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1

The effect of anthropogenic activities on the spatial distribution of total nitrogen and total phosphate in Lake Maninjau

Komala Puti S., Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, Kurniati Roselyn I., Fauzi Mhd

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

71--78

EN

This study aimed to analyse the effect of anthropogenic activities on the spatial distribution of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia, during the dry season. Sampling was carried out at ten observation locations representative for various activities around the lake. Cluster analysis and ANOVA were used to classify pollutant sources and observe differences between TN and TP at each site. Concentrations of TN and TP are categorised as oligotrophic-eutrophic. The ANOVA showed spatially that some sampling locations, such as the Tanjung Sani River, floating net cages, and hydropower areas have different TN concentrations. At the same time, TP levels were consistently significantly different across sampling sites. ANOVA and cluster analysis confirmed that floating net cages were the first cluster and the primary contributor to TN and TP. The second and third clusters come from anthropogenic activities around the lake, such as agriculture, settlement, and livestock. The fourth cluster with the lowest TN and TP is the river that receives the anthropogenic activity load but has a high flow velocity. The cluster change analysis needs to be conducted when there are future changes in the composition of floating net cages, agriculture, and settlements.

2

Effect of touristic activities on seabirds’ habitat selection on sandy beaches

Costa Leonardo, Rangel Danilo Freitas, Zalmon Ilana

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 3

287--298

EN

Seabirds are biological models for habitat selection studies at different spatial scales. In general, seabirds select areas with a higher availability of prey, but human disturbances can modify their spatial and temporal foraging patterns in urban coastal ecosystems. Here we tested the hypothesis that human activities prevent seabirds foraging on beach sectors that are impacted by urbanization and recreational activities. Seabirds were counted while foraging at the interface between the surf zone and foreshore in three sectors with different levels of urbanization in southeastern Brazil. Physical variables, prey abundance, and human stressors, such as the number of people and dogs, were also measured. The brown booby Sula leucogaster foraged mainlyin the least impacted sector, despite the lower abundance of prey and harsher physical conditions. The number of individuals of this species was negatively related to the number of people, indicating a human-induced avoidance behaviour. In turn, the kelp gull Larus dominicanus, asynatropic species, was more abundant in the high impact sector. Our results have implications for the management and conservation of sandy beaches, especially regarding the zoning and selection of priority areas for environmental protection and nature-based ecotourism activities.

3

Seasonal characteristics of nutrient and nutrient structure in the Yangtze River estuary

Li Lei, Xv Guodong, Zheng Yingjie, Jiang Mei

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no 3

115--122

EN

This data article aimed to evaluate the influencing mechanisms of the nutrients and the level of eutrophication in the Yangtze River estuary. The seasonal characteristics of nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), SiO3-2–Si, and PO43-P) in the seawater of the Yangtze River estuary were analyzed by conducting surveys in spring and summer of 2019. The findings revealed that the concentrations of all nutrient at the surface and bottom layers were lower in spring compared to summer. NO3–N was typically the major form of DIN. Runoff was identified as the primary source of DIN and SiO32−–Si, while PO43−–P originated from a various sources. The SiO32−–Si, while PO43−–P values in the surface and bottom layers during the spring and summer were higher than the Redfield values, indicating an imbalanced nutrient distribution. Furthermore, discrepancies were observed in the distributions of DIN/PO43−–P, SiO32−–Si/DIN, and SiO32−–Si/PO43−–P in the Yangtze River estuary. Through an examination of the ratio of DIN/PO43−–P absorbed by phytoplankton, PO43−–P was identified as a potential limiting factor for nutrition in the sea area of the Yangtze River estuary during spring and summer. The Eutrophication Index (E) values for both spring and summer were found to be higher than the eutrophication threshold, indicating severe eutrophication in the studied sea area.

4

Suitable sites identifcation for potential rainwater harvesting (PRWH) using a multi criteria decision support system (MCDSS)

