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1

Zastosowanie stereowizji we wspomaganiu operatorów monitoringu wizyjnego

Balcerek J., Dąbrowski A., Konieczka A.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2014

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Vol. 55, nr 4

9-13

PL

W artykule przedstawiono propozycję automatycznego systemu wspierającego pracę operatorów monitoringu. Jest on oparty na opcjonalnym narzędziu stereowizyjnym, które pozwala utrzymywać koncentrację operatora w sytuacjach wymagających rozpoznawania przez niego zagrożeń. Opracowana metoda generowania wrażeń trójwymiarowych polega na sterowaniu postrzeganą głębią dla sekwencji obrazów dwuwymiarowych (2D) lub obrazów trójwymiarowych (3D). Metoda ta może być zastosowana w systemach monitoringu 2D i 3D. Przeprowadzono eksperymenty dotyczące postrzegania jakości całego obrazu i postrzeganego zakresu głębi na oryginalnych obrazach 2D, obrazach po konwersji 2D do 3D, oryginalnych obrazach 3D i przetworzonych obrazach 3D. Zaproponowana metoda znacząco zwiększa postrzeganą głębię przy zachowaniu akceptowalnego poziomu jakości całego obrazu przy i braku zniekształceń w obszarach obserwowanych obiektów, co poprawia rozpoznawanie zagrożeń.

EN

In this paper an automatic supporting system for monitoring operators is proposed. It is based on an optional stereovision tool, which allows to sustain the operator’s concentration in situations demanding the manual threat recognition and is based on generation of 3D impressions with the control of perception of the object depth in 2D and 3D video streams. The object depth control is considered as well in 2D monitoring systems with the novel 2D to 3D conversion scheme as in the inherently 3D monitoring systems. The experiments for examination of the overall image quality and the perceived scene depth, in order to enhance the perceived depth impressions, were conducted on: original 2D images, images after 2D to 3D conversion, original 3D images, and processed 3D images. It results from the conducted experiments that the proposed method significantly enhances the perceived scene depth range maintaining an acceptable overall image quality and no visible distortions within regions of the observed monitoring scene objects, thus it improves recognition of threats.

2

Kreowanie przestrzennego postrzegania obiektów zabytkowych w oświetleniu sztucznym na przykładzie parlamentu prowincji Alberta w Kanadzie

Wachta H.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2012

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z. 59, nr 2/II/II

811--822

PL

W referacie przedstawiono możliwości wzmacniania przestrzennego postrzegania obiektów architektonicznych w porze nocnej za pośrednictwem oświetlenia iluminacyjnego. Wstępnie omówiono środowiskowe (związane z oświetleniem naturalnym) przesłanki korzystnego rozkładu plam świetlnych w przestrzeni. Następnie zaproponowano wykorzystanie wybranych zasad iluminacji do akcentowania formy geometrycznej obiektu zabytkowego. Wreszcie na przykładzie obiektu rzeczywistego – Parlamentu Prowincji Alberta w Edmonton, zilustrowano praktyczne wykorzystanie zasad iluminacji, poprawiających jego przestrzenne postrzeganie. Prace prowadzono na drodze symulacji komputerowych, wykorzystujących format IES modeli reflektorów oraz uzyskane w wyniku obliczeń świetlnych rozkłady przestrzenne luminancji na iluminowanych powierzchniach obiektu.

EN

The author in present paper refers to the possibility of strengthening the spatial perception of the architectural buildings at night with a mediation of illumination lighting. It was initially talked over the environmental and (connected with natural lighting) the premise of profitable schedule of light spots in space. Then the author proposed exploiting the chosen principles of illumination to accentuation the geometrical model of the antique building. The practical use of the principles of illumination, adjusting the spatial perception, was illustrated then with the example of the real building – The Parliament of Alberta's Province in Edmonton. The works were realized with the computer simulations with use of the IES models of the reflectors, and also with got in results of the lighting calculations, the spatial schedules of luminance on the illuminated surfaces of the building.

