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1

Volcanic Deposits Thickness and Distance from Mt Semeru Crater Strongly Affected Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Population and Soil Organic Carbon

Ustiatik Reni, Ariska Ayu Putri, Hakim Qo'id Luqmanul, Wicaksono Kurniawan Sigit, Utami Sri Rahayu

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 10

360--368

EN

Volcanic eruptions cause large-scale damage and leave piles of volcanic material that destroy plants, agricultural lands, animals, and soil microorganisms, decreasing soil fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate soil fertility recovery in post-volcanic eruption areas to resume agricultural activities. This study aims to elucidate the effect of volcanic deposits on soil fertility as well as explore tolerant plants and bacteria after Mt Semeru eruption. Soil, volcanic ash, and plant samples were collected from Pronojiwo Sub-regency, Lumajang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Soil and volcanic ash chemical properties were analyzed (pH, available and total phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) content). Bacteria were isolated and enumerated, then tested for P solubilization (PSB). The result showed that 3 months after Mt Semeru’s eruption, the first succession was fern, moss, and fungi. Some local plants (banana and coconut) emerge new shoots and recover. A high total P (137.32 mg/kg) with neutral pH 6.8 was found in the volcanic ash. Total P and available P were higher at the closest distance from the crater, and soil pH controlled P availability in the soil covered with volcanic deposits. Also, the thickness and distance from the crater strongly affect organic C, which reduces the PSB population from 103 to 104 CFU/g, compared to unaffected areas. The bacteria exhibited P solubilization activities even under harsh environmental conditions. Thus, accelerating soil fertility restoration by adding organic materials and inoculating beneficial bacteria (such as PSB) in the post-eruption area is essential as the bacteria benefit both soil fertility recovery and agriculture sustainability in degraded lands (e.g., post-eruption).

2

Integration of Processes of Radionuclide-Contaminated Territories Decontamination in the Framework of their Ecological-Socio-Economic Rehabilitation

Chernysh Yelizaveta, Balintova Magdalena, Shtepa Vladimir, Skvortsova Polina, Skydanenko Maksym, Fukui Manabu

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

110--124

EN

Large-scale disasters at nuclear power plants (NPPs) and their consequences are still the subject of discussion by the world scientific community, which makes mankind recognize the unsolved problem of radiation pollution. Accordingly, the search for new effective biocomposite materials with high sorption capacity to eliminate harmful effects associated with radiation contamination of large territories is an urgent task on a global scale. This paper is devoted to the study of the decontamination processes of the areas contaminated with radionuclides, the search for new mechanisms of fixation of radionuclides and heavy metals in the soil using the matrix material of different origin. In order to intensify the process of radionuclide fixation in the soil-plant system the method consisting of introducing into the soil the organic-mineral biocomposite based on sewage sludge and phosphogypsum after anaerobic fermentation was proposed. It is necessary to further study the processes of sorption and radionuclides solubilization due to complexation with organic agents present in matrix materials of different nature. The mechanisms of radionuclide and heavy metal fixation using matrix material of different origin were analyzed and a general model was formed. The direction of integration of radionuclide-contaminated soil decontamination technologies into the process of ecological, social, and economic development of the territories under rehabilitation after the accidents at the Chernobyl NPP and Fukushima-1 NPP is proposed.

3

Wybrane aspekty odkrywkowej eksploatacji węgla brunatnego w rejonie Konina

Gilewska M., Otremba K.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2011

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nr 9

12-15

PL

Kopalnie węgla brunatnego Konin i Adamów należą do kopalń wieloodkrywkowych. Wymusza to konieczność ustawicznego zajmowania nowych terenów pod eksploatację oraz pokonywania barier finansowych i prawnych. Przykładem jest odkrywka Tomisławice, w przypadku której uzyskanie decyzji środowiskowych trwało 13 lat. Teren odkrywki położony jest poza obszarem Natura 2000, a na jej powierzchni występują grunty orne należące do 8 klas bonitacyjnych. Przeważają gleby IV klas bonitacyjnych. Na terenach pogórniczych KWB "Konin" dominuje rekultywacja rolnicza, a w strukturze zasiewów lucerna. Rekultywacja rolnicza, w odróżnieniu od rekultywacji leśnej i rekreacyjnej, jest intratna dla kopalni, umożliwiając sprzedaż zbędnych i obciążonych wysokimi podatkami gruntów pogórniczych.

