Ograniczanie wyników
Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 54

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 3 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  spark ignition engine
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 3 next fast forward last
EN
The operation of conventional (hydrocarbon) fuels causes certain effects in the internal combustion engine. Despite the satisfactory efficiency of internal combustion engines, their fuel systems, particularly the injectors, are subject to constant fouling. The article analyzes the possibility of reducing the deposit of high-pressure gasoline injectors using the alcohol addition of ethanol and butanol. The study was conducted under the engine and non-engine conditions. Fuel injection timing was analyzed when fueling with different mixtures, and non-engine analyses were conducted to determine changes affecting the injectors. The results indicate the possibility of reducing injector hole coking using ethanol and butanol as a 20% additive to the base fuel.
EN
This paper describes a method for finding the optimal parameters of a spark-ignition engine gas exchange system for a motorcycle. The vectors of the initial data for filling the parameter space, in which the search for the optimal solution has been made, have been formed through methods of experiment planning and technique nonlinear programming quadratic line search. As the quality criteria, the engine power has been used at selected points of the external speed characteristic. The results of the work have shown how using the proposed optimization method allows modernization of a gas exchange systems in order to increase the engine power.
EN
The article deals with the concept, development and results of preliminary tests of a range extender for an electric light commercial vehicle Melex with a 48 V electrical system. The purpose of the project is to build a prototype of the range extender powered by an internal combustion engine that will increase the range of the vehicle with electric drive, and at the same time will be characterized by a high efficiency and low exhaust emissions. The developed range extender is a combination of a 163cc single-cylinder combustion engine with a generator joined through a ribbed belt transmission. The 3-phase generator from a heavy-duty vehicle was used. In order to match the output voltage of the generator to the system voltage of the electric vehicle, an external adjustable regulator and a rectifier bridge with an increased operating voltage were used. The range extender was attached to a body of the electric vehicle by means of a welded frame made of thin-walled steel profiles. Initial tests of the developed range extender showed its proper interaction with both the lead-acid battery of the vehicle as well as with the nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH) adapted to 48 V voltage from a hybrid electric vehicle. A maximum output power exceeding 2 kW was obtained. Maximum value of the overall efficiency of the range extender reaches up to 18.8%, which is a high value considering the small size of the used engine and the type of generator. The directions for further development of the range extender were also revealed in this paper.
EN
In this study, a prototype four-stroke spark ignition engine with four cylinders (two valves per cylinder), with and without turbocharger, as well as variable valve timing system to adjustment of variable valve duration has been investigated. This study covers the effects of intake valve opening (IVO), Intake valve closing (IVC), exhaust valve opening (EVO) and exhaust valve closing (EVC) angles on engine performances and fuel economy. The calculations of engine performance were carried out using the 1-Dimensional simulation with AVL BOOST software. The effects of different valve timing strategies and a combination of them from simulations were analyzed and compared with the reference fixed valve timing cases. It was shown that substantial improvements in fuel consumption and performance can be achieved. The improvements of Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption (ISFC) are remarkable in turbocharged models. Furthermore, we can see the noticeable improvements in torque and power in the naturally aspirated engine.
EN
This article presents the general characteristics of bioethanol and method how it is obtained. Two exemplary bioethanol production processes used in industry were discussed. Next, a comparison was made between the physico-chemical properties of bioethanol and motor gasoline, which were important for supplying the spark ignition engines. The second part of the article discusses the ways of using bioethanol to supply the spark ignition engine and describes selected mixtures of bioethanol and gasoline. The final part of the article lists the basic advantages and problems in the use of bioethanol to supply the spark ignition engine.
PL
W tym artykule przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę bioetanolu oraz sposób jego otrzymywania. Omówiono dwa przykładowe procesy produkcyjne bioetanolu stosowane w przemyśle. Następnie dokonano porównania właściwości fizyko-chemicznych bioetanolu oraz benzyny silnikowej istotnych ze względu na zasilanie silnika z ZI. W drugiej części artykułu omówiono sposoby zastosowania bioetanolu do zasilania silnika z ZI oraz scharakteryzowano wybrane mieszaniny bioetanolu z benzyną. W końcowej części artykułu wymieniono podstawowe zalety i problemy w zastosowaniu bioetanolu do zasilania silnika z ZI.
