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The Relationships of Texture and Hydrophysical Properties in Soil Profiles Under Selected Exotic Trees in the Context of Climate Change in Central Europe

Polláková Nora, Šimanský Vladimír, Jonczak Jerzy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

244--252

EN

Suitable soil and environmental conditions are the main prerequisites for successful growth of plants. Generally, all soil properties are substantially affected by textural composition. Therefore, the objective of the study was to test the interrelationships between particle size distribution and such physical soil properties, which usually predetermine the survival/death of plants, since they significantly affect the content and availability of water and air. Textural composition and physical soil properties were studied in profiles under monocultures of selected exotic trees in Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia. The results showed that medium-textured dominated in topsoils, whereas heavy-textured classes were dominant in luvic and stagnic horizons. Evaluation of entire profiles had confirmed standard, expected relationships between the individual grain fractions and soil physical properties. However, differences have occurred when the correlations between texture and physical properties in individual horizons were evaluated. Considering entire soil profiles, increased sand content significantly supported drainage of rainwater and soil aeration; silt contributed to increase the total porosity and aeration as well as available water capacity; clay contributed to the decrease in the available water capacity, total, and particularly coarse porosity and aeration, and to rise water retention, as well as the values of the wilting point. The results showed silt as key fraction providing suitable hydrophysical properties for the survival and growth of trees introduced in Arboretum. In compacted luvic and stagnic horizons, silt was significantly involved in the formation of total, and particularly coarse porosity and thereby increase soil aeration, while conversely, in loose topsoils just silt fraction significantly contributed to the reduction of coarse pores and increase of fine capillary pores and therefore water retention. In loose eluvial horizons, the silt contributed to significant increases in capillary porosity and water availability, which is essential in terms of meeting the plant needs.

2

Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Silicon in Ukrainian Phaozems and Chernozems

Tonkha Oksana, Butenko Andrii, Bykova Olga, Kravchenko Yuriy, Pikovska Olena, Kovalenko Vitalii, Evpak Iryna, Masyk Ihor, Zakharchenko Elina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 2

111--119

EN

This study investigated the spatial variability of the soil silicon content in relation with topography, parent materials, soil texture, soil organic matter, exchangeable cations and pH. Using the experimental data from two longterm sites in the Forest-Steppe area of Ukraine, the SiO2 content was estimated in 60 samples taken from a soil depth 0–25 cm. The accumulation of SiO2 was significantly greater in the soils formed in footslopes. A content of extractable silicon fraction significantly increased from a sandy loam(366–465 mg•kg-1) to medium(670–697 mg•kg-1) and heavy(506–849 mg•kg-1) textured soils. The highest amount of available silicon content was found in the soils containing: 35.0–39.9% of physical clay fraction (< 0.01 mm dia) in Hrytsiv area – 143.0 ± 46 mg•kg-1 and < 25.0% of physical clay fraction in Khrolyn area – 125.0 ±6 mg•kg-1. A significant relationship was found between pHKCl, P2O5, K2O, Mg and both forms of SiO2. There was almost no correlation between available/ extractable SiO2 and exchangeable Ca and ∑ Ca+Mg. Our studies found the best correlation between extractable SiO2 and spring barley yield (r = 0.651; P = 0.041), as well assoluble SiO2 and corn for grain yield (r = 0.514; P = 0.128). No significant relationships were found for sugar beet, winter wheat, sunflower.

3

The importance of volume changes in the determination of soil water retention curves on the East Slovakian Lowland

Kandra Branislav, Gomboš Milan

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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no. 45

54--60

EN

Estimation and application of water retention curves in heavy soils have own specifics. The reason for these specific properties is the composition of the high clay texture. This is manifested by volume changes of soil depending on moisture. Up to 40% change in the volume compared to the saturated state was recorded in the conditions of the East Slovakian Lowland. The results described in this work are based on research work carried out in the East Slovakian Lowland and represent an analysis of selected 42 samples out of a total of 250 samples in which laboratory measurements of soil water retention curves and volume changes were performed. Selected samples represent the localities Senné and Poľany. Volumetric changes were measured in a laboratory by measuring the dimensions of soil samples. Appropriate changes in the volume of soil samples should be measured when determining moisture retention curves. Neglecting this physical effect leads to a distorted determination of the water retention curves in heavy soils. In the laboratory measurement of water retention curves points, changes in the volume of the sample were measured in the range of 0.24–43.67% depending on the soil moisture potential during drainage. In the case of neglecting the effect of shrinkage during the drainage of samples, a certain error is occurring in the calculation of the volumetric moisture. The range of this error was 1–13% of volumetric moisture.

