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1

Wymiarowanie fundamentów na podstawie analizy parametrów geotechnicznych oznaczonych według PN-B-03020:1981 i PN-EN 1997-1:2008

Mieloch Joanna, Węgliński Szymon

Przegląd Budowlany

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2024

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R. 95, nr 3

102--105

PL

Ocena i analiza parametrów geotechnicznych należy do najważniejszego etapu projektowania fundamentów, także ze względu na możliwość ograniczenia robót ziemnych niekorzystnie wpływających na środowisko naturalne. Na przykładzie posadowienia hali przemysłowej, po przeprowadzonym rozpoznaniu podłoża gruntowego oceniono parametry gruntów i dokonano obliczeń nośności podłoża oraz zaprojektowano fundamenty zgodnie z normą PN-B-03020:1981 oraz PN-EN 1997-1:2008. Przedstawiono wnioski i wyniki dotyczące wykorzystania nośności podłoża oraz oceny parametrów geotechnicznych w zależności od przyjętego wariantu obliczeniowego.

EN

Assessment and analysis of geotechnical parameters is the most important stage of foundation design, also due to the possibility of limiting earthworks that adversely affect the natural environment. Using the example of the foundation of an industrial hall, the soil parameters were assessed and the bearing capacity of the subgrade was calculated, and the foundations were designed in accordance with the PN-B-03020:1981 and PN-EN 1997-1:2008 standards. Conclusions and results regarding the use of the bearing capacity of the subsoil and the assessment of geotechnical parameters depending on the carried calculation variant are presented.

2

Effect of ureolytic bacteria on compressibility of the soils with variable gradation

Wasil Mariola, Wydro Urszula, Wołejko Elżbieta

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2023

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Vol. 16, no. 3

131--139

EN

The aim of this study is to present the effect of treatment with ureolytic bacteria (Sporosarcina pasteurii) on the compressibility parameters of mineral and anthropogenic soils. In the presence of the urease enzyme, secreted by a strain of Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria, urea hydrolysis occurs, allowing CaCO3 to be precipitated. The literature suggests applying the Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) method to non-cohesive soils. In order to determine whether the biomineralization process occurs in other soil types, cohesive and anthropogenic soils were tested in the laboratory. Compressibility tests were carried out in the laboratory on MICP-treated and untreated soils as reference samples. The process of biocementation in the soil is made possible by the introduction of bacteria into the soil and subsequent activation by a cementation solution (consisting of urea and calcium ions Ca2+). This paper presents the methodology for introducing bacteria into the soil, as well as the effect of the biomineralization process on the deformation parameters of the tested materials.

3

Numerical analysis of tailing dam with calibration based on genetic algorithm and geotechnical monitoring data

Grosel Szczepan

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2021

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Vol. 43, nr 1

34--47

EN

The article presents a method of calibration of material parameters of a numerical model based on a genetic algorithm, which allows to match the calculation results with measurements from the geotechnical monitoring network. This method can be used for the maintenance of objects managed by the observation method, which requires continuous monitoring and design alterations. The correctness of the calibration method has been verified on the basis of artificially generated data in order to eliminate inaccuracies related to approximations resulting from the numerical model generation. Using the example of the tailing dam model the quality of prediction of the selected measurement points was verified. Moreover, changes of factor of safety values, which is an important indicator for designing this type of construction, were analyzed. It was decided to exploit the case of dam of reservoir, which is under continuous construction, that is dam height is increasing constantly, because in this situation the use of the observation method is relevant.

4

The modification of the dynamic properties of cohesive soil resulting from triaxial consolidation

Kogut J., Zięba J.

Technical Transactions

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2017

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Vol. 9(114)

75--89

EN

This paper describes the laboratory examination of the dynamic parameters of cohesive soil together with an analysis of these parameters using artificial intelligence. The analysis yielded the propagation velocity of shear wave Vs and the dynamic Kirchhoff modulus G obtained during the soil tests in the triaxial stress apparatus. The investigation was conducted using bender elements. The artificial neural networks trained on data obtained from the test were used for the further analysis.

PL

Artykuł łączy ze sobą badania laboratoryjne parametrów dynamicznych gruntu spoistego wraz z ich analizą z użyciem metod sztucznej inteligencji. Rezultatami analizy są wartości prędkości propagacji fali ścinającej Vs oraz dynamicznego moduł Kirchhoffa G uzyskane podczas badania gruntu w aparacie trójosiowego ściskania. Do otrzymania tych parametrów posłużyło wykorzystanie elementów bender. Do analizy użyto sztucznych sieci neuronowych uczonych na danych pozyskanych z badań.

5

Development of a satellite data based model for homogeneous polygons delimitation, for operational use for the agricultural sector in Poland

Gatkowska M., Wróbel K., Paradowski K., Wyczałek M.

Geoinformation Issues

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2017

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Vol. 9, no. 1(9)

53--61

EN

The paper presents a model for homogeneous land-soil units delimitation on the basis of three main components: NDSI index (Normalized Difference Soil Index) calculated on the basis of Sentinel-2 satellite data for bare soil, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) calculated also on the basis of Sentinel-2 satellite data for vegetation in the end of growing phase and the DTM (Digital Terrain Model) derived from the SRTM mission. The stages of development of the designed model are presented together with the assumptions and thesis applied. The applicability of the method used and further steps to be performed are explained. The comparison of the results of land-soil units delimitation derived on the basis of the proposed model with the results of in-field electromagnetic scanning measurements (EM-38) is demonstrated. The model is proved to be applicable for the demarcation of soil managements zones in the fields and the need for its further validation is stated.

