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1 2007

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Badanie efektywności koagulacji powierzchniowej w złożach antracytowo-piaskowych i sorpcji na węglu aktywnym w procesie uzdatniania wody powierzchniowej charakterystycznej dla zlewni górskiej

Rak A.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

2007

T. 10, nr 4

321-337

Omówiono wyniki badań uzdatniania wody powierzchniowej charakterystycznej dla zlewni górskiej. Niezależnie od badań technologicznych dokonano analizy zmienności właściwości fizyczno-chemicznych badanej wody. Badania prowadzono w następującym układzie technologicznym: cedzenie przez sito, ozonowanie wstępne, korekta odczynu wodą wapienną, koagulacja siarczanem glinowym, flokulacja, filtracja przez złoże antracytowo-piaskowe, ozonowanie wtórne, sorpcja na złożu węgla aktywnego. Efektywność procesu koagulacji powierzchniowej badano w złożu antracytowo-piaskowym, a sorpcji na trzech rodzajach węgla aktywnego, oznaczając barwę, mętność, pH, utlenialność, OWO. Opierając się na wynikach badań, wyznaczono optymalny układ technologiczny dla składu wody charakterystycznej w danym okresie oraz parametry procesu filtracji na filtrach antracytowo-piaskowych i węglu aktywnym. Wskazano rodzaj węgla aktywnego, dającego najlepsze efekty usunięcia zanieczyszczeń z badanej wody. W podsumowaniu artykułu sformułowano wnioski co do znaczenia koagulacji powierzchniowej i sorpcji na węglu aktywnym w procesie uzdatniania wód charakterystycznych dla zlewni górskich.

The article focuses on the results of technology examinations of surface water treatment process. The examinations were based on water coming from a mountain reservoir of a changeable quality content. At the same time there was a physical and chemical analysis of the examined water carried out. The research was based on a templet which allowed for the following technology configuration: sieving with use of a 0 1 mm sieving plant, introductory ozonation, correction of pH with time water, coagulation, flocculation, anthracite and sand deposit filtration, derivative ozonation, sorption on active coal. The examination of coagulation on anthracite and sand deposit process's effectiveness was carried out on the basis of water taken from Sosnówka reservoir, which is located at the bottom of Karkonosze mountains near Jelenia Góra and at Podgórna river, the latter to supply the reservoir with water in the future. There were 27 water quality factors that were examined. The water in summer and autumn time was of very little both alkalinity (up to 0.75 mval/dm3) and thickness (up to 0.96 mval/dm3). Water pH was very near the neutral level. The water colour was at the low level and its value was of up to 17 mgPt/dm3. Level of contamination caused by organic compounds was very low. Water content was very changeable in spring time due to melting snow and ice. Water pH was below the neutral level and its value reached up to pH = 7.1. Oxidability level was at the same level 4.6-5.1 mgO2/dm3. In periods of heavy rains water muddiness level was up to 30 NTU and its colour level reached 40 mgPt/dm3. At the same time there were examinations carried out on a templet which aimed at examining water treatment process with regard to various amounts of reacting substances in processes such as: surface water coagulation, correction pf pH and introductory and derivative ozonation before sorption on active coal. Acceleration filters were filled with a layer of quartz sand and a layer of anthracite. Coal filters were filled with 3 types of active coal. Effects of coagulation on sand and anthracite deposit were examines with regard to 5 and 7 m/h filtration speeds and 6 m/h sorption speed. In acceleration filtration process the colour factor level was reduced of 41.2%, the muddiness factor was reduced of 66.7% and organic coal factor was reduced of 10.7%. In process of sorption on active coal the colour factor was reduced of 80% and the organic coal amount factor was reduced of between 50 and 73%. Effectiveness depended on a type of active coal being applied after introductory ozonation process had been supplied. The technology examinations made it necessary to use introductory ozonation (being applied before surface water coagulation) in compliance with derivative ozonation process (being applied before sorption on active coal). To conclude, effectiveness of sorption is subject to introductory ozonation's appliance. The examinations indicated a necessity to vary amounts of reacting substances in water treatment process being. Their amounts depended on a quality of water. In period of melting snow it is necessary to increase the following amounts: of ozone from 0.75 to 1.4 mgO3/dm3, of coagulant from 1.0 to 1.6 mgAl/dm3 and Ca from 5÷10 to 14÷16 mgCaO/dm3 due to a bad quality of water. In winter period coagulation process is not needed to deliver a good quality of water. In the summary there are 3 final conclusions drawn.