Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Risks of Soil Pollution with Toxic Elements During Military Actions in Lviv

Petrushka Kateryna, Malovanyy Myroslav, Skrzypczak Dawid, Chojnacka Katarzyna, Warchoł Jolanta

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 1

195--208

EN

Considering that approximately 20% of the nation’s land remains under the occupation of Russian forces, assessing the impact of the invasion in the midst of ongoing conflict is a formidable challenge. However, even the limited available data offers a distressing glimpse into an ecological catastrophe. The detonation of rockets and artillery shells leads to the generation of a variety of chemical compounds containing elements such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd). The primary goal of this research was to ascertain the presence of potentially hazardous elements (PTE) within the soil in areas subjected to targeted rocket attacks within the Lviv districts. Soil samples were gathered from four locations in the city of Lviv, which had been impacted by rocket fire, using a concentric circle sampling methodology. Two distinct instrumental techniques, namely X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), were employed to quantify the concentration of heavy metals within the soil samples. Results revealed that all soil samples exhibited a significant exceedance of the maximum allowable concentrations for titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni). To assess the leachability and bioavailability of these elements within the soil, various extraction methods were applied in aqueous conditions and in the presence of ammonium citrate. The latter method demonstrated high effectiveness in extracting zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) from the soil. The level of soil contamination was evaluated using diverse criteria, including the contamination factor (Cf), the environmental risk factor (Er), the potential environmental risk index (Ri), the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and the environmental risk factor (NIPI – National Iron plus Initiative). The computed cumulative environmental impact of all elements (NIPI = 49.001 and NIRI = 54.941, National Investor Relations Institute) underscores the substantial pollution within the surveyed area.

2

Geotechnical Properties of the Soil Contaminated with Medical Waste: a Case Study of Metronidazole and Amoxicillin Waste

Abdulrahman Shaimaa M., Al Kindi Ghayda Yaseen, Ihsan Elaf Abdul Azal, Abdulrahman Ali M.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 2

112--120

EN

Soil contamination with medicines can occur when unused or expired medications are improperly disposed of or when pharmaceutical manufacturing waste is inadequately treated or managed. Moreover, the largest percentage of damaged and expired medical materials in the sanitary landfill area during the COVID-19 period in the study region were Metronidazole (Flagyl) and Amoxicillin. The disposal of numerous drugs and medical waste from Al-Jazeera Pharmaceuticals Company, which were examined and found to have a higher concentration of the compound Metronidazole (Flagyl) and Amoxicillin, This study aimed to analyze the results of the impact of Metronidazole (Flagyl) and Amoxicillin concentrations on the chemical and geotechnical properties of soil. Undisturbed soil samples was collected and then cured by mixing 10 mg/l of Metronidazole (Flagyl) and 25 mg/l of Amoxicillin to the time period from 15 to 135 days. The obtained geotechnical tests results of natural and contaminated silty clay soil showed that the soil became softer, the cohesiveness between the particle sizes of soil decreased due to the absorption of the soil by the Metronidazole (Flagyl) and Amoxicillin concentration. Moreover, the results indicate that the soil collapse rose from 5.6 to 9.5 after 150 days of curing.

3

Ecological assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals due to the application of mineral fertilisers

Suleimenova Naziya, Togisbayeva Ainura, Orynbasarova Gulnar, Kuandykova Elnara, Yerekeyeva Svetlana

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2023

|

no. 56

74--80

EN

The article presents the results of monitoring the aftereffect of the use of excessive zonal doses of mineral fertilisers on soil contamination with heavy metals (HM). With traditional soybean cultivation technology, the level of soil contamination when applying excessive doses (N60 P180 K90) of fertilisers is quite high and indicates violations of the ecological balance of the agroecosystem. By the nature of the accumulation of heavy metals in meadow-chestnut soil, depending on the application of the studied doses (P60 K30, N30 P60 K30, N60 P180K90) of fertiliser, the content of HM (Pb, Zn, Cd) increases. The greatest contamination of the soil with Cu was revealed, the content of which increases to 3.2 mg∙kg-1 of soil, which is higher than the threshold of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) - 3.0 mg∙kg-1. According to the level of contamination of the soil with copper, it belongs to the highly dangerous classes. In a comparative assessment of the level of soil contamination with HM, optimal norms of mineral fertilisers have been established, namely, against the background of effective resource-saving technology for growing soybeans. The application of fertilisers at a dose of P60 K30 and N30 P60 K30 does not significantly affect the level of soil contamination with HM, optimises the ecological state and nutrient regime of the soil, preserves and restores soil fertility indicators, and increases soybean productivity. This resource-saving technology provides a safe environment for soybean cultivation and a significant increase of 34.5-38.6% in crop productivity (0.53-0.76 Mg∙ha-1) and yield (2.57 Mg∙ha-1).