EN

Konin and Adamów lignite mines are multi-strip mines. Therefore, the areas for mining are expanded continuously and financial while legal obstacles have to be overcome. The example can be the open-pit mine in Tomisławice where it took 13 years to obtain environmental approvals. The mine is located outside of the Natura 2000 area and it is overlaid by arabie land included in eight soil valuation classes, from class II to class VI Rz. The majority of soils (43.56 per cent) are of average quality and included to class IV of the soil valuation classes. Due to soil conditions, it is not justified by nature or economy reasons to selectively remove the humus layer to be used to improve the usable value of the soils of lower soil valuation classes and to reconstruct soils in the post-mining areas. In the Konin post-mining areas, agricultural reclamation prevails and it covers 29.8-49.0 per cent of the dumping ground surface. Predominantly, the crops structure includes lucerne (79.3 per cent) that has become the basis for the fodder and crop system of using the areas. Unlike forest and recreational reclamation, the agricultural reclamation is profitable for mines as it allows them to sell unnecessary post-mining areas that are additionally burdened with high taxes.

4

Effect of different variants of the ion exchange substrate on vegetation of Dactylis glomerata L on the degraded soil

Chomczyńska M., Soldatov V., Wasąg H.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2010

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Vol. 4, No. 2

243--248

EN

Ion exchange substrates are the mixtures of cation and anion exchangers saturated with nutrient ions in the proper ratios. After introducing into degraded soil, the substrates may act as a source of macro- and micronutrients initiating plant growth that is necessary for biological restoration. In order to determine an effect of different variants of ion exchange substrate (with a different potential impact on pH of soil solution) on plant vegetation, a pot experiment with orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L) as the test species was carried out. For the need of the study seven series of media were prepared: the control series (sand as a model of degraded soil) and six test series - the mixtures of sand and 2% (v/v) additions of particular variants of ion exchange substrate (each variant contained monoionic forms differing in the content of NO-3, H2PO-4, SO4-2 thereby, differing in the pH 4of solutions equilibrated with them). The study results showed that additions of the substrate at pH = 5.5; pH = 6.0; pH = 6.5; pH = 7.0 and pH = 7.5 to sand significantly increased plant yield. The 2% addition of the substrate at pH = 6.5 caused the highest increase in wet and dry stem and root biomass, however mean values of the vegetation parameters obtained in the series with the substrate at pH = 6.5 were not significantly higher than parameters obtained in the series with the substrates at pH = 7.0 and 7.5. In the light of study results, it can be said that particular variants of substrate at pH in the range of 5.5÷7.5 are effective fertilizers intensifying plant growth during relatively short period.

PL

Substraty jonitowe są mieszaninami kationitów i anionitów nasyconych w stosownych proporcjach jonami pierwiastków odżywczych. Materiały te po wprowadzeniu do gleby zdegradowanej mogą pełnić rolę bogatego źródła makro- i mikroelementów, inicjującego rozwój pokrywy roślinnej niezbędnej w czasie biologicznej rekultywacji. Aby określić wpływ różnych wariantów substratu (o potencjalnie różnym oddziaływaniu na pH roztworu glebowego) na przebieg wegetacji roślin, przeprowadzono doświadczenie wazonowe z kupkówką pospolitą (Dactylis glomerata L) jako gatunkiem testowym. Na potrzeby tego eksperymentu przygotowano siedem serii podłoży: jedną serię kontrolną (piasek jako model gleby zdegradowanej) oraz sześć serii testowych będących mieszaninami piasku i 2% (objętościowo) dodatków poszczególnych wariantów substratu jonitowego (każdy wariant zawierał formy monojonowe różniące się zawartością anionów: NO -3 , H2PO-4, SO4-2 i tym samym różniące się wartościami pH roztworów pozostających z nimi w równowadze jonowymiennej). Rezultaty przeprowadzonego eksperymentu wykazały, że dodatki substratu o pH = 5,5; pH = 6,0; pH = 6,5; pH = 7,0 i pH = 7,5 po wprowadzeniu do piasku znacznie zwiększyły plon roślin. Dodatek substratu o pH = 6,5 spowodował największe przyrosty świeżej i suchej biomasy pędów oraz korzeni kupkówki, aczkolwiek średnie wartości parametrów wegetacyjnych uzyskane w serii z tym substratem nie były istotnie większe od wartości parametrów uzyskanych w serii z dodatkiem substratu o pH = 7,0 i 7,5. W świetle otrzymanych wyników należy stwierdzić, iż poszczególne warianty substratu o pH w zakresie 5,5÷7,5 są skutecznymi dodatkami nawozowymi intensyfikującymi rozwój roślin w stosunkowo krótkim okresie czasu.

