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1
Content available Analysis of potential improvements in the performance of solenoid injectors in diesel engines
Vrublevskyi Oleksandr, Wierzbicki Sławomir
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
|
2023
|
Vol. 25, no. 3
art. no. 166493
EN
Efficient fuel injection and exhaust gas cleaning systems are needed to promote the development of high-performance internal combustion systems and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Electronically controlled injection systems enable nearly unlimited control over system components whose operation is limited by the inertia of moving parts and other physical phenomena. In the present study, a novel technology for manufacturing magnetic cores was proposed to improve the performance of solenoid injectors in Diesel engines. The conducted simulations and experiments revealed that the developed technology can increase the speed of solenoid injectors. In the proposed solution, the fuel dose was split to effectively control the injection process and improve engine performance.
2
Content available Analysis of the cost of leaks from the water supply system, including methods to reduce water consumption
Knapik Maciej
Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
|
2022
|
Nr 84
73--92
EN
The article presents an economic analysis of water leaks from the water suply system on the example of a single-family house, taking into account methods aimed at preventing uncontrolled water losses, including also water consumption reducing methods. The analysis was conducted for selected variants in the economic aspect. The research included measurements of water consumption on the main water meter and specially prepared containers for measuring water leaks. Simple leaks that are not easily visible can generate over 1700 PLN additional costs per year for the household budget. The results of the analyses carried out make it possible to assess which variant of the analysis is the most favourable in economic terms, making it possible to reduce water consumption by up to 60% of the standard consumption. The payback time for the analyzed variants varies from 5 to about 310 days.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę ekonomiczną wycieków wody z sieci wodociągowej na przykładzie domu jednorodzinnego, z uwzględnieniem metod mających na celu zapobieganie niekontrolowanym stratom wody, w tym również metod ograniczających zużycie wody. Analizę przeprowadzono dla wybranych wariantów w aspekcie ekonomicznym. Badania obejmowały pomiary zużycia wody na wodomierzu głównym oraz specjalnie przygotowane pojemniki do pomiaru wycieków wody. Proste wycieki, które nie są łatwo widoczne, mogą narazić budżet domowy na dodatkowe koszty w wysokości ponad 1700 zł rocznie. Wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz pozwalają ocenić, który wariant jest najkorzystniejszy pod względem ekonomicznym, umożliwiając zmniejszenie zużycia wody nawet o 60% zużycia standardowego. Czas zwrotu nakładów dla analizowanych wariantów waha się od 5 do około 310 dni.
3
Content available remote High-speed friction welding as an innovative technology for joining solenoid valve elements made of steel grades 11SMnPb37 and 11SMn37
Miara Damian, Matusiak Jolanta, Pietras Adam, Świetlik Mateusz
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
|
2021
|
Vol. 65, No. 4
25--32
EN
High-speed friction welding (HSFW) is a solid-state joining process involving the use of friction heat emitted during the technological process. The application of the HSFW technology enables the fast and repeatable making of joints characterised by favourable properties. The article presents tests concerning the development of the HSFW-based technology enabling the joining of solenoid valve elements made of two grades of free-cutting steel, i.e. 11SMnPb37 and 11SMn37. The article also discusses the course of technological tests, the making of a test rig, the determination of ranges of technological parameters and selected test results concerning welded joints.
PL
Zgrzewanie tarciowe wysokoobrotowe HSFW jest procesem spajania w stanie stałym i stanowi przykład wykorzystania ciepła tarcia wydzielającego się w trakcie procesu technologicznego. Zastosowanie tej technologii zgrzewania pozwala wykonywać połączenia w sposób szybki, powtarzalny, przy zachowaniu stosunkowo wysokich własności powstałych złączy. W artykule przedstawiono badania nad opracowaniem technologii zgrzewania HSFW elementów elektrozaworów wykonanych ze stali automatowej dwóch gatunków ̶ 11SMnPb37 oraz 11SMn37. Przedstawiono przebieg prób technologicznych, budowę stanowiska badawczego, wyznaczono zakresy parametrów technologicznych oraz zaprezentowano wybrane wyniki badań złączy zgrzewanych.
4
Content available remote Improvement of solenoid valve performance by axial slots inserted in the armature
Goraj R.
Engineering Transactions
|
2017
|
Vol. 65, iss. 2
269--287
EN
The article presents numerical investigations of the influence of axial slots inserted in the armature of a solenoid valve (SV) on the magnetic and frictional force acting on the armature during its movement. The numerical computations were performed using the method of finite differences. The computational room of the magnetic solution was the radial air gap of a SV. In the case of the fluid mechanical solution the computation room was the oil film. Both of these rooms were functions of the circumferential position of the armature. These computational rooms were transformed to the co-ordinate system in each they get a rectangle. This transformation was performed by means of the Laplace operator derived using a function shoal and the differential geometry. The computed distributions of magnetic energy density in the radial air gap and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density on the side surface of the eccentrically positioned armature in the magnet yoke were presented and discussed. These distributions in the case of both slotted and non-slotted armature were visualised in the transformed co-ordinate systems and compared to one another. Also the distribution of the oil velocity in the oil film and the distribution of the shear stress vector at two different temperatures were shown in figures.