4

Heavy metals and micronutrients assessment in soil and groundwater using geospatial analyses under agricultural exploitation in dry areas

Metwaly Mohamed M., AbdelRahman Mohamed A. E., Abdellatif Bassam

Acta Geophysica

|

2023

|

Vol. 71, no. 4

1937--1965

EN

This study used a geospatial model to evaluate the regional distributions and buildup of various Heavy Metals (HM) and micronutrients as a result of groundwater irrigation used for lengthy periods in Egypt’s El-Kharga and El-Farafra oases, which were formed on western desert terrain, were the subject of the study. To fulfill this aim, field sampling of soil and groundwater was integrated with cartographic modeling. The evaluated HM concentrations in the water samples are below the permitted level for irrigation. The surface soil’s element concentrations were within acceptable limits. However, protracted mobility and a potency risk for soil smearing were not spotted. The apportionment of HM concentricity versus soil profundity showed that the assemblage was primarily in the topsoil. Future management plans should consider ongoing HM level monitoring. The lands are divided into three classes: II, III, and IV, according to their capabilities, while the soils are divided into three classes based on their suitability: moderately suitable class S2, marginally acceptable class S3, and permanently unsuitable class N2. Additionally, soil fertility and quality were categorized into low and moderate categories. Land evaluations indicate that they are promising areas for agricultural investment under the conditions of using modern agricultural techniques. The most important results of the study are that the non-technical use of irrigation water in some areas has exacerbated the problems of salinity, especially in those where the drainage characteristics are poor. Concentrations of HM were found only in agricultural areas adjacent to urban areas and poor drainage, especially in agricultural areas reclaimed for more than 50 years. High concentrations of HM were also found in shallow wells close to the same places, and there were no significant concentrations in blind wells. The main recommendation of the study is the necessity of using modern agricultural and irrigation systems in those places.

5

Identification of Environmental Pollution Sources in a Selected Town in the Podlasie Region

Bolińska Marta Iwona, Siemieniuk Anna

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2022

|

Tom 24

41--53

EN

The environment is considered an ideal machine, a system in which nothing happens without reason. Every transformation, action and stimulus has consequences that are not always immediately plain to see. It is because the environment is like communicating vessels, or a complex organism, in which everything is interdependent, and the organs work together. Despite the processes’ complexity and intricate yet logical correlations between the elements, it is not a perfect system. Examples are weather anomalies and, in extreme cases, cataclysms. The problem arises when man interferes with the environment. By polluting almost every possible place, he initiates irreversible changes, degrading the environment. This paper presents an analysis of atmospheric air pollution in the town of Supraśl, surface water from the Supraśl river, and soil samples from a selected area.

6

Isolation, characterization and growth assessment of biodegrading chlorpyrifos-methyl Bacillus species isolated from Algerian soil

Slimani Hanane, Abdi Akila, Branes Zidane

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2022

|

Vol. 31, No. 2

135--146

EN

Chlorpyrifos-methyl (CM) is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide, which is widely used in pest control. In this research, the isolation, and biochemical and molecular identification of bacterial strains obtained from three soils located in northeastern Algeria were carried out, as well as the evaluation of their ability to grow in the presence of CM. Out of 48 bacterial isolates between Gram-negative and Gram-positive identified, several were able to grow on mineral agar with at least 25 mg·l–1 of CM. Four bacteria showed the best growth capacity, were identified as Bacillus sp. H1-80, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans strain WJB99 and two Bacillus sp. strains GL5. The strains were tested for their ability to grow on liquid media with CM as the sole energy and carbon source. In general, these strains showed slow but significant growth visualized by the 600 nm turbidity control, suggesting that they could be used for bioremediation applications of CM polluted soils.