3

O prezentacji kartograficznej wyników badań map poznawczych

Gendźwiłł A.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2009

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T. 41, nr 2

115-127

PL

Autor omawia metody prezentacji kartograficznej, stosowane najczęściej do ilustracji wyników badania map poznawczych, tzn. poznawczych reprezentacji przestrzeni. W artykule zostały wyróżnione i opisane dwa nurty badań: strukturalny, wywodzący się z badań strukturyzacji przestrzeni K. Lyncha i ewaluatywny, wywodzący się z badań preferencji przestrzennych P. Goulda. Zostały także omówione najważniejsze problemy metodologiczne każdego z tych nurtów, związane z prezentacją kartograficzną wyników badań.

EN

Results of the research of cognitive maps require appropriate cartographic presentation. Cognitive maps are cognitive presentations of space, parts of long-term memory which during research are expressed e.g. in the form of distance estimation, localization assessment or sketch maps. Aggregated data from such research is presented in various graphic forms: diagrammatic or cartographic. The article presents two currents of research of cognitive maps: structural and evaluative. The first originates from K. Lynch's The image of the city (1960) and focuses on acquisition of the information which is vital for the researched group (through determining the frequency of particular elements on cognitive maps) and perception of mutual links of those elements (by analyzing the perception of distance and shape distortion). The second current comes from P. Gould's On mental maps (1966) and concentrates on the research of evaluation of space fragments by a certain group, mostly the users of the particular space. As examples of structural mapping the article presents Lynch maps created using the quantitative signatures method, maps of dispersed locations and maps of location errors. Evaluative mapping is represented by maps of area ranging done with the choropleth method, maps of preference areas done with isoline method and psychocartography maps. In the section devoted to methodology the author stresses how the characteristics of particular research methods affect the presentation of research results. Validity and reliability of measurement, the issue of spatial scale and the question of sampling are all discussed.

4

Headphone processor based on individualized head related transfer functions measured in listening room

Mickiewicz W., Sawicki J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Telekomunikacji i Akustyki Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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2004

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Vol. 85, nr 29

101-109

EN

Listening by headphones in opposition to a loudspeaker reproduction introduces changes in the perception of acoustic atmosphere and spaciousness (lateralization effect). This can be improved using the Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) technology. In contrast to previous works we propose a method based on the individualized HRTFs measured simply by the end-user in the acoustic conditions of listening room using own hi-fi set. It gives better subjective results even using standard equipment and a proper post processing (equalization) then available on the market products based on non-individual filters. We present an idea based on individualized Head&Room Related Transfer Function, the algorithm and technical details of individualized headphones processor. All necessary processing can be done in DSP or FPGA to create an PC-independent consumer-electronics unit.

PL

Odsłuch słuchawkowy w porównaniu z odsłuchem przez głośniki wprowadza zaburzenia w przestrzennym odbiorze dźwięku (efekt lateralizacji). Do usunięcia tych niekorzystnych zjawisk stisuje się technologię opartą o funkcje HRTF (ang. Head Related Transfer Function). W odróżnieniu od wcześniejszych prac w artykule przedstawiono koncepcję procesora słuchawkowego bazującego na funkcjach przejścia mierzonych indywidualnie przez użytkownika docelowym pomieszczeniu odsłuchowym z wykorzystaniem własnego zestawu hi-fi. Takie podejście daje lepsze efekty subiektywne w porównaniu z produktami bazującymi na uśrednionych funkcjach HRTF. Zaprezentowany system pomiaru i przetwarzania sygnału może być zaimplementowany z wykorzystaniem procesora DSP lub układu FPGA i stanowić niezależne urządzenie.