Radwan Farid, Alazba Abdulrahman Ali

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 1

449--468

EN

The world today faces water scarcity issues, especially in developing countries. This situation is further aggravated under arid and semiarid climates with the water demand increasing and limited rainfall events. The study was conducted in the Riyadh metropolitan area of Saudi Arabia. The study area has a hot arid desert climate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for harvesting rainwater to confront the increasing water demand. This research aims to identify the potential rainwater harvesting (PRWH) suitable sites based on the multi-criteria decision support system by the spatial analytic hierarchy process, with the aid of the integration of geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques. Mapping PRWH was carried out using the thematic layers of the slope, soil texture, land use and land cover (LULC), precipitation, and potential runoff coefficient (PRC). The study findings revealed that Riyadh has four hydrologic soil groups (HSGs), namely A, B, C, and D groups, and the percentage area is 2%, 26%, 3%, and 71%, respectively. The slope classes are fat (8–15%), moderately steep (>15–30%), and mountainous (>30%). The LULC layers are barren lands, agricultural lands, urban, and roads. The precipitation has been distributed into five classes namely very low (5.9%), low (10.1%), medium (13.2%), high (13.5%), and very high (57.3%) of the total investigated area. The PRC values were distributed in five levels namely very low (0.3–0.5), high (>0.5–0.7), and very high (>0.7–1), where about 83% of the capital faces high and very high PRC values. The percentage area of PRWH suitability sites is unsuitable (0.4%), poor (0.8%), moderate (13.3%), good (47.5%), and excellent (38%) of the total entire area. More than 85% of Riyadh has good and excellent suitability for PRWH. This study is tantamount to a powerful tool for identifying the PRWH suitability sites in arid and semiarid regions to confront the water demand increase.

5

Habitat suitability models of five keynote Bulgarian Black Sea fish species relative to specific abiotic and biotic factors

Zlateva Ivelina, Raykov Violin, Slabakova Violeta, Stefanova Elitsa S., Stefanova Kremena B.

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (4)

665--674

EN

Over the past few years, predicting species spatial distributions has been recognized as a powerful tool for studying biological invasions in conservation biology and planning, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Species spatial distribution models (SDMs) are used extensively for assessing the effects of changes in habitat suitability, the impacts of climate change, and the realignment of the existing conservation priorities. SDMs relate known patterns of species occurrences to a specific set of environmental conditions. Accordingly, we have used MaxEnt SDM tool in order to provide habitat suitability models of 5 keynote fish species: European sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.), red mullet (Mullus barbatus, L.), horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus, L.), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix, L.) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus, L.), inhabiting the Bulgarian region of the Black Sea. Presence-only (PO) data collected by pelagic surveys performed between 2017 and 2019 was further utilized to link known species occurrence localities with selected abiotic factors, such as surface sea temperature and salinity, dissolved oxygen, and speed of currents. Biotic interactions were also considered for fitting the patterns of habitat suitability models. The SDMs, obtained from the present research study, prove to have satisfactory predictive accuracy to be further implemented for conservation measures and planning, stock management policy-making, or ecological forecasting.

6

Spatial Distribution and Diversity of Marine Zooplankton Adjacent to the St. Martin's Island, Bangladesh

Alam Md. Jobaer, Kamal A. S. M. Maksud, Ahmed Md. Kawser, Khondker Moniruzzaman, Fayyaz Rafid

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

154--163

EN

Bangladesh, a country that lies on the north shores of the Bay of Bengal, has been blessed with a plethora of natural resources. St. Martin’s Island, the only coral-bearing island in Bangladesh, is undoubtedly regarded as one of the most prized possessions. It is rich in biodiversity, but truly scientific information on it is lacking. In the present investigation, 14 stations adjacent to St. Martin’s Island within the Bay of Bengal were sampled for determining the composition, spatial distribution, species richness, and diversity of pelagic zooplankton. Samples were collected in the pre-monsoon hot season. From the community of zooplankton, 34 species were reported. Most of the species belonged to copepods. Besides, Polychaeta and Cirripedia were also present in the community. The most significant species belonged to Oithona, Canthocalanus, Balanus, Euterpina, and Microsetella. Total zooplankton standing crop varied from 45,000–125,000 ind/m3 and the highest number of species (8) were observed at station 7. Strong variability in the distribution of species was observed in the studied stations. The number of genera collected at each station varied from 4–8. Data on species richness (Df) varied from 1.30–3.04 and that of the Shannon-Wiener Index (H) from 1.33–1.93. The species composition of zooplankton and the species richness and the diversity index of the population was comparable to the other studies carried out in the Central and Western Bay of Bengal.

