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1
Content available remote Weld joint properties of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel using multi-pass GMA welding
Kumar Naveen, Arora Navneet, Goel S. K.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
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2020
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Vol. 20, no. 3
266--278
EN
The welding of nitrogen (0.29 wt%)-alloyed austenitic steel (grade 23-8-N) was performed with gas metal arc welding process. Solution treatment was performed at 950 °C and 1150 °C on base metal prior to weld. Base metal after second treatment has maximum ultimate tensile strength of 942 MPa and impact toughness 66 J. The microstructures of different zones of the weld joint were characterized using an optical microscope and field scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The microhardness, tensile and impact toughness tests of the weldments were conducted along with weld ferrite evaluation. ER2209 duplex filler metal used for welding has lower C and N content which changed the weld solidification mode. Weld has microstructure containing austenite + ferrite. Being a strong austenite former, nitrogen caused minimum ferrite near weld–HAZ interface while maximum ferrite content was observed at weld centre. Weld metal has minimum while base metal has maximum microhardness. UTS (892 MPa) and impact strength (96 J) of weld made on 1150 °C solution-treated base metal were maximum as compared to other weld joints.
2
Content available The effect of load on the tribological properties of magnesium alloy WE54 after precipitation hardening
Barylski A., Aniołek K., Kupka M., Dworak M.
Tribologia
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2017
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nr 4
11--15
EN
The paper presents the effect of precipitation hardening on the mechanical and tribological properties of magnesium alloy WE54. Mechanical tests have shown that the hardness and Young’s modulus of the alloy increased as the ageing time became longer. Improvement of the mechanical properties had a direct influence on the tribological properties. Tribological tests were performed on a ball-on-disk tribometer, applying variable loads of 2, 5, and 10 N. In the tests, a more than fourfold decrease in the specific wear rate, a threefold reduction in the linear wear, and a ca. 20% reduction of the friction coefficient were observed. The best results were obtained for ageing time of 24 h. The extension of the heat treatment time to 48h caused overageing of the alloy, which resulted in the deterioration of its mechanical and tribological properties.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wpływ utwardzania wydzieleniowego na właściwości mechaniczne i tribologiczne stopu magnezu WE54. Badania mechaniczne wykazały, że wraz ze wzrostem czasu starzenia rosła twardość i moduł Younga stopu. Poprawa właściwości mechanicznych miała bezpośredni wpływ na właściwości tribologiczne. Badania tribologiczne przeprowadzono na stanowisku ball-on-disk, zastosowano zmienne obciążenie (2, 5 i 10 N). Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono ponad 4-krotne obniżenie specific wear rate, 3-krotne ograniczenie zużycia liniowego i ok. 20% spadek współczynnika tarcia. Najkorzystniejsze wyniki uzyskano dla czasu starzenia 24 h. Wydłużenie czasu obróbki cieplnej do 48 h powodowało przestarzenie stopu, co skutkowało pogorszeniem właściwości mechanicznych i tribologicznych.
3
Content available The influence of solution treatment on the structure and mechanical and tribological properties of magnesium alloy WE54
Barylski A., Aniołek K., Dworak M.
Tribologia
|
2016
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nr 3
19--28
EN
The paper presents the influence of solution treatment on the mechanical and tribological properties of the WE54 magnesium alloy. The investigated alloy was solution treated at a temperature of 545oC for 8 hours and cooled in ice water (0oC), in room temperature water (20oC), and in hot water (95oC). Depending on the applied solution treatment parameters, a diversified decrease in hardness and Young's modulus was obtained. The lowest values of hardness H and modulus E were obtained when cooling in ice water. Abrasive wear of alloy WE54 was tested using a ball-on-disc tribometer (with a ZrO2 ball). The tests have shown more than a threefold reduction in the volumetric wear and a twofold reduction in the linear wear, as well as favourable changes of the friction coefficient (a 20% decrease) as compared to the material in the as received condition.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wpływ przesycania na właściwości mechaniczne i tribologiczne stopu magnezu WE54. Badany stop przesycano w temperaturze 545oC, w czasie 8 h, z chłodzeniem w wodzie z lodem (0oC), w wodzie o temperaturze pokojowej (20oC) i w wodzie gorącej (95oC). W zależności od zastosowanych parametrów procesu przesycania uzyskano zróżnicowany spadek twardości oraz modułu Younga. Najmniejsze wartości twardości H i modułu E uzyskano przy zastosowaniu chłodzenia w wodzie z lodem. Badania zużycia ściernego stopu WE54 przeprowadzono na tribometrze o skojarzeniu kula (ZrO2) – tarcza. Wykazano ponad 3-krotne ograniczenie zużycia objętościowego i 2-krotne zmniejszenie zużycia liniowego, korzystne zmiany odnotowano także w przypadku współczynnika tarcia (spadek o 20%) w stosunku do materiału w stanie dostawy.