EN
Propulsion of non-road mobile machinery dedicated for the waste wood chipping these are mainly internal combustion engines. Their construction mainly affects the efficiency of wood chipping processes. Liberal homologation regulations for combustion engines used by non-road mobile machinery lead not only to relatively high emissions of harmful exhaust gases but also do not force manufacturers to develop these types of machinery. These propulsions are not equipped with systems, structure and subassemblies that are characteris-tic of today's construction used in passenger cars that are highly efficient with low emissions to the environment. This article presents the most modern review of ignition-injection control systems to be used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines intended for the drive of non-mobile machinery. With a review of the fifty-seven manufacturers of this type of engine conducted in January 2017, only six offer engines with injection systems. Collected data of control systems referring to motor vehicles has shown that the constructions offered by manufacturers as innovative are constructions still significantly different from modern standards. In addition, the available systems for modernization of the systems and research projects were analysed. The results of the analysis will be the basis for modifying existing structures.
PL
Napędy mobilnych maszyn roboczych przeznaczonych do rozdrabniania odpadów drzewnych to głównie silniki spalinowe. Od ich konstrukcji w głównej mierze zależy efektywność procesów rozdrabniania. Liberalne przepisy homologacyjne dotyczące silników spalinowych o zastosowaniu do pozadrogowych maszyn ruchomych prowadzą nie tylko do stosunkowo wysokich emisji szkodliwych związków spalin, ale również nie wymuszają na producentach rozwoju technicznego tych konstrukcji. Napędy te są pozbawione, systemów, układów i podzespołów charakterystycznych dla współczesnych konstrukcji stosowanych w pojazdach osobowych wyróżniających się wysoką efektywnością przy niskiej emisji zanieczyszczeń do środowiska. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd najnowocześniejszych systemów sterowania układem zapłonowo-wtryskowym stosowanych w silnikach spalinowych o zapłonie iskrowym przeznaczonych do napędu pozadrogowych maszyn ruchomych. Z przeglądu pięćdziesięciu siedmiu producentów tego typu silników przeprowadzonego w styczniu 2017 roku tylko sześciu oferuje silniki z układem wtryskowym. Zebrane dane o układach odniesione do pojazdów samochodowych wykazały, że konstrukcje oferowane przez producentów jako innowacyjne są konstrukcjami nadal znacząco odbiegającymi od współczesnych standardów. Dodatkowo analizie poddano dostępne systemy modernizacyjne układów oraz prowadzone projekty badawcze. Wyniki z przeprowadzonej analizy będą podstawą do modyfikacji istniejących konstrukcji.
7
EN
The content of this article describes the area of the operation of speedway racing motorcycles, it reflects the specific use, and thus, the special requirements placed on the internal combustion engines used there. Then, a research tool is presented in the form of Computational Fluid Dynamics methods. The article presents basic equations as a base for software, and emphasizes the essence and necessity of adequate selection of turbulence models. Presentation of the work tool is crowned with a brief description of the application in the form of Ansys numerical analysis software and a specific place and possibilities of its application. The practical part describes the work carried out during the tests of a GM 500 type combustion engine and attempts to compare two types of exhaust systems whose advantages and disadvantages in analytical calculations are difficult to determine, whereas CFD tests accurately represent pressure fields, velocities and the most important parameter in the form of resistance of the exhaust system. The article is crowned with the results of tests enabling determination and selection of the exhaust system with lower flow resistance and recommendations adjusting the exhaust system to a specific engine.
PL
W artykule omówiony został wpływ nieszczelności układu wydechowego na parametry użytkowe oraz emisję substancji szkodliwych w spalinach turbodoładowanego silnika o zapłonie iskrowym samochodu osobowego. Dokonano analizy porównawczej wyników pomiarów uzyskanych na hamowni podwoziowej MAHA MSR500 w warunkach szczelności oraz sztucznego wytworzenia nieszczelności układu wydechowego w miejscu montażu szerokopasmowego czujnika stężenia tlenu w spalinach. Przedstawione dane odnoszą się między innymi do emisji toksycznych i nietoksycznych składników spalin, przebiegów mocy w układzie napędowym oraz chwilowych wartości współczynnika nadmiaru powietrza. W celu uzyskania danych wykonano szereg przejazdów pomiarowych według profilu prędkości cyklu jezdnego EUDC.
