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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as a tool for identification of combustion products : application to black layers in speleothems

Pawlyta M., Hercman H.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2016

Vol. 86, No. 2

237--248

The present study deals with the application of High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) to dark layers, occurring in the speleothems of Domica Cave (Slovakia). Chemical pre-treatment was necessary for sample purification and the effective extraction of carbon soot. For purposes of comparison, soot aggregates obtained from laboratory experiments on the combustion of beech wood and collected from a diesel engine also were studied. HRTEM analyses of combustion products permit a distinction to be made between soot aggregates that originated in different combustion processes. The diameter of spherical, primary particles depends on the conditions of combustion, notably temperature. Burning in diesel engines produces soot with relatively small, primary particles (diameter dp = 34 ± 4 nm). Primary, spherical particles of soot aggregates, obtained from the combustion of beech wood, were larger (diameter dp = 42 ± 5 nm). The diameters of primary particles of soot separated from Domica flowstones (samples DOM1 and DOM2) were similar to the wood samples (dp = 50 ± 9 nm). Another type of carbonaceous particle, obtained in the combustion process, had a spherical shape, but the diameter of about 50–500 nm was significantly larger than that of soot. Analyses performed on two samples (DOM S1 and DOM S2) confirmed that the black laminae owed their colour to particles, formed during wood combustion and later retained in the speleothems.

Wpływ zawartości mucyn w śluzie na dyfuzję agregatów sadzy

Penconek A., Moskal A.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

2014

Nr 4

282--283

Celem pracy było zbadanie dyfuzji agregatów sadzy przez warstwę sztucznego śluzu o zawartości mucyn 2, 8, 15 i 20% mas. Transport cząstek o kształcie kulistym przez śluz, jak również wpływ właściwości śluzu na transport substancji wewnątrz niego, jest szeroko opisywany w literaturze, brak jest natomiast badań dotyczących dyfuzji obiektów fraktalopodobnych, jak np. agregatów sadzy przez śluz. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że transport fraktalopodobnych agregatów sadzy jest spowalniany przez śluz wraz ze wzrostem zawartości mucyn powyżej 15% masowych.

The aim of this study was to determine the diffusion of soot aggregate through mucus as a function of mucin concentration (2%, 8%, 15% and 20%). Transfer of spherical particles through mucus and the influence of mucus properties on the transportation are widely described in literature however studies on fractal-like aggregate transfer are scarce. The obtained results showed that the transportation of fractal-like aggregates such as soot aggregates through the mucus is slower when mucin concentration was higher than 15%.