5

The application of spent ion exchangers as fertilizer carriers in restoration of degraded soils

Zdeb M., Chomczyńska M., Soldatov V.S., Pawłowski L.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2008

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Vol. 34, no. 3

201-209

EN

The present studies aimed at comparing the effect of the potassium monoionic form (prepared from a model spent ion exchanger) and a conventional potassium fertilizer (KC1) on plant vegetation after addition to depleted soil. To achieve the study aim a pot experiment using orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) as the test plant was carried out. The vegetation cycle lasted seven weeks. The plants were grown on four series of media: on untreated soil, on soil with added monoionic K form, on soil with added KC1 and on soil with Biona-312 substrate added (2% v/v). Biona-312 served as the control fertilizer containing all macro- and microelements. The application of monoionic potassium form positively influenced orchard grass vegetation. The addition of K form into soil increased stem wet and dry biomass, root dry biomass and total dry yield by 15, 10, 13 and 12%, respectively. Bearing in mind that the amount of dry plant matter as source material for humus formation is crucial in soil reclamation, the effectiveness of potassium monoionic form was found to be similar to that of the mineral fertilizer -KC1. Biona-312 was the most efficient fertilizer used in the study, resulting in the greatest yield of Dactylis glomerata L.

6

Wpływ substratu jonitowego na retencję składników mineralnych w podłożu - badania modelowe

Chomczyńska M., Wasąg H., Pawłowski L., Soldatov V., Matusevich V., Szymańska M.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2002

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T. 5, nr 3-4

213-221

PL

Celem podjętych badań było sprawdzenie, czy dodatek substratu jonitowego Biona-312Ž wpływa na retencję składników pokarmowych roślin w podłożu. Dla osiągnięcia celu badań przeprowadzono doświadczenie wazonowe, obejmujące 2 cykle wegetacyjne. Rośliną testową była kupkówka pospolita (Dactylis glomerata L.). W pierwszym cyklu wegetacyjnym rośliny rosły na piasku oraz na podłożu piaskowym z 2% (objętościowo) dodatkiem substratu Biona-312Ž. Po jego zakończeniu część podłoży nawożono roztworem pożywkowym Hewitta. W drugiej rotacji upraw wegetację roślin przeprowadzono na podłożach piaskowych z dodatkiem i bez dodatku substratu Biona-312Ž zarówno nawożonych, jak i nienawożonych. Wyniki eksperymentu wykazały, że na podłożu nawożonym z dodatkiem substratu Biona-312Ž świeża i sucha masa części nadziemnych oraz sucha masa korzeni roślin była o odpowiednio: 24, 30 i 57% większa niż w serii nienawożonej. Zarejestrowany przyrost plonu przypisać należy zatrzymywaniu składników mineralnych przez podłoże nawożone. Stwierdzono, że za retencję biogenów odpowiedzialny był głównie dodatek substratu jonitowego, który spowodował zaadsorbowanie ponad 13-krotnie większej ilości potasu, 3-krotnie większej ilości azotanów(V) i 2-krotnie większej ilości fosforanów(V) w porównaniu do czystego piasku. Wyniki badań wskazują z jednej strony na możliwość rekultywacji zdegradowanych gleb poprzez aplikację substratów jonitowych, a z drugiej strony na możliwość wykorzystania tych substratów jako sorbentów zatrzymujących w podłożu składniki pokarmowe roślin.

EN

The aim of the work was to study the effect of Biona-312Ž-substrate addition to the ground, used for plant growing, on the retention of nutrient elements. The Biona-312Ž substrate was produced at the Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the Belarus National Academy of Sciences in Minsk. It was a mixture of strong acid cation exchanger KU-2, polyvalent anion exchanger EDE-10P and clinoptilolite saturated with biogenic ions. To achieve the study aim the pot experiment was carried out for two vegetation cycles. Each vegetation cycle lasted 6 weeks. The test plant was orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.). During the first vegetation plants were grown on the sand and on the sand with the 2% addition of substrate Biona-312Ž. The addition of ion exchange substrate to the sand in this cycle caused that wet and dry biomass of shoots and dry biomass of roots respectively were 18.5, 17.5 and 10 times higher than those obtained on the sand-only medium. After the first cycle a half of the pots from the both series of media were fertilized with the Hewitt's nutrient solution and then washed out with distilled water. The content of potassium, nitrates and phosphates in the eluates obtained was analysed. The results of the chemical analysis showed that the contents of nutrient compounds in the media with the addition of Biona-312Ž were higher than those in the media without the addition of the ion exchange substrate. The addition of Biona-312Ž substrate was responsible for nutrient retention - the sand and Biona-312Ž mixture retained potassium, nitrates, and phosphates by: 13-, 3-, 2- times higher than pure sand, respectively. During the second vegetation plants were grown on the fertilized and non-fertilized sand with and without the addition of substrate Biona-312Ž. The results of the experiment showed that the wet and dry biomass of the shoots and the dry biomass of the roots obtained on the fertilized medium with the addition of substrate Biona-312Ž was by: 24, 30 and 57% higher than that obtained on the non-fertilized medium. The yield increase was caused by retention of the mineral compounds in the fertilized medium. To sum up ion exchanger substrates can be used as fertilizers in soil recultivation and as sorbents that retain plant nutrient compounds.