EN
Paper discussed the influence of exhaust system leakage on the utility parameters and toxic combustion products emission of a turbocharged passenger car spark ignition engine. A comparative analysis of the data gathered in the research carried out using the MAHA MSR 500 single roller chassis dynamometer was conducted, where the exhaust system was sealed and leaking in the area of the wideband oxygen sensor mounting bracket. The presented data refers to among others: the emissions of harmful gasoline oxidation products (HC, CO), the courses of power generated by the engine and the momentary values of excess air ratio. The EUDC driving cycle was used in the research.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących kontroli składu spalin z pojazdów z silnikami o zapłonie iskrowym w ramach okresowych badań technicznych pojazdów. Zweryfikowano uzyskiwane podczas kontroli wyniki zawartości CO i HC z limitami zawartymi w obowiązujących normach Euro dla tej kategorii pojazdów wyposażonych w różne typy układów wydechowych.
EN
The exhaust gas emission control data in a vehicle control station in 2007-2014 in Slovakia was presented. The emission depended of vehicle prodn. year and its equipment.
EN
This article reports the results of a study into operating parameters of a system consisting of an SI engine and a powertrain in a Fiat Panda passenger car in the conditions of a variable load. The analysis was primarily concerned with the variability of fuel consumption resulting of the changing load applied to the driving wheels in the conditions of a test performed on chassis dynamometer for manual and automatic controlled transmission gear change The test bench included a dedicated driving cycle, which was developed as cycle with periodically changed constant linear speed of the car every 10 km/h. According to the vehicle set speed, the load on its wheels was determined by the basic resistance as rolling resistance, air resistance and resistance corresponding to road inclination. Each period of a drive cycle corresponding to steady state driving gave the average instantaneous values of drive system performance indicators. The waveforms of these indicators were recorded and then averaged and presented as representative points of the powertrain system that were analysed. The focus of the study involved the identification of the points characterized with the minimum specific fuel consumption and impact of type of powertrain control on emission of CO2 from passenger car SI engines.
11
Content available Model-based analysis of sensor faults in SI engine
EN
The article focuses on the fault not diagnosed by the OBD system. Apart from mechanical damages sensor faults are a serious group. Although the sensor values are constantly monitored, some errors are not detected. The article presents a diagnostic model of the air intake system of SI engine, which generates the control and work parameters of the engine for fault-free state. The parameters obtained from the reference model can be compared with the parameters measured for the engine in any operating condition. Based on the model the impact of sensor faults for other parameters was analyzed. Some errors can be masked by the adaptive control system of the engine, which changes the parameters of the engine control. Simulation tests were verified on the test bench.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia możliwości badawcze wtryskiwaczy paliwa zastosowanych w silnikach o zapłonie iskrowym. W referacie opisano rodzaje układów zasilania silników o zapłonie wymuszonym, ich budowę i działanie. Zostały opisane również sposoby tworzenia się mieszaniny palnej i spalanie w omawianych silnikach. Przedstawiono w jaki sposób można testować i ewentualnie przywracać parametry robocze wtryskiwaczy paliwa silników ZI.
EN
Article presents the research possibilities of spark ignition fuel injectors. Paper describes types of spark ignition systems, construction and work. There has been presented the methods of rising combustible mixture and combustion process in spark ignition engines. There has been dicussed the test and work parameters reset methods spark ignition engines fuel injectors.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę drogowej i sekundowej emisji tlenku węgla, z pojazdu z silnikiem o zapłonie iskrowym z bezpośrednim wtryskiem paliwa. Badania przeprowadzono w rzeczywistych warunkach ruchu, przestrzegając procedury RDE (Real Drive Emission). Test wykonano na obszarze aglomeracji poznańskiej, trasa obejmowała drogi o różnych dopuszczalnych prędkościach. Badania przeprowadzono przy zastosowaniu mobilnej aparatury SEMTECH DS, należącej do grupy PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System).
EN
The paper presents an analysis of the carbon monoxide emissions from a vehicle with spark-ignition engine and direct fuel injection. The study was conducted under real traffic conditions, following the RDE (Real Drive Emission) procedure. The test was carried out in the area of Poznań agglomeration, the route covered roads with different permissible speeds. The tests were carried out using the SEMTECH DS mobile device, belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System) group.