7

Specific Activity of Radionuclides in Soils Disturbed by Forest Fires

Popovych Vasyl, Henyk Yaroslav, Gapalo Andriy, Bosak Pavlo, Popovych Nataliya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 6

265--270

EN

Fires in natural ecosystems have a detrimental effect on all biota components. In the global scale, many scientific studies of prominent scientists are devoted to this topic. It should be noted that scientists have always been interested in the influence of thermal destruction of soil genetic horizons on the specific activity of radionuclides. Most of these studies began after the Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) radiation disasters. The conducted research is focused on the specific activity of radionuclides due to the thermal effects of fires in natural ecosystems. It has been established that the edaphotopes affected by fires are naturally restored causing the restoration of soil formation processes. The specific activity of radionuclides decreases with the duration of the ground fire. Comparing the obtained data with the regulatory documentation, it was found that they do not exceed the minimum significant activity of radionuclides in the workplace. However, the increased activity of radionuclides in soils has a detrimental effect on the ecological condition and flora and fauna development. During the fire season in natural ecosystems and forests, careless handling of fire should be avoided and preventive measures should be taken to inform the public about the harmful effects of wildfire.

8

Assessment of the Soil Cover Quality in the Adjacent Areas to Landfills Based on the Study of Changes in Heavy Metals Concentration

Kekelidze David, Tsotadze Gulsunda, Maisuradze Giorgi, Akhalbedashvili Lali, Chkhaidze Manana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 5

271--277

EN

Heavy metals are an urgent environmental problem, since their high concentrations have a negative impact on soil chemistry. Solid domestic waste landfills are a direct source of heavy metals accumulation in soils. Landfills pollute and poison large areas around them. Heavy metals are concentrated in the surface layer of the soil 0–10 cm deep, and can later migrate into plants and further into living organisms. The article examines soil pollution by the total content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn) in the areas adjacent to Tbilisi and Telavi (Georgia) landfills and on illegal landfill in the village of Anaga (Sighnaghi municipality). The results show that the soil cover of the territories adjacent to solid domestic waste landfills and illegal landfills is contaminated with heavy metals. The data obtained confirm the migration of heavy metals mainly in terms of the distance from the landfills. High concentrations of heavy metals in soils are characteristic of lead and cadmium. There is also a tendency towards a decrease in the content of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc with distance from the landfill of solid domestic waste.

9

On the influence of the nugget effect on the efficiency of magnetometric soil surface screening

Zawadzki Jarosław, Fabijańczyk Piotr

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2022

|

Vol. 29, nr 4

525--535

EN

The paper presents selected aspects of calculations and modelling of variograms from measurements of soil surface magnetic susceptibility for rapid screening of surface soil contamination with Technogenic Magnetic Particles (TMP). In particular, the methodology of variogram analysis in the case of multiple magnetometric measurements in one measurement location with the use of the MS2D Bartington sensor was discussed. A new approach to analysing such measurements was proposed that allows determining and using the nugget effect from standard, already existing measurements. This is of key importance for the quality of spatial analyses, and thus the screening results obtained by means of field magnetometry. In the paper, it was shown, step by step, that averaging the measurements performed at one measurement point during the calculation of the empirical variograms does not result in the loss of information on spatial variability in the microscale. As it was calculated non-averaged measurements were characterised by the nugget-to-sill ratio of about 96 % which was much higher than in the case of averaged measurements (close to 0 %). A range of correlation was similar in both cases and was equal to about 300 m - 400 m. The local variogram revealed a range of correlation of about 80 cm. As a result, the screening results are more reliable than is the case with the traditional procedure. An additional advantage of the work was the performance of all calculations in free R software.

10

The Level of Soil Pollution in the Aksu River Basin as a Result of Anthropogenic Impact

Urymbaeva Aigul A., Bazarbayeva Tursynkul A., Mukanova Gulzhanat A., Umbetbekov Askhat T., Mamyrbekova Aizhan K., Kubesova Gulnar T.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 10

225--234

EN

As the main purpose of this article, the authors consider the level of soil pollution in the Aksu River basin as a result of anthropogenic impact, in which factors of anthropogenic transformation of soils in different zones play an important role, as well as processes occurring in soils as a result of their impact. This article highlights the research of the main analyses carried out, which showed that the anthropogenic transformation of soils within the surveyed territory is multifactorial and complex. As an assumed result, the validity of which is analyzed in this article, it can be considered that the degree and forms of manifestation of anthropogenic transformation of foothill soils depend on their use, as one criterion of which is considered the use of such soil for arable land, including irrigated arable land, in which the degradation of mountain soils is mainly associated with pasture loads during a certain period. As a research question, it remains to be considered whether this is really the case or whether the present territory is subject to a different anthropological impact.