7

Effect of water quality on the spatial distribution of charophytes in the Peshawar Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Khuram Izaz, Ahmad Nadeem, Barinova Sophia

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 4

359--372

EN

The presented research was conducted in 2018–2019 in the Peshawar Valley, Pakistan, to study for the first time the effect of water quality on the spatial distribution of charophytes. A total of six taxa of charophytes were found at 41 sites in the Peshawar Valley along the banks of seven rivers, 16 streams and two wetlands: Chara braunii C.C.Gmelin, C. connivens Salzmann ex A.Braun, C. contraria A.Braun ex Kützing, C. globularis Thuiller, C. vulgaris Linnaeus, and Nitellopsis obtusa (Desvaux) J.Groves. Chara vulgaris was the most abundant species, followed by C. globularis, and C. contraria. Water pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were within the permissible limits for Pakistan, while water temperature, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and resistivity showed deviations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that DO affected Chara vulgaris, pH and resistivity affected C. braunii, C. connivens and C. globularis, temperature and ORP affected C. contraria and Nitellopsis obtusa. Furthermore, CCA showed that TDS, EC, and salinity had no effect on the spatial distribution of Chara contraria, C. vulgaris and Nitellopsis obtusa. Chara contraria and Nitellopsis obtusa should be protected under VU (Vulnerable) status (IUCN) along with their habitats.

8

Impact of water salinity on long-term dynamics and spatial distribution of benthic invertebrates in the Small Aral Sea

Krupa Elena, Grishaeva Olga

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2019

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Vol. 48, No. 4

355--367

EN

In 1996–2008, macrozoobenthos of the Small Aral Sea was investigated. A total of 320 macrozoobenthos samples were collected. Statistical analysis and statistical mapping were performed using Statistica and Photoshop software. Ten taxa of macrozoobenthos were identified, with an average water salinity of the Small Aral Sea ranging from 6.3 to 19.0 PSU. Average annual community abundance reached 1962 specimens m-2, with biomass of 107.1 g m-2. Quantitative variables of macrozoobenthos decreased by an order of magnitude by the end of the analyzed period. The polychaete Hediste diversicolor and mollusks Abra ovata, Cerastoderma glaucum, Caspiohydrobia sp. were the dominant taxa. Statistical mapping and correlation analysis revealed that the high biomass of A. ovata and Caspiohydrobia sp. occur in areas with high water salinity. Aggregations of the mollusk C. glaucum were observed in various areas of the sea. The polychaete H. diversicolor preferred areas with relatively low salinity. Analysis of the results showed that the optimum salinity gradient with Aral salt composition was 17–27 PSU for A. ovata, Caspiohydrobia sp. and C. glaucum, while 1–27 PSU for H. diversicolor. Along with changes in water salinity, the currently growing pressure from freshwater fish is an additional factor affecting the structure of benthic communities in the Small Aral Sea.

9

Random forest assessment of correlation between environmental factors and genetic differentiation of populations : case of marine mussels Mytilus

Kijewski Tomasz, Zbawicka Malgorzata, Strand Jakob, Kautsky Hans, Kotta Jonne, Rätsep Merli, Wenne Roman

Oceanologia

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2019

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No. 61 (1)

131--142

EN

The novelmachine learning technique Random Forest (RF) was used to test if the genetic differentiation of populations of marine species maybe related to any of the key environmental variables known to shape species distributions. The study was performed in North and Baltic Sea characterized by strong gradients of environmental factors and almost continuous distributions of Mytilus mussel populations. Assessment of the species identity was performed using four nuclear DNA markers, and previously published single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. A general pattern of cline variation was observed with increasing Mytilus trossulus share towards the eastern Baltic Sea. Average allele share rose to 61% in Höga Kusten, Gulf of Bothnia. All Baltic Sea samples revealed a strong introgression of Mytilus edulis and a limited introgression of M. trossulus through the Danish Straits. The studied environmental variables described 67 and 68% of the variability in the allele frequencies of M. edulis and M. trossulus. Salinity defined over 50% of the variability in the gene frequencies of the studied Mytilus spp. populations. Changes along this environmental gradient were not gradual but instead a significant shift from gene dominance was found at a salinity of 12 PSU. Water temperature and the trophic status of the sea area had only moderate association with the gene frequencies. The obtained results showed that the novel machine learning technique can be successfully used for finding correlations between genetic differentiation of populations and environmental variables and for defining the functional form of these linkages.

10

Wetlands of the Volhynian Polissia (Western Ukraine) : classification, natural conditions of distribution and spatial difference

Solovey Tatiana

Geological Quarterly

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2019

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Vol. 63, No. 1

139--149

EN

The post-glacial areas are characterized by favorable conditions for the formation of wetlands as a result of the widespread occurrence of depressions without outflow - center for the development of wetlands. The studies of morphogenetic conditions of the wetland development in Volhynian Polissia within the territory of Ukraine and the formation of their water regime reveal several features of their distribution and typological variety. The location of wetlands were characterized in reference to the shape of base/subsoil and its lithology. The typical structure of post-lacustrine, paludificational, riverside and spring peatlands of the Volhynian Polissia were shown and their development were also discussed. The wetland evolution under the influence of the postglacial landscape degradation leads to disappearance of the depression wetlands in glacial forms, increase of the peat bog trophicity and the level of peat dissolution. The supply conditions and characteristics of water regime are determined for separate peatlands. According to the origin and water flow/supply four types of wetland were extracted: ombrogenic, topogenic, soligenic and fluviogenic. It was found that the reasons of the high marshes areas (21%) in Volhynian Polissia are the geological and geomorphological conditions retaining/stopping the runoff and also local groundwater circulation system.

