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Visual parameters of Polish special schools students

Buczkowska H., Miskowiak B

Optica Applicata

2014

Vol. 44, nr 2

227--236

The purpose of this study was to coduct a visual screening of students in special schools with a set of tests chosen by the faculty and staff of the Department of Optometry and Visual System Biology of Poznań University of Medical Sciences. Students mentally handicapped (N = 318) between the age of 7 and 22 (mean age 14.4 ± 2.84) were screened. Group 1 were children aged 7 to 12 (n = 65), group 2 were subjects aged 13 to 16 (n = 167) and group 3 included people aged between 17 and 22 (n = 86). The scope of the screening included: auto-refractometer (Shin-Nippon A type) without cycloplegia, visual acuity for distance, positive lens test +1.00 D (diopter), spatial vision (stereo) at near, color vision and near point of convergence. 72 children (22.6%) were prescribed correction, but only 30 children actually wore glasses on a permanent basis (9.4%). Of those not using correction (n = 288): in group 1 the adopted criteria for visual acuity for the right eye were not met by the 38% of the respondents or 35% for the left eye; group 2 – 36% of the respondents failed (right eye) and 31% (left eye); 50% of students in group 3 did not meet the visual acuity criterion. Stereo was failed in groups 1 and 3 by almost 60% while in group 2 the test was failed by 47% of the respondents. The results of the refraction revealed a small degree of myopia in each eye of 38% in the entire sample. Hyperopia was found in 42% (right eye) of the students whereas 44% (left eye) in the entire sample. Astigmatism ranging from 0.75 to 2.00 D was noted in the case of 32% of people. This study indicates the need for a systematic vision screening, more than just visual acuity at distance, among the students in special schools.

Projektowanie i wdrażanie do produkcji nowych środków dydaktycznych dla szkolnictwa specjalnego – nowym kierunkiem działania COBRABID PWD

Kasperowicz J., Trojanowska-Sznajder A.

Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

2008

T. 13, nr 2

83--86

Autorzy w dużym skrócie przedstawiają konieczność prowadzenia prac nad wdrożeniem do produkcji nowych środków dydaktycznych dla szkół specjalnych. Przedstawiają także niektóre przykłady prac.

The authors in this outline present the necessity to carry out some works and activities in order to implement into the production the new educational aids for special needs of educational system. In addition examples of such works are also presented.