11

The Effect of Gas Industry Waste on Heavy Metals in Soil

Kholikulov Shodi, Yakubov Tursunboy, Bobobekov Isomiddin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 9

255--262

EN

The article describes the effect of wastes on the amount of heavy metals in light serozem soils. The study examined the total amount of elements nickel, lead, zinc and copper. The results show that among the heavy metals studied, the highest amount of copper is at a distance of 500 m (55 mg/kg) in the western direction of the Shurtan gas chemical complex, the maximum amount of total zinc is 98 mg/kg in the western direction at 1000 m and 1250 m in the northwest, at a distance of 1250 m, the maximum amount was 1250 m in the north-west direction (202 mg/kg of soil) and the maximum amount of the nickel was 257 mg/kg of soil at a distance of 1850 m in the north-west direction. These numbers are several times higher than the background index and allowable norms of the studied elements. The maximum amount of the element lead is 8-9 times its allowable level, and nickel is more than 3 times. Pollution was mainly recorded on the southern, southeastern, and southeastern sides of the complex.

12

Electrokinetic remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil based on improving soil electrical conductivity

Liu Jiangang, Zhang Wei, Liu Mingwei, Zhang Hao

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 47, nr 4

5--17

EN

An electrokinetic remediation technique taking Cr(VI) as an example is proposed to improve the conductivity of contaminated soil, which significantly increases the current density in the soil. The improvement of soil conductivity was achieved by continuous spraying of NaCl solution with a concentration of 4 g·dm–3 on the soil surface. The distances of electrode pairs were 2.0 m and 1.5 m, respectively. The heavy metal-contaminated soil thickness was 25 cm, and the DC power supply voltage was 90 V. The experiment demonstrated that under the condition of continuous spraying of NaCl solution on the soil surface, the current density variation was related to the salt content in the soil, and the current density in the soil generally increased linearly with time. The effectiveness of soil remediation is related to the electric field strength and current density, and there exists an optimal electric field that can reduce the heavy metal content in the soil at any point by minimizing the electric field strength and current density. Most of the heavy metals can be concentrated within a diameter of about 15 cm around the anode under the optimal electric field, which can be remediated after removing the soil.

13

Methods of Soils Pollution Spread Analysis: Case Study of Mining and Chemical Enterprise in Lviv Region (Ukraine)

Dzhumelia Elvira, Pohrebennyk Volodymyr

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, iss. 4

39--44

EN

This study is dedicated to the assessment of the heavy metal pollution of soil by determining the category of soil contamination due to the activities of mining and chemical enterprise. The X-Ray Diffraction method was used experimentally to determine the qualita-tive and quantitative composition of heavy metals and other inorganic elements in samples, soil pollution with heavy metals. Main sources of heavy metals in industrial waste are identified. The environmental pollution with some heavy metals (Sr, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn) was assessed and exceeded the MPC. The ecological situation of soil contamination with heavy metals near tars on the study area territory is estimated in the category from permissible pollution to hazardous pollution. Soil near the phosphogypsum dump is classified as an acceptable, moderately dangerous, and dangerous category of soil pollution. It was established that at a distance of 20 m from the tailings the soils belong to the dangerous category of soil, closer to the tailings – to moderately dangerous. The value of the concentration coefficient indicates the activity of leaching processes (Cc < 1) and accumulation (Cc > 1) of substances in the genetic horizons of the soil. It is necessary to forecast the state of the environment in the area of influence of these enterprises to develop effective means of ensuring environmental safety.

14

Biotechnological Reclamation of Oil-Polluted Soils

Ablieieva Iryna, Plyatsuk Leonid, Berezhna Iryna, Malovanyy Myroslav

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, iss. 2

27--38

EN

The aim of the paper was to determine the efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) degradation by developed bacterial consortium during bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils caused by accidental oil spills. The soil samples were collected from three different areas near the Bugruvate field of the Dnieper-Donets oil and gas region, Sumy region, Ukraine. The total petroleum hydrocarbon was determined by conducting measurements using a gravimetric method. Gas chromatographic analysis was performed for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The level of oil contamination follows an increasing preferential order: Sample 1 < Sample 2 < Sample 3 (5, 10 and 15 g∙kg-1, respectively). The soil samples comprised different concentrations of PHs including n-alkanes, fluorine, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, toluene, xylene, benzene and other PHs. The results of research indicated that the maximum oil degradation rate at the level of 80% was set at Cin within 4–8 g∙kg-1 and τ = 70 days, under natural condition. In order to improve the efficiency of bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils, bioaugmentation was performed using the developed preparation of such bacteria and fungi strains as Pseudoxanthomonas spadix, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodococcus opacus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus cereus, Actinomyces sp., Mycobacterium flavescens. The results showed 100% of oil concentration was assimilated after 20, 25 and 35 days for the soil samples with initial hydrocarbon concentrations at the level 5, 10 and 15 g∙kg-1, respectively. The bacterial consortium application (bioaugmentation) exhibited high efficiency compared to the indigenous microflora in the oil biodegradation. The optimal growth condition for the bacteria in this study can be set as follows: pH = 3–11, wide temperature range 0–35°C.

