technical textiles is gaining significance. Therefore, this study aims to examine comparatively the level of specialisation and export competitiveness of Turkey and the countries with the lion’s share in world exports of technical textiles in the period 2008-2019. Technical textile products are not coded under a specific category in the HS system, thus Turkey’s technical textile product groups, which are reported by the exporters’ association, were examined in this research. In this context, there are a total of 39 technical textile product groups consisting of 4-digit and 6-digit product groups. In this study, in which the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) method was used, Relative trade advantage (RTA), net export advantage (NEI), and relative export advantage (RXA) analyses were performed for technology classification. Considering the RTA results, the number of product groups in which China, Korea, USA, Turkey, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, Vietnam and Mexico gained a competitive advantage is 33, 23, 23, 22, 22, 21, 20, 16, 14, 11 and 10, in sequence. Under the NEI results, which measure the country’s own commercial performance, the number of product groups that China, Korea, Germany, Japan, Italy, Belgium, Turkey, USA, France, Vietnam and Mexico specialised in is 38, 22, 22, 22, 22, 19, 18, 17, 15, 11 and 10, respectively. According to the results, Turkey has high positive NEI (close to +1) and RTA values especially in the product groups of 540219 (high tenacity yarn other than textured yarn/sewing thread, of nylon/other polyamides, not put up for retail sale), 540600 (man-made filament yarn (other than sewing thread)), and 630533 (sacks & bags of the kind used for the packing of goods, of polyethylene/polypropylene strip/the like). Turkey specialised in these products above the world average (RTA) and in the export of them from the domestic market (NEI). On the contrary, both NEI (close to -1) and RTA values are negative in the product groups of 540220 (high tenacity yarn other than textured yarn/sewing thread, of polyester.), 6113 (garments, knitted or crocheted, rubberised or impregnated, coated or covered with plastics or other materials), 540211 (high tenacity yarn other than textured yarn/sewing thread, of aramid.), and 540310 (high tenacity yarn other than sewing thread, of viscose rayon.). Turkey specialised in these products below the world average and in the import of these products to the domestic market. In the RXA analysis conducted according to the technology classification for technical textile exporting countries, it was determined that other countries except Turkey specialised in R&D-based product groups above the world average and had gained a competitive advantage.

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Formal and professional requirements for medical, paramedical and technical staff of hyperbaric centres. Part 2

Siermontowski Piotr, Skrzyński Stanisław

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2020

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nr 1(70)

7--20

EN

This two-part article reviews the current legal situation of professional personnel implementing hyperbaric procedures other than those used for diving. Numerous inconsistencies between the existing legal acts and the lack of legal regulations concerning procedures not financed from the State budget are shown. The first significant problem was the lack of mutual correlation of various regulations of the Minister of Health concerning hyperbaric diseases, as well as incoherence with medical and nursing specialisation programs in force in Poland. The second problem is the lack of requirements in the documents of the Ministry of Health for medical staff other than doctors and nurses, including technical staff, necessary for the implementation of a safe oxybarotherapy procedure. The situation is clearer with respect to technical personnel than in relation to medical personnel. There are provisions which strictly define the qualifications of such staff for a very narrow group of technical personnel. Although they deal with issues related to the use of hyperbaric chambers in diving, to date no other separate regulations have been developed for medical applications of hyperbaric therapy. Unfortunately, both in centres financed by the National Health Fund and in private centres, no-one observes these regulations because there is no such formal requirement. The same applies to occupational research (occupational medicine) for all groups of personnel involved in hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatments. It was also found that medical hyperbaric centres not seeking funding from the budget (the National Health Fund) do not have even minimum qualification requirements for the medical staff working there. Furthermore, there is no knowledge of the requirements set out in other legal acts other than those concerning medicine.

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Wymogi formalne i fachowe stawiane personelowi ośrodków hiperbarycznych. Cz. 1

Siermontowski P., Janas B., Olszański R.