5

Struktura przestrzenna funkcji mieszkaniowej w Szczecinie w wyobrażeniach i ocenach młodziezy

Madej A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Marine Sciences / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

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1999

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Nr 5

175-205

EN

A research into subjective people's ideas on the environment surrounding them, attitudes towards this environment and spatial preferences are dealt by behavioural geography. Spatial perception (like other types of perception) is a complex cognition process taking place under the influence of natural and cultural stimuli. Spatial configuration of human activities results from an activity (behaviour) of many individuals. Therefore, a key to the explanation of spatial configuration is learning what decisions lead to particular activities of individuals. In this work a try has been made to recognize ideas and evaluations of the city inhabitants on a housing function in Szczecin. The following research issues have been brought up: the reconstruction of the Szczecin inhabitants' opinions concerning the placement of a housing function in the city, the next issue has been the reconstruction of the perception of living standards and of the infrastructure in the housing regions of Szczecin, as well as the determination of an evaluative aspect of ideas on urban space in Szczecin and of factors which mould these ideas. The presented study of ideas on urban space in Szczecin represented by its young inhabitants, gives an idea about the social perception how the city space is organised. The Szczecin inhabitants considered Śródmieście and Słoneczne quarters to be the largest housing clusters. It is interesting how the quarters which seem to have performed so different functions, are evaluated: Słoneczne is an area of apartment housing with a living function mainly, and also an added service function. Śródmieście, on the other hand, is a structure being intensively transformed into a so called "functional city centre", that is an area of service concentration and with a diminishing living function. The split of the city into the Left Bank and the Right Bank has influenced the perception of the city by the surveyed; clear domination of the Left Bank zone is noticeable, however, the Right Bank has Been recognized as a kind of a "satellite-city" (a lot of living and service housing). The attractiveness of quarters depends to a large extent on communication accessibility, a lot of greenery, places for recreation and on safety. While spatial planning, one should pay more attention to taking advantage of greenery as a natural barrier which could limit negative effect of bothersome influence of communication and industry functions (noise, pollution). The need for making use of greenery in this way, is often expressed by young people.

6

Struktura przestrzenna funkcji mieszkaniowej w Szczecinie w wyobrażeniach i ocenach młodzieży

Madej A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Marine Sciences / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

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1998

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Nr 5

175-205

EN

A research into subjective people's ideas on the environment surrounding them, attitudes towards this environment and spatial preferences are dealt by behavioural geography. Spatial perception (like other types of perception) is a complex cognition process taking place under the influence of natural and cultural stimuli. Spatial configuration of human activities results from an activity (behaviour) of many individuals. Therefore, a key to the explanation of spatial configuration is learning what decisions lead to particular activities of individuals. In this work a try has been made to recognize ideas and evaluations of the city inhabitants on a housing function in Szczecin. The following research issues have been brought up: the reconstruction of the Szczecin inhabitants' opinions concerning the placement of a housing function in the city, the next issue has been the reconstruction of the perception of living standards and of the infrastructure in the housing regions of Szczecin, as well as the determination of an evaluation aspect of ideas on urban space in Szczecin and of factors which mould these ideas. The presented study of ideas on urban space in Szczecin represented by its young inhabitants, gives an idea about the social perception how the city space is organised. The Szczecin inhabitants considered Śródmieście and Słoneczne quarters to be the largest housing clusters. It is interesting how the quarters which seem to have performed so different functions, are evaluated: Słoneczne is an area of apartment housing with a living function mainly, and also an added service function Śródmieście, on the other hand, is a structure being intensively transformed into a so called 'functional city centre', that is an area of service concentration and with a diminishing living function. The split of the city into the Left Bank and the Right Bank has influenced the perception of the city by the surveyed; clear domination of the Left Bank zone is noticeable, however, the Right Bank has been recognized as a kind of a 'satellite-city' (a lot of living and service housing). The attractiveness of quarters depends to a large extent on communication accessibility, a lot of greenery, places for recreation and on safety. While spatial planning, one should pay more attention to taking advantage of greenery as a natural barrier which could limit negative effect of bothersome influence of communication and industry functions (noise, pollution). The need for making use of greenery in this way, is often expressed by young people.