15

Zastosowanie metody Py-GC do określenia zanieczyszczenia gleb związkami ropopochodnymi w rejonie naturalnych wycieków węglowodorów w Karpatach

Matyasik Irena, Kierat Maria, Kania Małgorzata

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2020

|

T. 99, nr 3

360--366

PL

Dokonano próby zastosowania pirolizy połączonej z chromatografią gazową (Py-GC) do badań skażenia gleb substancjami ropopochodnymi w otoczeniu naturalnych wycieków ropy naftowej i charakterystyki otoczenia tych wycieków. Metoda okazała się użyteczna do badania gleb o zawartości węglowodorów powyżej 750 mg/kg s.m. W zakresie niższych stężeń walidacja metody Py-GC nie dała zadowalających wyników. Badania próbek kontrolnych wykazały również pewną niezgodność wyników uzyskanych metodą Py-GC z wynikami analiz wykonanych wg metodyki referencyjnej, szczególnie dla próbek o mniejszej zawartości węglowodorów. Było to zapewne związane z maskującym wpływem matrycy. Badania kontynuowano dla ekstraktów rozpuszczalnikowych z gleb, co dało możliwość rozszerzenia zakresu stosowania metody. Charakterystyka porównawcza gruntów w otoczeniu naturalnych wycieków ropy w trzech badanych lokalizacjach pokazała wyraźny wzrost zawartości węglowodorów frakcji olejowej na kierunku spływu, co potwierdza możliwość stosowania metody w zakresie wysokich stężeń.

EN

Soil samples were taken from 3 hydrocarbons-contaminated sites (natural oil spills) and tested by pyrolysis combined with gas chromatog. (Py-GC) to det. contents of C10–C40 hydrocarbons. The method could be used only at medium and high concs. of hydrocarbons (above 750 mg/kg). Use of soil exts. gave the opportunity to extend the scope of the method. To extend the applicability of the method, soil exts. were analyzed by Py-GC. The content of hydrocarbons in soil exceeded the permissible values.

16

Geostatistical Methods as a Tool Supporting Revitalization of Industrially Degraded and Post-Mining Areas

Zawadzki Jarosław, Fabijańczyk Piotr, Przeździecki Karol

New Trends in Production Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 3, Iss. 1

30--40

EN

Post-industrial and post-mining areas have often been under strong anthropogenic pressure for a long time. As a result, such areas, after the ending of industrial activity require taking steps to revitalize them. It may cover many elements of the natural or urban environment, such as water, soil, vegetated areas, urban development etc. To carry out revitalization, it is necessary to determine the initial state of such areas, often using selected chemical, geophysical or ecological. After that it is also important to properly monitor the state of such areas to assess the progress of the revitalization process. For this purpose a variety of change detection technics were developed. Post-industrial areas are very often characterized by a large extent, are difficult to access, have complicated land cover. For this reason, it is particularly important to choose appropriate methods to assess the degree of pollution of such areas. Such methods should be as economical as possible and time-effective. A very desirable feature of such methods is that they should allow a quick assessment of the entire area. Geostatistics supplemented by modern remote sensing can be effective for this purpose. Nowadays, using remote sensing, it is possible to gather information simultaneously from the entire, even vast area, with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. Geostatistics in turn provides many tools that are able to enable rapid analysis and inference based on even very complicated often scarce spatial data sets obtained from ground measurement and satellite observations. The goal of the article was to present selected results obtained using geostatistical methods also related to remote sensing, which may be helpful for decision makers in revitalizing post-industrial and post-mining areas. The results described in this paper were based mostly on the previous studies, carried out by authors.

