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The role of EU public diplomacy in affecting international security in the context of the development of the outer space traffic management

Borek Rafał, Woźnica Justyna, Malawski Marek

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

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2022

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R. 7, Nr 13

75--92

EN

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to identify the role of international diplomacy in shaping the outer Space Traffic Management. Methods: The theoretical research methods were used in this paper - analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization. Results: The article presents the potential possibility of not only gaining the public awareness in the area of space traffic management problems thanks to the international mandate of institutions such as the European Union (EU) or NATO, but also its attempt to indicate the role of European institutions in shaping international security in the context of the development of space traffic management at the global level. Conclusions: Taking into consideration all potential space threats and military and non-military issues of building international security we can find straight links of complexity with the outer space environment and multilateral diplomacy. It sems to be the most efficient tool to build resilience in the environment of international institutions of strategic status to establish space situational awareness of key importance for future global defence and deterrence. Taking a huge intensity of space traffic management, especially with the example of the tensed conflict in Ukraine since 24th February 2022 we are witnessing the new era of space technological resolutions. The awareness should also concern the possibility of technical achievement, as the example done by Chinese or Russians that can destroy satellites in orbit in case of the possible conflict scenario in the space.

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The Nomenclature of War and Genocide : the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

Keefe Thomas E.

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

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2022

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R. 7, Nr 13

75--82

EN

Objectives: An analysis of the nomenclature of war regarding the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Methods: The research methods include a historical analysis of the naming of wars, specifically the term “World War III,” and documentation of the current political and military situation. Results: The article answers three research questions: 1) How and why are wars named? 2) What is meant by the phrase “World War III”? 3) Is the Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022 a global conflict? 4) What are the ramifications of the conflict in terms of human rights (genocide) and the international system (political and economic)? Conclusions: The Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022 is not a regional act of aggression by a Russian belligerent state, but the escalation of imperialist aspirations into a global and genocidal conflict. This is a renewed Cold War that ought to be framed as World War III both in regards to collective numeration as well as a recognition of the global nature and potential regarding the use of tactical nuclear weapons.

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Safety and security in space traffic management regulations

Polkowska Małgorzata

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2019

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R. 9, Nr 15

287--303

EN

The Space Traffic Management (STM) is a new concept referring to the space activities. The highest priority is safety and security of outer space and all conducted operations. There is no definition of STM. There is an urgent need to regulate STM providing safety and security regulations at international, regional and national level. Due to the fact that there is no STM definition, the regulator might use the example of existing regulations of International Civil Aviation Organization on Air Traffic Management (ATM). There are many questions, still open, regarding specific regulations needed and at which level they should be made: globally or nationally.

PL

Zarządzanie ruchem kosmicznym to nowe pojęcie odnoszące się do działań kosmicznych. Dużą rolę przywiązuje się w nim do zasad bezpieczeństwa podejmowanej w przestrzeni kosmicznej działalności operacyjnej. Z uwagi na zwiększającą się aktywność państw w Kosmosie i coraz więcej obiektów tam umieszczanych, ważne jest, aby uregulować zasady korzystania z przestrzeni kosmicznej, na zasadzie analogii do zarządzania ruchem lotniczym w przestrzeni powietrznej państw. Artykuł podejmuje ten problem i rozważa się w nim m.in. kwestie dotyczące regulacji na szczeblu międzynarodowym, europejskim i krajowym. Można tu skorzystać z rozwiązań aneksów do konwencji chicagowskiej z 1944 r. i doświadczeń Organizacji Międzynarodowego Lotnictwa Cywilnego w tym zakresie.