11

Trace metal concentrations in Pleurozium schreberi and Taraxacum officinale along the road No. 7

Korzeniowska Joanna, Ewa Panek

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2019

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Vol. 26, nr 4

651--663

EN

The aim of this study is to test two plant species, the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale and moss Pleurozium schreberi, as bio monitors of trace metal pollution emitted by motor vehicles. The samples of the moss Pleurozium schreberi (green segments) and the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale (leaves) were collected within 12 transects along the state road No. E77 near Chyzne, Sothern Poland. The transects were located on the eastern and western side of the road (downwind and upwind towards prevailing winds), at the following distances from the road: 5, 50, 100, 300 500 and 600 m. Total concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn in the plant material were determined. The studied species accumulated trace metals in the similar amounts. Statistically significant differences in metal concentrations between two plant species were observed only in the case of Cu and Pb. Copper concentrations were higher in the common dandelion, while the moss Pleurozium schreberi accumulated considerably higher amounts of Pb. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between the trace metal concentrations in plants and the distance to the road. There are also statistically significant differences in concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the common dandelion between the samples collected from the opposite sides of the road: upwind/downwind towards the prevailing wind direction at the distance up to 300 meters. The concentrations are higher on the downwind side of the road.

12

Analysis of spatial distribution of acceleration of the motor car body on the railroad crossing

Mielniczuk J., Waluś K., Polasik J.

Pojazdy Szynowe

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2018

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Nr 4

9--13

EN

The paper deals with the problems related to the behaviour of a small delivery vehicle getting across a railroad crossing with a predetermined speed. The tests were aimed at estimating the accelerations acting on the vehicle body at the moment of contact between the tire and the rail head. The use of the ADIS 16385 measurement system enabled to estimate the approach speed, the total distance traveled and the accelerations in the local and global coordinate systems. Surface irregularities affect the response of the tire, of the suspension and are transferred to the vehicle body. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of the vehicle crossing an obstacle.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki zachowania się małego pojazdu dostawczego podczas pokonywania przejazdu kolejowego z zadaną prędkością. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu oszacowanie przyspieszeń oddziałujących na bryłę nadwozia pojazdu w momencie styku opony z główką szyny. Wykorzystując układ pomiarowy ADIS 16385, możliwe było oszacowanie prędkości najazdu, całkowitej przebytej drogi oraz przyspieszeń w lokalnym i globalnym układzie współrzędnych. Nierówności nawierzchni wpływają na reakcję opony, zawieszenia i przenoszą się na bryłę nadwozia. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki rozpoznawczych badań doświadczalnych przejazdu pojazdu przez przeszkodę.

13

Assessing Spatial Distributions of Total Trace Elements Content in Bottom Sediments of Dzierżno Duże Water Reservoir – Geostatistics-Based Studies

Rozpondek R., Rozpondek K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 3

52--60

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distributions of total trace elements content in the bottom sediments of Dzierżno Duże water reservoir, along with the comparison of the accuracy and characteristics of Kriging and IDW interpolations. On the basis of regular measurement grid consisting of 53 points, bottom sediments samples were collected. Mean values of total trace elements content in bottom sediments of Dzierżno Duże were as follows: Zn – 410 mg/kg, Pb – 57 mg/kg, Cr – 36 mg/kg, Cu – 40 mg/kg, Cd – 5 mg/kg, Ni – 16 mg/kg and Ba – 267 mg/kg. According to the geochemical quality classification, the concentrations of Cd in 32% of samples were assigned to class IV (heavily contaminated), 45% to class III (contaminated), Zn in 42% samples to class III with 1 sample in class IV and 26% to class II (slightly contaminated), Pb in 9% to class III and 58% to class II, Cu in 4% to class III and 68% to class II, Cr in 17% to class II, Ni in 55% to class II, Ba in 8% to class III and 61% in class II. Coefficient of determination was determined between each case of trace elements content. The highest correlation (R2 in range from 0.81 to 0.96) was observed between Zn and Pb, Zn and Cu, Zn and Cr, Zn and Ni, Pb and Cu, Pb and Cr, Cu and Cr, Cr and Ni. Significant correlation (R2 in range from 0.70 to 0.80) occurred between: Zn and Cd, Pb and Ni, Cu and Ni, Cd and Ni. The lowest correlations (R2 in range from 0.25 to 0.70) were observed between concentration of Ba and the rest of trace elements. Two different interpolation methods were chosen for the purpose of generating spatial distributions – Inverse Distance Weighted and Ordinary Kriging. These methods were chosen for purpose of obtaining optimal accuracy result of spatial distributions. The distributions of trace elements content were classified by means of geochemical criteria. In the case of accuracy comparison between IDW and Ordinary Kriging, the former had slightly better results in terms of mean value and root mean square. The generated spatial distributions allowed to determine the most contaminated areas, which were mainly northern-central and southern-central parts of water Dzierżno Duże reservoir.

