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Research into Comparative Performance of Different Tillage and Fertilization Systems Applied to Grey Forest Soil of Forest Steppe in Grain Crop Rotation

Kaminskyi Viktor, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Tkachenko Mykola, Kolomiіets Mykola, Kaminska Valentina, Ptashnik Mykhailo, Ivanovs Semjons, Kiernicki Zbigniew

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 12

163--178

The paper summarises the results of the comprehensive scientific research carried out in the form of a two-factor stationary experiment (5 primary tillage systems × 3 fertilization systems) with rotation (2016–2020) of cereal crops (winter wheat – grain maize – spring barley – soybean) in grey forest fine sand and light loam soil. The effectiveness of the tested agricultural production method has been proven by the amplitudes of the actual cropping capacities: winter wheat – 2.80–5.00 t∙ha–1; grain maize – 4.16–8.89 t∙ha–1; spring barley – 1.78–4.45 t∙ha–1; soybean – 1.02–3.17 t∙ha–1. The rehabilitation of the physical, agrochemical and biological status of the edatope and the consolidation of the physiological processes in the grain cenoses achieved by the systemic approach to the soil tillage and fertilisation have provided for an increase in the natural biological potential of the plough land by a factor of 1.3–1.8 (from 2.96 to 5.21 t∙ha–1 of grain units, units for the equivalent measuring of different plant cultivation products). Factographic justification has been provided for the environmental, technological and technical-and-economic feasibility of implementing agronomic technologies based on the adaptive combination of mouldboard and non-mouldboard tillage (to a depth of 6–45 cm) and organic and mineral fertilization system (6.5–7.0 t∙ha–1 of plant cultivation by-products + N70P58K68). In this case, the effective fertility of an area unit in crop rotation reaches 5.72 t∙ha–1 in grain units, the production cost of raised grain – 117 €∙t–1, the earning capacity – 788 € (ha∙year) –1, the level of plant cultivation profitability – 139%. In the comparable alternatives of the system-based soil tillage (every-year ploughing, subsurface blade tillage and especially tillage with disk implements), the indices estimated above are significantly lower.

Design, construction and performance of a pressure chamber for water retention curve determination through traditional and nuclear methods

Pires L., Bacchi O.

Nukleonika

2006

Vol. 51, nr 4

225-230

We present in this work a detailed design of a small low-pressure chamber outfitted with a ceramic porous plate for evaluating the soil water retention curve (SWRC) in the water potential range from 0 to -100 kPa. The chamber is made of acrylic and permits the use of one unique soil sample each time. The use of this chamber allows quick measurements of soil moisture using nuclear (based on gamma-ray attenuation) and conventional methods and SWRC determinations made with the designed chamber are in agreement with those obtained using a commercial low-pressure chamber. The chamber was designed especially for testing the use of the nuclear method as an auxiliary tool for SWRC determinations but it can be easily adapted for routine investigations and a practical alternative for the conventional SWRC method.