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2017

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nr 4(61)

7--14

PL

W dwuczęściowym artykule dokonano przeglądu aktualnej sytuacji prawnej personelu fachowego wykonującego procedury hiperbaryczne inne, niż nurkowe. Wykazano liczne sprzeczności pomiędzy obowiązującymi aktami prawnymi i brak regulacji prawnych dotyczących procedur nie finansowanych z budżetu Państwa. Pierwszym istotnym problemem był brak korelacji różnych, dotyczących hiperbarii Rozporządzeń Ministra Zdrowia a także niespójności z obowiązującymi w Polsce programami specjalizacji lekarskich. Drugi problem to brak określenia w dokumentach Ministerstwa Zdrowia wymagań w stosunku do innego niż lekarze i pielęgniarki personelu medycznego. Stwierdzono także, że medyczne ośrodki hiperbaryczne nie ubiegające się o finansowanie z budżetu (NFZ) nie mają określonych nawet minimalnych wymagań co do kwalifikacji pracującego w nich personelu. Brak jest także znajomości wymagań określonych w innych niż dotyczące medycyny aktach prawnych.

EN

This two-part article reviews the current legal situation of specialist staff performing hyperbaric procedures for purposes not related to diving. Numerous discrepancies between the applicable legal acts and the lack of legal regulations concerning procedures not financed from the state budget have been noted. The first significant problem consisted in the lack of a correlation between various Regulations of the Minister of Health concerning hyperbaric oxygenation, as well as inconsistencies with the programmes of medical specialisation effective in Poland. The second problem is the lack of determination requirements of medical personnel other than doctors and nurses in the documents of the Ministry of Health. It was also found that medical hyperbaric centres which do not apply for funding from the budget (National Health Fund), do not even meet the minimum requirements defined as to the qualifications of the staff working there. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge of the requirements set out in legal acts other than those concerning medicine.

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Ocena wyposażenia wybranych gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka w sprzęt rolniczy

Kapela K., Jabłonka R., Woliński J.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2011

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R. 15, nr 1

97-101

PL

Dokonano analizy wyposażenia w sprzęt rolniczy 52 losowo wybranych gospodarstw z województwa podlaskiego specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka. Stwierdzono, że wszystkie gospodarstwa posiadały w swoim parku maszynowym pług, przetrząsaczo-zgrabiarkę oraz rozsiewacz nawozów. Średni wiek maszyn wynosił około 13 lat. W gospodarstwach użytkowano łącznie 125 ciągników. Najwięcej ciągników w przeliczeniu na 100 ha UR było w gospodarstwach najmniejszych - do 15 ha (19,6 szt.), najmniej natomiast (7,1 szt.) w gospodarstwach największych - powyżej 30 ha.

EN

The research involved analysis of provision with farm equipment, carried out for 52 randomly selected farms from Podlaskie Voivodeship specialised in milk production. It was observed that each of the farms had the following equipment in their stock of machine tools: plough, tedderrake and fertiliser distributor. Average machine age was approximately 13 years. In total, 125 tractors were operated in the farms. The smallest farms (sized up to 15 ha) possessed the highest number of tractors per 100 ha of arable land - 19.6 pcs., and for the largest farms (over 30 ha) that number was the lowest (7.1 pcs.).

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Postępowanie kwalifikacyjne przy ubieganiu się przez diagnostę laboratoryjnego o rozpoczęcie specjalizacji

Stychlerz A.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2007

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nr 4

52--53

PL

Jednym z warunków rozpoczęcia specjalizacji przez diagnostę laboratoryjnego jest przystąpienie do postępowania kwalifikacyjnego. Jest to związane ze spełnieniem szeregu wymagań przewidzianych w przepisach prawa. Artykuł ten omawia warunki, jakie powinien spełnić diagnosta laboratoryjny, aby przystąpić do postępowania kwalifikacyjnego, oraz sam przebieg tego postępowania.

EN

One of the conditions for laboratory diagnostician to start specialisation is to adhere to qualification proceedings. This is linked to a few requirements which are provoded for in legal provisions. This paper describes the conditions which shall be fulfilled by a laboratory diagnostician to start qualification oriceedings, and the course of these proceedings.