14

Analysis of selected nutrient contents in bottom sediments of the Ostrowy water reservoir using the GIS system

Rozpondek K., Rozpondek R.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2018

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T. 21, nr 4

437--446

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the contents of phosphorus and nitrogen in bottom sediments of the Ostrowy water reservoir. Furthermore, concentrations of aluminium, iron, organic matter were determined and the depth was measured. The evaluation was made using spatial modelling to obtain spatial distributions of the elements studied. Aluminium and nitrogen concentrations were classified according to the Persaud criteria. An attempt was also made to determine the possible relationships between nitrogen and phosphorus, and the content of organic matter, iron and aluminium in the material studied. Bottom sediment samples were collected based on a regular measurement grid from 31 points in the area of the Ostrowy water reservoir. The material was subjected to laboratory analysis, with the contents of elements tested ranging from 0.25 to 9.76 g/kg for total nitrogen, 0.04 to 4.50 g/kg for total phosphorus, 0.48 to 31.40% for organic matter, 0.57 to 12.64 g/kg for aluminium, and 1.70 to 30.70 g/kg for iron. Based on the Persaud classification, the major area of the reservoir is characterized by moderate and high risks resulting from the nitrogen content and low and moderate risk due to the presence of phosphorus. The correlations were also examined between organic matter and total nitrogen (R2 = 0.82), total nitrogen and Fe (R2 = 0.79), total nitrogen and Al (R2 = 0.74), organic matter and Fe (R2 = 0.82), organic matter and Al (R2 = 0.79), total phosphorus and Fe (R2 = 0.88), and total phosphorus and Al (R2 = 0.74). The GIS tools used to generate spatial distributions have proven to be extremely useful in environmental research. Using geoinformation, maps of spatial distributions of the elements studied were generated (the method of interpolation of inverse distance weighted was used). Bottom sediments of water reservoir in Ostrowy are characterized by higher contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in bottom part and lower in northern part. The distributions made it possible to accurately assess the studied area and can be effective in planning of monitoring and reclamation activities in the area of the Ostrowy water reservoir.

PL

Celem badań była ocena zawartości fosforu i azotu w osadach dennych zbiornika wodnego Ostrowy. W badanym materiale oznaczono również stężenie glinu i żelaza oraz zawartość materii organicznej. Przedstawiono także wyniki dotyczące pomiaru głębokości. Podjęto próbę wyznaczenia relacji między poziomem stężenia azotu i fosforu a zawartością substancji organicznej, żelaza i glinu w materiale badawczym. Próbki osadów dennych pobrano na podstawie regularnej siatki pomiarowej zlokalizowanej w obrębie zbiornika wodnego Ostrowy. Pozyskany materiał został poddany badaniom laboratoryjnym, zakres wartości poszczególnych elementów wynosił: azot całkowity 0,25÷9,76 g/kg, fosfor całkowity 0,04÷4,50 g/kg, zawartość materii organicznej 0,48÷31,40% suchej masy osadu dennego, glin 0,57÷12,64 g/kg, żelazo 1,70÷30,70 g/kg. Na podstawie klasyfikacji umożliwiającej ocenę potencjalnego wpływu zanieczyszczonych osadów na organizmy wodne stwierdzono, że przeważająca część zbiornika charakteryzowała się umiarkowanym oraz wysokim stopniem zagrożenia (ze względu na zawartość azotu) oraz niskim i umiarkowanym (ze względu na zawartość fosforu). Przy wykorzystaniu metody wagowanej odwrotnej odległości wyinterpolowano mapy przestrzennego rozkładu badanych elementów. Wykorzystane narzędzia GIS okazały się niezwykle przydatne w badaniach środowiskowych. Rozkłady przestrzenne umożliwiły dokładną analizę zawartości poszczególnych elementów oznaczonych w osadach dennych badanego obiektu oraz stanowiły podstawę do zaplanowania monitoringu oraz działań rekultywacyjnych na obszarze zbiornika Ostrowy.