PL
W pracy zasymulowano uszkodzenia w układzie dolotowym powietrza silnika o zapłonie iskrowym z bezpośrednim wtryskiem paliwa, które nie są wykrywalne przez system diagnostyki pokładowej samochodu, ale wyczuwalne przez użytkownika jako spadek mocy silnika lub jego nierównomierną pracę. Artykuł omawia wpływ badanych uszkodzeń na wskazania czujników w układzie dolotowym oraz na sterowanie silnikiem.
EN
The work is devoted to simulation of defects of the air intake system of spark ignition engine with gasoline direct injection (GDI), that are not recognized by on-board system diagnostics. The car user can feel them as loss of engine power or jerking. The article discusses the impact of the investigated damage to the sensor readings and engine control.
EN
Alcohols represent a viable replacement for gasoline> with the advantages of providing improved energy security as well as reduced environmental impact. Compared to ethanol, which holds the majority of the alternative fuels market share in transportation, n-butanol features higher energy density and better compatibility with existing fuel systems designed for gasoline. Given this background, the present study investigated the use of pure n-butanol fuelling of a wall guided direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine with optical accessibility through the piston crown. Different injection timings were considered, and variations of soot emissions were evaluated based on smoke measurements. Besides thermodynamic investigations through the analysis in-cylinder pressure traces, flame chemiluminescence was applied for a more detailed view of the chemical processes during combustion. All conditions were benchmarked to gasoline fuelling, thus giving comprehensive information on the effect of fuel properties. It was found that the change in injection timing, even by a relatively reduced crank angle, had a significant effect on the smoke at the exhaust, for both fuel types. Early fuel delivery resulted in high soot emissions, while late injection had the opposite effect. No soot- nitrogen oxides trade-off point, specific for diesel power units, could be identified, but the optimum injection strategy resulted in high engine output and low particulate emissions. The alcohol featured increased sensitivity not only to changes in the start of injection, but also showed the potential for very low smoke. The investigations further emphasize the importance of air-fuel mixture formation and also identified ways to minimize the environmental impact of DISI engines through the development of optimized control strategies.
EN
This paper summarizes the recent and ongoing work on real driving emissions of several automobiles with ordinary, non-flexible-fuel spark ignition engines, powered by alcohol-gasoline blends with higher concentrations of ethanol, n-butanol and isobutanol. On a Ford Focus automobile with a direct injection EcoBoost engine, powered by gasoline and its blends with 15% ethanol, 25% n-butanol and 25% isobutanol, particle size distribution were measured with an on-board fast mobility particle sizer along a 55 km route. Particle emissions were moderately reduced by ethanol and considerably by both butanol blends. On a Śkoda Fabia and Śkoda Felicia cars with indirect injection engines, powered by blends with higher concentrations of ethanol, n-butanol and isobutanol, particle emissions measured by a miniature on-board system were examined over a 13 km route. Blends of 30% and 50% of butanol had no or slightly positive effect on particle emissions. Blends of 70% ethanol and 85% n-butanol and 85% isobutanol, used with an auxiliary engine control unit, had no or slightly positive effect on particle mass, and reduced total particle length (roughly corresponding to lung deposited surface area) by about one half.
EN
In the EU, alcohol fuels are used mostly in the form of ethanol, sold either as E85, or mixed in less than 10% concentrations into gasoline for the general fleet. This work examines the effects of extending the ethanol share to 15%. Additionally, considering the high hygroscopicity and corrosivity of ethanol, two isomers of butanol, n-butanol and isobutanol, were blended with gasoline at 25% by volume, all blends corresponding to approximately 5% oxygen by weight. These four fuels were examined in two typical spark ingition automobile engines, a Ford Focus car with a Euro 6 EcoBoost direct injection (DISI) engine, and a Skoda Fabia car with a Euro 5 multipoint injection (MPI) engine. Both cars were tested on chassis dynamometer using the Artemis driving cycle. There were no measurable effects on the emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide. The alcohol fuels increased the emissions of nitrogen oxides on the MPI engine. On the DISI engine over the Artemis cycle, the number of emitted solid particles and the emissions of elemental carbon and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were reduced relative to gasoline, by about one half for both butanol isomers, while ethanol did not yield observable effects. Particle emissions of the MPI engine were generally smaller. The results suggest that both n-butanol and isobutanol are viable fuels, which could be considered as an alternative to ethanol.
