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Process evaluation of soil treatment effect in Mu Us sandy land of Daji Khan in northern Shaanxi province based on fuzzy set

Chen Xiaowan, Liang Jichao, He Xinxin, Liu Dandan, Liu Jinbao, Jin Tao, Xie Jiancang

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 3

1579--1594

EN

As an important resource for human survival, soil plays an important role in maintaining productivity, environmental quality, animal and plant health, etc. Soil quality evaluation, as a decision-making tool to improve understanding of soil quality, can effectively indicate soil status. Mu Us sandy land of Daji Khan in northern Shaanxi Province is one of the serious desertification areas in China. The phenomenon of soil erosion and ecological deterioration is extremely serious. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen to pay attention to the research of Mu Us sandy land, to help the restoration of damaged soil, and to build a powerful soil ecosystem. In this paper, the soil quality in the process of development and utilization of the Mu Us sandy land was evaluated based on fuzzy sets for the purpose of sustainable utilization of compound soil. Based on soil structure and soil fertility, 16 evaluation indexes of soil quality in Mu Us sandy land were screened, and then the evaluation index system of soil quality was constructed. The fuzzy multi-objective decision-making model based on fuzzy sets was used to comprehensively evaluate the soil quality from 2013 to 2019. We calculated that the year-on-year growth rates of soil quality from 2013 to 2019 are 13.56, 0.16, 12.81, 33.84, 9.68, and 14.80%, respectively. The results showed that the overall soil quality in the study area showed a trend of increasing year by year, and the year-on-year increase was the largest in 2017. Meanwhile, the reasons for the sudden increase in soil quality in typical years were analyzed. The results showed that the dominant factor of this phenomenon was the comprehensive influence of soil fertility. Furthermore, the relationship between soil fertility and cultivated horizon in typical years was analyzed one by one, and the specific factors affecting soil fertility were discussed.

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Tillage, Residues Management, and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Organic Status, Soil Quality, and Soft Wheat in the Moroccan Semi-Arid

Et-Tayeb Hiba, Ibno Namr Khalid, El Mzouri El Houssine, El Bourhrami Bouchra, Moussadek Rachid

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

173--184

EN

Sustainable management of agricultural practices can improve soil organic status, soil quality (SQ), and yields. The study was conducted to test the impact of tillage (conventional (CT) and no-till (NT)), residues (vetch (C1) and uncover soil (C0)), and three nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (30, 60, and 90 N kg ha-1) on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), C/N ratio, soft wheat yields and SQ. The experiment was established in 2010 in the Moroccan semi-arid. After ten years, the SOC concentration was greater under NT (9.4 g/kg) compared to CT (8.4 g/kg). Crop residues also enhanced SOC (10 g/kg) contrary to C0 (8.1 g/kg). Application of N fertilization showed profound effects on total N, increasing levels of N fertilization led to higher total N irrespective of tillage. Crop residues increased total N (0.6 g/kg) better than C0 plots at the horizon 20–40 cm. Soft wheat revealed an improvement under NT (4213.8 kg ha-1) versus CT (3785.6 kg ha-1) and it responded positively to the N application. For SQ evaluation through the indexing methods (SQI), principal component analysis was done for eight soil indicators to select the minimum data set (MDS), which were subsequently normalized and integrated into the SQI, additive (SQIANL), and weighted (SQIWNLM). NT revealed higher scores (0.52; 0.6) than the CT (0.46; 0.53) for SQIANL and SQIWNL, respectively, at the horizon 0–20 cm. the residues layer on the soil surface improved SQIWNL score (0.59) compared to C0 (0.55). Moreover, the correlation (r) with yield and the sensitivity (S), allowed us to choose SQIWNL, as the best index (highest r and S) to evaluate SQ under different practices studied. Indeed, SQIWNL revealed an intermediate SQ under NT and at C1 treatments, compared to CT and C0 (low SQ).

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Application of Soil Quality Index to Assess the Status of Soils Submitted to Intensive Agriculture in the Irrigated Plain of Doukkala, Moroccan Semiarid Region

El Bourhrami Bouchra, Ibno Namr Khalid, Et-Tayeb Hiba, Duraisamy Vasu

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

129--143

EN

In the irrigated areas, intensive agriculture has led to soil degradation and declining crop yields; therefore, the durability of soil resources is influenced. In order to assess the soil quality changes in the Zemamra area from the highest plain of Doukkala (523 000 ha), in the semi-arid region of Morocco, the soil samples taken from the horizon 0–30 cm were analysed for physical and chemical parameters (Clay, Sand, Silt, SOM, pH, TN, P2O5, K2O, CEC, MgO, CaO, SAR, Na2O, EC, CaCO3, NO3-N, NH4-N, B, Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu). The data obtained were statistically processed to search for soil quality indices (SQIs). The main findings show that the soil surface has more sand than clay (Sand = 55%, Clay = 31%), an accumulation of phosphorus (P2O5 = 33.34 mg/kg), moderate soil organic matter (1.789%), and carbonate contents of about (2.6%). Soil Structure Stability Index (SSSI<5%) indicated that soil structure is degraded. The selection of the Minimum Data Set by principal component analysis allowed retaining four indicators (cationic exchange capacity, boron, exchangeable potassium, and manganese). After scoring the selected indicators, the soil quality indices thus obtained classified the soils as having low to moderate quality (SQIs<0.55). The indicators: sand, phosphorus, boron, manganese, and zinc are negatively correlated to SQIs, while clay, silt, cationic exchange capacity, pH, soil organic matter, and carbonates are positively correlated. Micronutrients: boron and zinc negatively impact soils at low concentrations.

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The Assesment of Physical Variables of the Soil Quality Index in the Coal Mine Spoil

Grzywna Antoni, Ciosmak Małgorzata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

143--150

EN

This paper aimed to evaluate the physical properties of the soils on the slope of the spoil heap of the coal mine in Bogdanka based on literature and the authors’ opinion. The field soil tests were carried out in the agricultural season of 2018 in the coal mine waste dump. The main purpose was to develop and apply the soil physical quality index. For the calculation of the SPQI used nine soil physical properties: texture, bulk density, MWD, AWC, K, POR, PAW, S, StI. The paper used a system for assessing the physical parameters of soil within the range from 0 to 4. On the basis of the research, it was found that the best parameters of soil quality occurred in the surface horizons and increased with depth. The SPQI value calculated for the 0–60 cm Technosol layer was 0.51, which indicates good soil parameters.

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A Minimum Set of Soil Indicators for the Semi-Arid Rangeland Productivity Assessment

Saedi K., Fatehi P., Khaksarian F., Rezaei S. A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 1

14--23

EN

An approach has been adopted in order to select the most representative and predictive indicators as minimum data set (MDS) for the assessment of rangeland soil quality. Large data sets were employed for the high hill rangeland in the Saral region, Kurdistan province, west of Iran. The correlations between soil properties and plant growth in various landscape units were investigated and interpreted based on statistical analyses. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine the minimum set of indicators among chemical and physical variables, as well as soil surface indices of Landscape Function Analyses (LFA) approach that account for at least 70% of the variability in the whole data set of aboveground plant biomass production among land units. The MDS was selected for its ability to predict soil productivity, as site potential of a long-term rangeland exclosure. The efficacy of the chosen MDS was evaluated by performing multivariate regressions of the MDS against each of the plant growth characteristics (P ≤ 0.05). These dependent characteristics included total yield, herbaceous plant production, and utilizable forage. Variations in the plant response variables were best predicted by Nutrient cycling index, Land organization index, and total nitrogen illustrating that plant variables were more sensitive to the chemical rather than the physical properties of the soil.