15

Evaluation of quality of bottom sediments of water reservoir Poraj by applying sediment quality guidelines and spatial analysis

Rozpondek K., Rozpondek R.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2018

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Vol. 11, no. 2

141--147

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of bottom sediments of water reservoir Poraj by applying a set of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and a spatial analysis. Samples of bottom sediments were collected at 46 measuring points. Collected samples were analyzed in terms of total trace element content, toxicity and organic matter. Concentrations of three trace elementss were above PEC value: Zn (22% of samples), Pb (17%) and Cd (17%). Considering mean PECQ value, 17% of samples were predicted to be toxic. For TEC value, 76% of bottom sediments samples were predicted to be non-toxic. Values of PECQ ranged from 0.04 to 2.08 with mean of 0.38. PERI from 4.36 to 323.62 with mean of 55.35. PERI above 150 was observed in 17% of collected samples. The Coefficient of determination were determined between studied factors: PERI and PECQ (R2= 0.98), PECQ and TEC (R2= 0.99), PERI and TEC (R2= 0.98), PERI and PE (R2= 0.06), PECQ and PE (R2= 0.07). Low correlation between toxic effect and PERI or PECQ indicated that there are other factors that contribute to the toxicity of the sediments. Spatial analysis performed in geostatistical software allowed determining areas with the highest ecological risk.

PL

Celem badań była ocena jakości osadów dennych zbiornika wodnego Poraj z zastosowaniem wytycznych dotyczących jakości osadów (ang. SQGs - Sediment Quality Guidelines) oraz analiz przestrzennych. Próbki osadów dennych zostały pobrane na podstawie regularnej siatki kwadratów zawierającej 46 punktów pomiarowych. Pobrane próbki zostały poddane analizom laboratoryjnym pod kątem zawartości metali śladowych, toksyczności oraz materii organicznej. Zawartość trzech metali śladowych przekroczyła odpowiadającą wartość PEC: Zn (22% próbek), Pb (17%) i Cd (17%). Porównując wartość PECQ, 17% próbek określa się jako prawdopodobnie toksyczne. Dla TEC w 76% badanego materiału nie wykryto toksyczności. Wartości PECQ zawierały się w przedziale od 0.04 do 2.08 z wartością średnią 0.38, PERI od 4.36 do 323.62 z wartością średnią 55.35. Wartość PERI ponad 150 została zaobserwowana w 17% próbek. Wyznaczono współczynnik determinacji pomiędzy badanymi wskaźnikami: PERI i PECQ (R2= 0.98), PECQ i TEC (R2= 0.99), PERI i TEC (R2= 0.98), PERI i PE (R2= 0.06), PECQ i PE (R2= 0.07). Niska wartość korelacji pomiędzy procentowym efektem toksyczności a analizowanymi wskaźnikami wskazuję na udział innych czynników wpływających na toksyczność osadów dennych zbiornika wodnego Poraj. Na podstawie rozkładów przestrzennych wyznaczono obszary z największym ryzykiem ekologicznym.

16

Near-surface study of a hot spring site in Fiji

Lal A., Deo R. N., Kumar A.

Acta Geophysica

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2018

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Vol. 66, no. 4

659--672

EN

A geophysical investigation of a hot spring system located in Rabulu, Fiji, was carried out from October 2014 to March 2015. The investigation covered a survey area of 6075 m2. Self-potential (SP), ground temperature and soil carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were measured and investigated for their distribution characteristics and inter-linkages. Results indicated obvious anomalous zone at the hot spring discharge site. The SP profile analysis highlighted thermal water upwelling zones and elevation-driven subsurface groundwater pathways. Measurement of subsurface temperatures up to 1 m depths revealed increasing temperatures, indicating potentially high thermal gradients in the area. Surface soil CO2 distributions also agreed with SP and ground temperature results. The overall result of the study demonstrated that synchronised measurements of SP, ground temperature and soil CO2 can be instrumental in identifying anomalous zones near the hot spring sites. Other parameters such as spring water temperature, discharge rate and energy flux estimates from the spring were calculated and analysed. The high-dense multi-parameter data coverage allowed interpretation of geothermal features at a scale never conducted in Fiji before. The near-surface investigations reported in this study corroborate previously suggested steady geothermal activity in the region, deserving further detailed investigation.