PL
W artykule opisane zostały zagadnienia poprawy sprawności ogólnej spalinowego silnika z zapłonem iskrowym poprzez zastosowanie podwyższonego stopnia sprężania. Autorzy opisali znane możliwości konstrukcyjne w zakresie umożliwiającym ruch głowicy cylindrowej, zastosowania tłoków dwuelementowych, mimośrodowego łożyskowania wału korbowego, zmiany wymiaru wykorbienia lub korbowodu, zastosowania dodatkowej komory spalania czy podziału wału korbowego i zastosowania przekładni. W końcowej części artykułu przedstawiono zestawienie podsumowujące opisane rozwiązania konstrukcyjne.
EN
In the article the issues to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion spark ignition engine through with the used of high compression ratio were described. The authors construction possibilities in the area of enabling the movement of the cylinder head, use two-element pistons, the crankshaft eccentric bearing, changing the dimension of double crank or connection-rod, using an additional combustion chamber or division of the connection-rod and use of the transmission were shown. In the final part of the article summary of the described construction solutions was presented.
PL
W artykule opisane zostały zagadnienia poprawy sprawności ogólnej spalinowego silnika z zapłonem iskrowym. Autorzy przedstawili możliwości wpływu na parametry pracy silnika przez zwiększenie jego stopnia sprężania. Główna część artykułu dotyczy koncepcji zapobiegania spalaniu stukowemu w silniku o zwiększonym stopniu sprężania. Zaproponowano przeciwdziałanie spalaniu stukowemu poprzez dawkowanie paliwa o podwyższonej liczbie oktanowej. W artykule zaprezentowano również ideę pomiarów, stanowisko pomiarowe niezbędne do przeprowadzania badań eksperymentalnych oraz uzyskane wyniki i rezultaty.
EN
In the article issues to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion spark ignition engine were described. Authors the possibility of influence the engine parameters by increasing the compression ratio were presented. In the main part of the article the concept of knock combustion prevention in engine with a higher compression ratio was referred. Knock combustion counteraction through increased octane number fuel supply was proposed. In the article idea of the measurement with necessary to experimental tests measuring station and the results and outcomes were presented.
EN
The misfire effect in an automotive ignition circuits is caused by parasitic spark plug shunt resistance resulting in leakage current flow. The main explanation for leakage current flow through a spark plug insulator is insulator surface contamination or dielectric failure. Practical measurements show that the spark plug waveforms analysis could be used for diagnostic purposes to recognize the presence of shunt resistance in secondary ignition circuit. A novel method of leakage current simulation and a prototype of an adjustable ignition coil electric load able to operate at high – voltage were proposed. Energy dissipated by adjustable electric load, spark plug voltage and leakage current measurement results were presented. A change in the shape of spark plug voltage and current waveforms caused by leakage current was analyzed and discussed.
PL
Zjawisko wypadania zapłonu w samochodowych układach zapłonowych wywołane jest obecnością niepożądanej rezystancji bocznikującej, która wywołuje przepływ prądu upływu. Głównym powodem obecności prądu upływu izolatora jest zanieczyszczenie jego powierzchni lub degradacja właściwości izolacyjnych dielektryka. Wyniki pomiarów wykonywanych w praktyce dowodzą, że analiza przebiegu napięcia na świecy zapłonowej może być wykorzystana na potrzeby identyfikacji obecności rezystancji bocznikującej w obwodzie wtórnym cewki zapłonowej. W pracy zaproponowano nową metodę symulacji przepływu prądu upływu oraz prototyp regulowanego obciążenia obwodu wtórnego cewki zapłonowej mogącego funkcjonować w warunkach wysokiego napięcia. Przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów energii rozproszonej dzięki regulowanemu obciążeniu, napięcia na świecy zapłonowej oraz natężenia prądu upływu. Dokonano analizy wpływu obecności prądu upływu na kształt wykresów napięcia i prądu świecy zapłonowej.
first rewind previous Strona / 3 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.