4
Content available Resistance to Abrasive Wear and Volume Fraction of Carbides in Cast High-manganese Austenitic Steel with Composite Structure
Tęcza G., Głownia J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2015
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Vol. 15, iss. 4
129--133
EN
Cast Hadfield steel is characterised by high abrasion resistance, provided, however, that it is exposed to the effect of dynamic loads. During abrasion without loading, e.g. under the impact of loose sand jet, its wear resistance drops very drastically. To increase the abrasion resistance of this alloy under the conditions where no pressure is acting, primary vanadium carbides are formed in the metallurgical process, to obtain a composite structure after the melt solidification. The primary, very hard, carbides uniformly distributed in the austenitic matrix are reported to double the wear resistance of samples subjected to the effect of a silicon carbide-water mixture.
5
Content available Effect of Heat Treatment on Change Microstructure of Cast High-manganese Hadfield Steel with Elevated Chromium Content
Tęcza G., Sobula S.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2014
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Vol. 14, iss. 3 spec.
67--70
EN
Cast Hadfield steel is a material with high resistance to abrasion, provided, however, that it is used under the conditions of high dynamic loads. To increase the wear resistance of the alloy under the conditions in which no large pressures are operating, carbide-forming elements are introduced to the alloy. However, this leads to the precipitation in castings, mainly at the grain boundaries, of increased amounts of complex carbides. The heat treatment of cast Hadfield steel consists in solutioning to obtain a purely austenitic structure with no carbide precipitates. Changes in microstructure as a function of the changing temperature of the solution treatment were traced in hammers for crushers cast from high-manganese steel with an addition of chromium (1.7% C, 16% Mn and 1.4% Cr). It has been found that the use of the solution treatment temperatures much higher or prolongation of the solutioning time (compared to standard heat treatment) does not lead to the formation of a purely austenitic structure.
6
Content available remote Effect of solution treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of 2099 Al–Li alloy
Lin Y., Zheng Z. Q., Li S. C.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
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2014
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Vol. 14, no. 1
61--71
EN
The influence of the solution treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of 2099 Al–Li alloy was investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and tensile properties measurement. With increasing solution temperature, the quantity of primary particles in the alloy decreased, and the degree of recrystallization gradually increased, leading to softening of solution treated alloy. Dissolution of primary particles in the solution treatment process promoted δ′ and T1 phases to precipitate during sequent aging treatment resulting in increase of strength. The number of T1 phases increased to peak value when the alloy was solution treated at 540 °C because almost no further dissolution of Cu-containing particles occurred at higher temperature. However, exorbitant solution temperature caused the drastic increase in the size and quantity of recrystallized grains that softened the alloy. Thus, mechanical properties of aged alloy were determined by two mechanisms: precipitation strengthening and solution softening. Compared with solution temperature, solution time had less effect on microstructures and mechanical properties of alloy. The suitable solution treatment for 2099 Al–Li alloy was 540 °C for 1 h, treated by which the yield strength of the aged alloy was 604 MPa with the elongation of 7.9%.
7
Content available remote The Structure Analysis of Secondary (Recycled) AlSi9Cu3 Cast Alloy with and without Heat Treatment
Hurtalová L., Tillová E., Chalupová M.
Engineering Transactions
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2013
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Vol. 61, iss. 3
197--218
EN
Al-Si alloys are very universal materials, comprising of from 85% to 90% of the aluminium cast parts produced for the automotive industry (e.g. various motor mounts, engine parts, cylinder heads, pistons, valve retainer, compressor parts, etc.). Production of primary Al- alloys belong to heavy source fouling of life environs. Care of environment of aluminium is connected to the decreasing consumption of resource as energy, materials, water, and soil, and with an increase in recycling and extension life of products in industry. Recycled (secondary) aluminium alloys are made out of Al-scrap and workable Al-garbage by recycling. The automotive casts from aluminium alloys are heat treated for achieving better properties. Al-Si alloys contain more addition elements, that form various intermetallic phases in the structure. They usually contain a certain amount of Fe, Mn, Mg, and Zn that are present either unintentionally, or they are added deliberately to provide special material properties. These elements partly go into the solid solution in the matrix and partly form intermetallic particles during solidification which affect the mechanical properties. Controlling the microstructure of secondary aluminium cast alloy is therefore very important.
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