17

Body Size Distribution of Spider Species in Various Forest Habitats

Stańska M., Stański T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

359--370

EN

The body size is one of the main attributes of living organisms. The knowledge of body size patterns of co-occurring species and the related factors can contribute to the understanding of many ecological processes. The aim of the study was the analysis of the distribution of the spider species of different size in heterogeneous forest habitats: ground, herbaceous vegetation, tree trunks and leaves. The research was conducted in deciduous stands of the Białowieża Forest (eastern Poland). Spiders were collected by: a) pitfall traps and sieving the litter through an entomological sieve for the ground layer; b) sweep-netting for herbaceous vegetation; c) bark traps for tree trunks and d) shaking the branches of trees and shrubs for leaves. In total, 247 spider species belonging to 22 families were recorded: 195 species in the ground layer, 122 in herbaceous vegetation, 60 on trunks, and 48 on leaves. The analysis revealed that ground layer was inhabited by the small sized species (mean 5.2 ± 0.11 mm) while larger species inhabited herbaceous vegetation (mean 6.6 ± 0.26 mm), trunks (7.2 ± 0.20 mm) and leaves (6.8 ± 0.41 mm). Moreover, the mean species body size decreased with the increasing number of collected species. Several potential mechanisms are discussed as those determining the preference of various sized spider species in particular habitats like different microclimatic conditions, the nutritional quality of prey and predation. Moreover, the very likely reason of differences in the size of spider species between the ground layer and other habitats is the most complex structure of the former habitat.

18

Rozkład przestrzenny związków żelaza i manganu w osadach dennych Jeziora Goczałkowickiego

Czaplicka A., Ślusarczyk Z., Bazan S., Szarek-Gwiazda E.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2017

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Vol. 39, nr 3

47--54

EN

Analysis of the bottom sediment composition in the shallow, polimictic Goczalkowice dam reservoir demonstrated that the amounts of Mn and Fe compounds determined did to a small extent only exceed the level of their geochemical background. Spatial distribution of iron and manganese content in the Goczalkowice dam reservoir was developed on the basis of the bottom sediment composition studies for the reservoir. There is an evidence of both natural and anthropogenic origin of the two elements. Correlations between their presence and the content of granulometric bottom sediment fractions, organic matter amount, depth of the measuring points as well as concentration of other trace elements (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the sediments were developed. Statistical testing allowed for identification of varying statistical strength between the content of Fe and Mn and fi ne bottom sediment fractions. Three groups of measuring points identified in the dam reservoir substantially differed from each other by Fe and Mn bottom sediment content. In addition, differentiation in their concentration along longitudinal transects of the dam reservoir was demonstrated.

PL

Przeprowadzone badania składu osadów dennych w płytkim, polimiktycznym Jeziorze Goczałkowickim wykazały, że oznaczone ilości związków żelaza i manganu tylko w niewielkim stopniu przekraczały poziom ich tła geochemicznego. Na podstawie badań składu osadów dennych Jeziora Goczałkowickiego opracowano rozkład przestrzenny zawartości związków żelaza i manganu w czaszy zbiornika. Stwierdzono zarówno naturalne, jak i antropogeniczne pochodzenie obu tych pierwiastków. Opracowano współzależności między ich obecnością a zawartością frakcji granulometrycznych osadów, ilością związków organicznych, głębokością punktów pomiarowych, a także zawartością innych metali śladowych (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) w osadach. Za pomocą testów statystycznych wskazano na różną siłę statystyczną współzależności między zawartością żelaza i manganu a zawartością drobnych frakcji osadów dennych. Wydzielono trzy grupy punktów pomiarowych w zbiorniku zaporowym, istotnie różniących się między sobą zawartością związków żelaza i manganu w osadach dennych. Wykazano także zróżnicowanie zawartości tych metali w osadach wzdłuż podłużnych transektów zbiornika zaporowego.