17

Fitochemostabilizacja jako alternatywna metoda minimalizowania toksycznego wpływu metali ciężkich w środowisku glebowym

Niesiobędzka Krystyna

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

|

2020

|

R. 25, nr 1

5--11

18

The Influence of Soil Contamination with Diesel Oil on Germination Dynamics and Seedling Development of Selected Species of the Fabaceae family

Pawluśkiewicz Bogumiła, Gnatowski Tomasz, Janicka Maria

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 1

210--218

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with diesel oil on the early development of three species of the Fabaceae family (Medicago lupulina L., Lotus corniculatus L., Trifolium repens L.). These species have a wide ecological range and they often occur on extensively used lawns. For these reasons, the knowledge on their tolerance to soil pollution with diesel oil can be of great importance in the creative and conservative cultivation of these plant species and their seed production for establishing the greenery of communication routes. The studies were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. The soil substrates were composed of the loamy sand mixed with diesel oil in an amount of 2.5 g and 5.0 g per 1 kg of absolute dry mass of soil. The germination dynamics were analyzed. The measurements were conducted twice a day for 12 days after sowing. The development of seedlings was determined on the basis of the length, diameter, area and volume of the radicle. These features were determined on 20-day-old seedlings of the tested species. For the analysis of plant material, the technique of the scanned image was used in the “WinRhizo PRO 2009” software. It was proven that the tested species have various tolerances for the petrol oil in the soil and demonstrate various defense mechanisms under the stress conditions. The least changes of the seed germination rate on the soil with diesel oil against the control were indicated for L. corniculatus. The defense strategy of that species relied on the radicle development through increasing the diameter and – in consequence – the surface and the volume. M. lupulina also showed good germination capacity in the presence of diesel oil, but the radicle was shorter in comparison to the control. The germination rate of T. repens in the contaminated soil was significantly reduced. The recommendation for using not only L. corniculatus, but also M. lupulina on the contaminated areas should be taken into consideration.

19

Sources of anthropogenic contamination of soil in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration (southern Poland)

Pasieczna Anna, Konon Agnieszka Anna, Nadłonek Weronika

Geological Quarterly

|

2020

|

Vol. 64, No. 4

988--1003

EN

This assessment of the environmental degradation by toxic chemical elements within the Upper Silesian Industrial Agglomeration of Poland encompasses the impact of mining for base metals and coal and non-ferrous metalurgy, as well as the discharge of industrial and municipal sewage causing strong degradation of the natural environment in the area over the years. The content of the following elements: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sn, Sr, Ti, V and Zn has been assessed both in the topsoil (0.0-0.3 m) and the subsoil (0.8-1.0 m) of the study area. Concentrations of the elements in the <2 mm soil fraction were analysed using the ICP-OES method after Aqua regia extraction. The soil contamination was assessed based on the enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The tests revealed elevated contents of several metals, arsenic and sulphur, exceeding the regional geochemical background levels. Unusually high concentrations of the following elements: As (up to 5,300 mg/kg), Cd (up to 388.8 mg/kg), Cr (up to 1,638 mg/kg), Cu (up to 13,230 mg/kg), Hg (up to 23.44 mg/kg), Mo (up to 93.7 mg/kg), Pb (up to 54,940 mg/kg), Sn (up to 701 mg/kg) and Zn (up to 88,120 mg/kg) were recorded. The highest concentrations of these elements were found in the proximity of smelters and residential areas. The spatial distribution of metals is shown as interpolated data on maps and compared with the locations of mining and industrial sites.

20

Remediacja gleb zanieczyszczonych metalami

Pusz Agnieszka, Wiśniewska Magdalena, Kamiński Arkadiusz

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2019

|

T. 98, nr 6

863--867

PL

Dokonano oceny akumulacyjnych zdolności mieszanki traw w stosunku do metali: cynku, kadmu, niklu, chromu, ołowiu i miedzi. Wykonano oznaczenie całkowitych zawartości metali w glebach pochodzących z terenów przemysłowych w różnym stopniu zanieczyszczonych oraz zawartości metali w testowanych gatunkach traw. Stwierdzono, że w zależności od zebranego pokosu mieszanka traw w różnym stopniu akumulowała metale. Szereg ten przedstawia się następująco: Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni. Testowane trawy, ze względu na ilość pobranych metali, wykazywały w większości przydatność przemysłową.

EN

Four soils from an industrial area were analyzed for contents of Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cu and then phytoremediated by using Festuca rubra L., Festuca ovina L., Lolium perenne L. and Poa pratensis L. grasses. The metal contents in soils decreased in series Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd. The soilage (3 swaths) was studied for contents of the removed metals. The metal contents in the grass biomass decreased in series Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. The contents of Zn, Cd and Pb in grass were higher than allowable in fodders.