4

Badanie parametrów gleby z terenów przywodnych

Nesteruk O., Łabuz M., Wal A.

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2017

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T. 7, nr 2

70--73

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań próbek gleby z obszaru Podkarpacia pod kątem zawartości wybranych pierwiastków oraz jej składu procentowego. W badaniach wykorzystano zestawy testów kolorymetrycznych oraz spektrometr fluorescencji rentgenowskiej z dyspersją energii, ARL Quart’X EDXRF. Opisano metodologię pobierania próbek oraz stosowane metody badawcze.

EN

In the paper results of investigations of soil samples from Subcarpathian region for chosen elements and the percentage of appearance has been presented. In investigations the fast test method as well as energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer (ARL Quart’X) have been used. The methodology of samples collecting and the principle of the EDXRF operation have been described.

5

Ocena żyzności gleb intensywnie użytkowanych za pomocą wartości indeksu trofizmu gleb leśnych

Mikiciuk G., Tomaszewicz T.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2016

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nr 163 (43)

29--38

PL

Celem pracy była ocena gleb stacji doświadczalnej w Dołujach, jako siedliska leśnego w oparciu o indeks trofizmu gleb leśnych (ITGL). Badano gleby IVa klasy bonitacyjnej, intensywnie użytkowane ogrodniczo. Wartości ITGL, pozwoliły określić że były to hipertroficzne siedliska lasów.

EN

The aim of this research was evaluation of soils in experimental station in Dołuje as forest habitat basing on the forest soil trophism index (FSTI). The studied soils were classified as IVa quality class and were intensively cultivated. The values of FSTI, helped to determine them as hypertrophic forest habitat.

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Przydatność erodowanych gleb porolnych jako siedliska leśnego w oparciu o Indeks Trofizmu Gleb Leśnych (ITGL)

Chudecka J., Tomaszewicz T.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2015

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nr 158 (38)

40--49

PL

W pracy określono, w oparciu o Indeks Trofizmu Gleb Leśnych (ITGL), przydatność jako siedliska leśnego erodowanych gleb porolnych. W oparciu o klasyfikację bonitacyjną gleby te, niezależnie od lokalizacji w rzeźbie terenu, kwalifikują się do borów mieszanych. Według ITGL, gleby na wierzchowinie i zboczu to siedliska lasów mieszanych i lasów, a gleby u podnóża to siedliska lasowe.

EN

Authors in this work determined, on base of Forest Soil Trophism Index (FSTI), the suitability of eroded fallows as forest habitat. On base of soil quality classification these soils independently from localization in relief are habitat of mixed coniferous. According FSTI the soils from summit and slope belong to habitat of mixed forests and forests but soils of delluvial zone belong to habitat of forests.

7

Water and physical characteristics of irrigated soils in the Massif of Mugan-Salyan

Mustafayev M. G.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2012

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no. 17 [VII-XII]