5
Content available Re-derivation of Laplace operator on curvilinear coordinates used for the computation of force acting in solenoid valves
Goraj R.
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics
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2016
|
Vol. 15, nr 1
25--38
EN
This article presents two mathematical methods of derivation of the Laplace operator in a given curvilinear co-ordinate system. This co-ordinate system is defined in the area between the armature and the yoke of a high-speed solenoid valve (HSV). The Laplace operator can further be used for the numerical solving of the Laplace’s equation in order to determine the electromagnetic force acting on the armature of the HSV. In further steps the author derived an expression for the gradient and the vector surface element of the armature side surface in this co-ordinate system. The solution of the derivation was compared with one other solution derived in the past for the computational investigations on HSVs.
6
Content available Impact of the sleeve thickness on the armature eccentricity in a solenoid valve
Goraj R.
Archives of Electrical Engineering
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2016
|
Vol. 65, nr 2
371--382
EN
Most studies on solenoid valves (SVs) assumed that the armature is concentrically positioned in the sleeve. Under this assumption the transversal component of the magnetic force is equal zero. The article presents an analytical calculation model for the estimation of the armature eccentricity. Using this model the eccentricity was calculated as a function of the sleeve thickness and the hydraulic clearance between the armature and the sleeve. After finding the eccentricity also the permeance of the radial air gap was calculated. This permeance has a direct influence on the drop of the magnetomotive force in the magnetic circuit and finally influences also the axial component of the magnetic force. In the article a calculation of both transversal and axial components of the magnetic force was carried out and presented in the appendix to the article.
7
Content available Viscous and magnetic force acting in a high speed solenoid valve
Goraj R.
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
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2016
|
Vol. 10, nr 32
132--143
EN
Viscous and the magnetic force acting on the armature of a high speed solenoid valve (SV) during its closure movement were identified numerically using a novel computational method. The numerical solutions were compared to the analytical ones. The derivation steps of the analytical formulas were presented. The convergence of the numerical solution was shown in figures. The deviation between the numerically and analytically obtained forces was listed in tables. The distribution of the calculation error was presented in figures by means of the magnitude of the magnetic flux density and the viscous stress.
8
Content available Impact of the pulse width modulation on the temperature distribution in the armature of a solenoid valve
Goraj R.
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
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2015
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Vol. 20, no. 4
773--786
EN
In order to estimate the inductive power set in the armature of the high-speed solenoid valve (HSV) during the open loop control (OLC) using pulse width modulation (PWM) an analytical explicit formula has been derived. The simplifications taken both in the geometry and in the physical behavior of the HSV were described. The inductive power was calculated for different boundary conditions and shown as a function of the frequency of the coil current. The power set in the armature was used as an input to the thermal calculation. The thermal calculation had an objective to estimate the time dependent temperature distribution in the armature of the HSV. All the derivation steps were presented and the influence of different boundary conditions was shown and discussed. The increase of the temperature during the heating with inductive power has been evaluated both in the core and on the side surface of the HSV.
9
Content available remote Innowacyjne wyspy zaworowe ASCO Numatics serii 2000
Krajewski M.
Napędy i Sterowanie
|
2012
|
R. 14, nr 9
81--82
PL
W dobie postępującej automatyzacji, nacisków na kompaktowość oraz modułowość systemów sterowania warto przyjrzeć się wyspom zaworowym ASCO Numatics serii 2000. Wyspy te występują w czterech typach, związanych wartościami przepływów powietrza. Najbardziej popularne to: seria 2002 z przepływem od 230–275 l/min (w zależności od rodzaju uszczelnienia), seria 2005 z przepływem 600 l/min, seria 2012 z przepływem 1310 oraz seria 2035 z przepływem 3820 l/min. Opcje te gwarantują optymalną dynamikę działania napędów w instalacji Klienta oraz determinują wielkość samego urządzenia.
10
Content available remote Modelowanie hydraulicznego układu sterowania z elektrozaworem impulsowym
Prącik M.
Czasopismo Techniczne. Mechanika
|
2004
|
R. 101, z. 5-M
303--311
PL
W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono modele symulacyjne elementów hydraulicznego układu napędowego, w którym siłownik zapewnia odpowiednie obciążenia wykorzystywane do sterowania przemieszczeniami drgań pewnego układu mechanicznego. Omówiono wymagania, jakie musi spełniać układ zasilania elektrozaworu hydraulicznego, sterowanego napięciowo sygnałem PWM. Przeanalizowano także aspekty modelowania siłownika i innych składowych danego układu mechanicznego.
EN
The paper deals with simulation models of a hydraulic drive system in which the hydraulic actuator provides sufficient force to control vibration displacements of a mechanical system. There are considered requirements that refers both to the application of the PWM switching control system in electro-valve and to the modelling of actuator and other components of overall mechanical subsystem.
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