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1

The role of the iconicity of sound within the multisensory environment

Haverkamp Michael

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2022

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Vol. 33, nr 1

art. no. 2022106

EN

The iconicity of perceived content includes all associative aspects that are intuitively attributed to the stimuli. Sound thus communicates information on the nature of its source. Associative content is essential for the fit of specific sounds in the total background and in the whole multisensory environment. Psychoacoustic parameters of sound contribute to the overall perceptual appearance of auditory elements, but iconicity and semantic content are determining the meaning of sound, which is most important to the listener. An objective iconicity analysis is introduced for the assessment of multisensory aspects of an environment. It is configured for the intuitive selection of appropriate images from a large dataset. In contrast to the common procedure of image-based soundscape analysis, the pictures refer to perceived single aspects, features of materials touched, functional aspects of processes, and emotions. It has successfully been applied to visual and tactile stimuli. Its expected benefit for sound evaluations is discussed.

2

Quality assessment of speech signals under a process of echo cancelation in telecommunications systems

Dobrucki Andrzej, Kin Maurycy, Walczyński Maciej

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2022

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Vol. 33, nr 1

art. no. 2022111

EN

The phenomenon of echo in the telecommunications channels is caused by the reflection of an electrical signal in a long line. In order to improve the quality of the transmitted sound, various adaptive filters are used to remove or at least reduce the level of the reflected delayed signal. However, such a process may result in a degradation in the quality of speech, although its intelligibility may not get worse. The work presents the results of subjective studies on assessing the quality of speech signals under the process of acoustic echo cancellation using different algorithms. The algorithms studied were: LMS (Least Mean Squares), NLMS (Normalized Least Mean Squares) and AP (Affine Projection). The study consisted of assessing the signal quality after applying the echo elimination process using the Degradation Category Rating method. A total of 312 signals were used in the test: 192 male speech and 120 female speech samples. Echo simulation was used using different delay times and levels of echo signal. Both types of speech have signal delay times of 20 ms, 50 ms, 100 ms and 200 ms with echo level values of -6 dB, -12 dB, -18 dB and -24 dB. In addition, for female speech signals, a delay time of 150 ms was introduced. The study involved 14 people aged between 18 and 38, including six women and eight men. All subjects had normal good hearing. Seven listeners had participated in subjective listening tests of the sound quality assessment previously. The listeners’ opinions were collected on prepared questionnaire. It was found that the highest ratings were given to the AP filter, while the worst ratings were featured the NLMS. It should also be noted that the range between the results obtained for AP and NLMS for female speech is smaller in comparison to male. It is also interesting that the discrepancy in ratings was greatest for a delay time of 100 ms for the AP filter and 200 ms for the LMS filter. It can therefore be concluded from the obtained results that, in the case of acoustic echo cancelation, AP filter introduced the lowest quality degradation while the LMS achieved slightly worse average ratings when compared to the AP filter . The NLMS filter characterized by the worst ratings, and in some cases received twice the quality degradation compared to the AP filter.

3

Stanowisko badawcze CIOP-PIB do badań percepcji dźwięku przestrzennego z zastosowaniem techniki ambisonicznej

Szczepański G., Morzyński L., Pleban D., Młyński R.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2018

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nr 10

24-27

PL

W warunkach środowiska pracy sygnały akustyczne mogą być źródłem informacji wpływającej na bezpieczeństwo pracowników. Możliwości percepcji dźwięków, słyszenia kierunkowego czy też orientacji przestrzennej osób w środowisku pracy zależą od szeregu czynników, takich jak właściwości akustyczne pomieszczeń pracy, hałas i jego parametry, ubytki słuchu, stosowanie ochron słuchu czy protez słuchu. Badanie wpływu tych czynników na wymienione możliwości (percepcja, słyszenie kierunkowe, orientacja) wymaga zastosowania dźwięku przestrzennego i ma istotne znaczenie dla tworzenia bezpiecznych warunków pracy. W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe informacje na temat techniki ambisonicznej jako jednej z technik przetwarzania dźwięku przestrzennego. Scharakteryzowano wykonane w Centralnym Instytucie Ochrony Pracy – Państwowym Instytucie Badawczym stanowisko laboratoryjne umożliwiające prowadzenie (z wykorzystaniem techniki ambisonicznej) badań percepcji dźwięków, słyszenia kierunkowego i orientacji przestrzennej osób.

EN

Acoustic signals can be a source of information affecting workers’ safety in the working environment. Sound perception, directional hearing and spatial orientation of people in the working environment depend on a number of factors, such as acoustic properties of the work room, noise and its parameters, the use of hearing protection, hearing loss or the use of hearing aids. Learning about the impact of these factors on perception, directional hearing and orientation requires using spatial sound and is essential for creating safe working conditions. This article presents basic information about ambisonics, a technique of spatial sound processing, and a test stand developed at the Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute for research on sound perception, directional hearing and spatial orientation of people using ambisonics.

4

Objectivization of Audio-Visual Correlation Analysis

Kunka B., Kostek B.

Archives of Acoustics

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2012

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Vol. 37, No. 1

63-72

EN

Simultaneous perception of audio and visual stimuli often causes concealment or misrepresentation of information actually contained in these stimuli. Such effects are called the "image proximity effect" or the "ventriloquism effect" in the literature. Until recently, most research carried out to understand their nature was based on subjective assessments. The authors of this paper propose a methodology based on both subjective and objectively retrieved data. In this methodology, objective data reflect the screen areas that attract most attention. The data were collected and processed by an eye-gaze tracking system. To support the proposed methodology, two series of experiments were conducted – one with a commercial eye-gaze tracking system Tobii T60, and another with the Cyber-Eye system developed at the Multimedia Systems Department of the Gdańsk University of Technology. In most cases, the visual-auditory stimuli were presented using a 3D video. It was found that the eye-gaze tracking system did objectivize the results of experiments. Moreover, the tests revealed a strong correlation between the localization of a visual stimulus on which a participant’s gaze focused and the value of the "image proximity effect". It was also proved that gaze tracking may be useful in experiments which aim at evaluation of the proximity effect when presented visual stimuli are stereoscopic.

5

Emisja akustyczna a jakość suchych produktów zbożowych

Marzec A., Lewicki P.P., Ranachowski Z.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2003

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T. 57, nr 9

40-42

PL

Przedstawiono obecny stan wiedzy na temat emisji akustycznej (EA). W badaniach dotyczących chrupkości produktów spożywczych eksponuje się wrażenia akustyczne, uważając, że to ona w głównej mierze decyduje o ocenie konsumenckiej. Należy jednak podkreślić, że emisja akustyczna powstająca w czasie jedzenia nie była przedmiotem licznych badań i w ocenie autorów niniejszego opracowania jest cechą niedocenioną przy ocenie jakości produktów spożywczych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na możliwości stosowania tej metody w badaniach jakości suchych produktów zbożowych. Omówiono percepcję dźwięku, zastosowania metody EA, oraz jej zalety.

EN

Recent stare of knowledge considering acoustic emission is presented in this review. Research on crunchiness of food products suggests that sound perception is the main quality attribute affecting acceptance of the product by consumers. It is stressed that sound generated during eating was not a subject of thorough investigation and is not sufficiently appreciated during the evaluation of food quality. Methods to register and evaluate acoustic emission are presented in the paper, as well as the perception of the emitted sound by consumers. The use of acoustic emission as a method of food quality evaluation is described. Other applications of acoustic emission are described and pros and cons of the method as well.