19

Characteristics of Spatial Distribution of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in the Bottom Sediments of the Water Reservoir Poraj

Rozpondek K., Rozpondek R., Pachura P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 4

178--184

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the content of phosphorus and nitrogen in the bottom sediments of the Poraj Reservoir located on the Warta River, along with defining their spatial distribution and the relationship between these elements and organic matter, aluminum and iron. Samples of bottom sediments were collected on the basis of regular measurement grid of 46 points located in the area of the water reservoir Poraj. The collected samples were analyzed in terms of content of following elements, which values are in range: total phosphorus (TP) 0.06 – 5.06 g/kg, total nitrogen (TN) 0.17 – 9.66 g/kg, organic matter (OM) 0.49 – 28.41% of solid content, aluminum (Al) 2.44 – 145.15 g/kg and iron (Fe) 0.28 – 16.50 g/kg. By using of GIS system, spatial distribution of obtained results of laboratory analyzes were interpolated (Inverse Distance Weighted method was used). On basis of spatial distribution it was noted that in northern part of water reservoir bottom sediments have greater values of TP, TN and OM than in southern part. The study also included calculation of correlation between: OM and TN (n=46, R2 = 0.9335), TN and Fe (n=46, R2 = 0.8782), TN and Al (n=46, R2 = 0.8629), OM and Fe (n=46, R2 = 0.8243), OM and Al (n=46, R2 = 0.7981), TP and Fe (n=46, R2 = 0.7456), TP and Al (n=46, R2 = 0.6209). The presented pilot studies show that the potential content of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter in the sediments of the water reservoir Poraj can reach a significant level. The need to plan and carry out further research allowing the evaluation of the properties of the analyzed elements and examining their potential impact on water quality in the tested water reservoir was stated.

20

Zastosowanie modelowania przestrzennego do analizy zawartości substancji biogennych w osadach dennych zbiornika wodnego Dzierżno Duże

Rozpondek K., Rozpondek R.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2017

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T. 20, nr 3

285--294

EN

The specific of water management in the urbanized ares (regulation of watercourses, discharges of municipal and industrial effluents etc.) have resulted in the transformation of the natural drainage system of the basin of Kłodnica, in which Dzierżno Duże water reservoir is located. The main goal of this study was to designate the content of total phosphorus and total nitrogen, and relations between these elements and organic matter, level of depth, aluminum and iron in the bottom sediments of the Dzierżno Duże water reservoir. Bottom sediments samplings consisted of grid measurement network planning, on which bottom sediments samples were collected. The collected samples were analyzed in laboratory in terms of content of chosen elements. Values of these elements are in range: total phosphorus 0.08÷6.02 g/kg, total nitrogen 0.15÷9.03 g/kg, organic matter 0.20÷50.90% of solid content, aluminum 0.48÷39.32 g/kg and iron 0.82÷25.42 g/kg. To improve quality of performed analysis, by using Geographic Information System the spatial distributions (the Inverse Distance Method was used) of studied elements were generated. Generated spatial distributions enabled to determine sites with highest and lowest values. Bottom sediments of Dzierżno Duże water reservoir have greater values of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic matter in central regions than in coastal zone. The study also included calculation of correlation between: organic matter and total nitrogen (R2 = 0.6), total nitrogen and Fe (R2 = 0.44), total nitrogen and Al (R2 = 0.5), organic matter and Fe (R2 = 0.39), organic matter and Al (R2 = 0.55), total phosphorus and Fe (R2 = 0.57), total phosphorus and Al (R2 = 0.56). The presented pilot studies may provide a basis for identifying harmful human activities and planning methods of counters measures. Dzierżno Duże water reservoir, among other functions, is a spot (mainly for local residents), therefore it should be monitored constantly.

PL

Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu ocenę zawartości fosforu i azotu w osadach dennych zbiornika wodnego Dzierżno Duże wraz z opracowaniem ich przestrzennego rozkładu przy wykorzystaniu modelowania przestrzennego. Podjęto również próbę wyznaczenia możliwej relacji między wymienionymi elementami a zawartością substancji organicznej, żelaza i glinu w materiale badawczym. Próbki osadów dennych pobrano na podstawie regularnej siatki pomiarowej z 53 stanowisk usytuowanych w obszarze zbiornika wodnego Dzierżno Duże. W pozyskanych próbkach wykonano następujące oznaczenia, których wartości mieściły się w przedziałach: fosfor całkowity 0,08÷6,02 g/kg, azot całkowity 0,15÷9,03 g/kg, zawartość materii organicznej 0,20÷50,90% suchej masy osadu dennego, glin 0,48÷39,32 g/kg, żelazo 0,82÷25,42 g/kg. W pracy wykorzystano system GIS, który pozwolił na usytuowanie przestrzenne miejsc poboru próbek do badań laboratoryjnych. Wykorzystując tę informację, wygenerowano mapy przestrzennego rozkładu badanych elementów (zastosowano metodę interpolacji wagowanej odwrotnej odległości). Przedstawione pilotażowe badania mogą stanowić podstawę do zidentyfikowania szkodliwych działań człowieka i określenia kierunków ich zapobiegania oraz do ustalenia odpowiednich zasad zarządzania wodami.