61-67

EN

Detailed information about the water and physical properties of irrigated soils in the Massif of Mugan-Salyan is given in the paper. Results of the study showed differences in the soil properties. The field water capacity of soil in the zone was 25.32-30.30% or 1.26-1.56 g·cm–3, particle density was 2.53-2.88 g·cm–3, porosity - 44.16-54.20%; clay content - 22.54-70.10% and the velocity of soaking the soil with water ranged between 9.24 and 55.84 cm·h–1. Such variability of the indices points to a need for reclamation measures in the soils.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono szczegółowe informacje dotyczące potrzeb wodnych oraz parametrów fizycznych gleb nawadnianych w Masywie Mugaw-Salyan (Azerbejdżan). Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazują różnice wartości parametrów charakteryzujących gleby. Pojemność wodna w strefie do głębokości 1,0 m zawiera się w granicach 25,32-30,30% (1,26–1,56 g·cm–3), gęstość właściwa 2,53-2,88 g·cm–3, porowatość 44,16-54,20%, zawartość cząstek iłowych 22,54-70,10%, prędkość nawilżania gleby 9,24-55,84 cm·h–1. Tak duże zróżnicowanie parametrów wskazuje na potrzeby melioracji tych gleb.

8

Zależność plonowania grochu siewnego od wybranych właściwości gleby

Jaskulska I., Jaskulski D., Kotwica K.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2011

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T. 11, z. 2

83-93

PL

W zróżnicowanych warunkach glebowych ukształtowanych pod wpływem wieloletniego nawożenia organicznego i mineralnego oraz naturalnej ich zmienności badano zależność plonowania grochu siewnego od uziarnienia gleby, zawartości węgla organicznego, pH oraz zasobności w przyswajalne formy makroelementów. Oceniono cechy biometryczne, elementy plonowania i plon nasion grochu siewnego (Pisum sativum L.). Przeprowadzono ocenę zmienności i analizy: czynnikową, korelacji, regresji prostej i wielokrotnej. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono duże zróżnicowanie właściwości gleby, zwłaszcza na obiektach nienawożonych i nawożonych obornikiem wraz z mineralnymi formami azotu, fosforu, potasu oraz magnezu i regularnie wapnowanych. Warunki glebowe najbardziej różnicowały obsadę roślin grochu siewnego, liczbę strąków na roślinie i masę nasion w strąku. Plon nasion zależał od składu granulometrycznego gleby oraz zawartości materii organicznej. Korzystnie na jego poziom wpłynęła większa zawartość ziaren frakcji drobniejszych niż piaskowa oraz zawartość węgla organicznego w glebie.

EN

The relationship between pea yielding and soil texture, soil organic carbon, pH and available nutrients were analysed under various soil conditions developed as a result of long-term organic and mineral fertilisation and their natural variation. Biometric properties, yielding components and the pea seed yield were assessed. Results were tested with the factorial and variation analysis, correlation, linear and multiple regression analysis. A high variation of soil properties was found, especially between unfertilised treatments and those fertilised with FYM with mineral forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium and regularly limed. Soil conditions differentiated most the density of pea plants, the number of pods per plant and the seed weight per pod. The seed yield depended on soil texture and on the content of organic matter. Higher content of grain fractions finer than sand and organic carbon content in the soil favoured pea yielding.

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Ilość oraz skład granulometryczny i chemiczny spłukiwanego materiału glebowego na wybranych obiektach badawczych w Sudetach

Andrzejczak M.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2005

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T. 5, z. 2

185-200

PL

Badania ilości spłukiwanego materiału glebowego oraz jego składu granulometrycznego i chemicznego przeprowadzono w latach 2003-2004 na obiektach badawczych zlokalizowanych w dwóch miejscowościach Kotliny Kłodzkiej. Na podstawie wyników badań scharakteryzowano zjawisko strat spłukiwanego materiału glebowego w zależności od okresu badań (zimowego i jesiennego) oraz zwrócono uwagę na wymywanie makroelementów (P, K, Mg), odczyn i zawartość węgla organicznego w traconej w ten sposób glebie. Wyniki metody eksperymentalnej porównano z wynikami otrzymanymi metodą USLE.

EN

The study on flushed soil material, its texture and chemical composition was carried out in the years 2003-2004 on experimental fields in two villages situated in Kłodzko Basin. The loss of flushed soil material was related to inclination of the area, to study period (winter and autumn) and to the type of plant cover and crop direction. Special attention was paid to the flushing of macroelements (P, K, Mg), soil reaction and organic carbon content in lost soil. The results of experimental method were compared with those obtained with the USLE method.