PL

W artykule zademonstrowany jest model wyznaczania obszarów jednorodnych, pod kątem właściwości gleby, w obrębie pola z jednorodną uprawą. Zaproponowany model jest opracowany na podstawie trzech komponentów wejściowych: wskaźnika NDSI obliczonego na podstawie obrazu satelitarnego gołej gleby zarejestrowanego przez satelitę Sentinel-2, wskaźnika NDVI obliczonego na podstawie obrazu satelitarnego Sentinel-2 dla uprawy pod koniec okresu wegetacji oraz Numerycznego Modelu Terenu DTM, pozyskanego z misji SRTM. W artykule przedstawiono krótki przegląd literatury dotyczący zastosowania teledetekcji satelitarnej dla szacowania parametrów gleby. Ponadto w artykule zaprezentowano etapy opracowania modelu, przyjęte tezy i założenia, jak również dalsze kroki rozwoju modelu i jego zastosowania w operacyjnym serwisie ASAP.

6

Shallow site investigation of Quaternary sands inside and in the vicinity of a sinkhole in the former lignite mining area in Zielona Góra (western Poland)

Szajna W. S., Gontaszewska A.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 2

347--357

EN

The paper presents a brownfield site investigation of the area where lignite was formerly exploited with an underground mining method. The Miocene lignite seams were folded by glaciers and covered with a layer of highly compacted sediments with sands on top. Yet eighty years after the extraction ceased, new sinkholes still develop. The aim of this work is to determine both the mechanical parameters of soil in the area of sinkholes and the changes in the values of these parameters induced by the process of sinkhole formation. The applied methodology involves in-situ investigations. Soil state and strength parameters were examined with the use of CPTU and DPL tests, while stiffness parameters were determined in the SDMT test. The evaluated parameters of soil may provide data for numerical modelling of the process of sinkhole formation and may significantly simplify future in-situ investigations in the area where the soil profile shows high natural changeability of state. The knowledge of values of parameters in a sinkhole and outside it enables easier differentiation between the zones of undisturbed soil and zones where sinkholes formed in the past (and were then backfilled) or where the sinkhole formation process is currently in progress.

7

Parametry magnetyczne jako wskaźnik procesów zachodzących w czarnoziemie zdegradowanym uformowanym na miechowskim płacie lessowym

Dytłow S. K., Górka-Kostrubiec B.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2014

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Vol. 23, No. 2

170--184

PL

Praca miała na celu przedstawienie zmian parametrów magnetycznych i glebowych, które charakteryzują procesy zachodzące w czarnoziemie zdegradowanym uformowanym na płacie lessowym z okolic Miechowa. Do badań zastosowano magnetometrię glebową oraz metody pomiaru odczynu pH, strat po prażeniu i zawartości węglanów w glebie. W pracy wykorzystano parametry pętli histerezy oraz parametry zależne od temperatury: SIRM(T) i κ(T), do identyfikacji minerałów magnetycznych obecnych w profilu glebowym. Podatność magnetyczna oraz jej zależność od częstotliwości była użyta jako wskaźnik wzbogacenia poziomów glebowych w frakcję cząstek magnetycznych powstałych w procesie pedogenezy. Stwierdzono, że poziomy A i ABbr(Bt) mają podobne wartości parametrów magnetycznych χ, χARM i χfd%. Poziomy A i ABbr(Bt) są wzbogacone w silnie magnetycznie tlenki żelaza (maghemit) o małych wartościach koercji magnetycznej. Skała macierzysta (badany płat lessów z okolic Miechowa) zawiera hematyt o słabym namagnesowaniu i silnej koercji magnetycznej. Duże wzbogacenie magnetyczne w poziomach A i ABbr(Bt) jest związane z wysoką zawartością materii organicznej w górnych poziomach glebowych, dla których parametr strat przy prażeniu wskazywał na 8–10-procentowym udział materii organicznej.

EN

The aim of this paper is to present the changes in magnetic and soil parameters that characterize the processes occurring in the degraded chernozem formed in loess from Miechow area. The study used magnetic properties of soil and the method of measuring reactivity pH, loss on ignition and carbonate content in the soil. The A and ABbr(Bt) horizons have similar values of the magnetic parameters: χ, χARM and χfd%. Both horizons [A and ABbr(Bt)] are enriched in strongly magnetic iron oxides (maghemit) with low values of magnetic coercivity. A parent rock (loess from the Miechow area) contains hematite with low magnetization and high magnetic coercivity. In the study the parameters of hysteresis loop and the temperature-dependent parameter: SIRM(T) and κ(T) were used to identify the magnetic minerals present in the soil profile. Magnetic susceptibility and its dependence on frequency were used to identify the enrichment of soil horizons in the fraction of magnetic particles formed during pedogenesis. Large magnetic enrichment in horizons A and ABbr(Bt) is associated with a high content of organic matter in the upper levels of the soil, for which the parameter of loss on ignition point to 8–10% of the organic matter.

8

Wpływ dodatku osadów ściekowych na wybrane fizyczno-chemiczne i mikrobiologiczne parametry gleb zdegradowanych

Fijałkowski K., Kacprzak M.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2009

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T. 12, nr 2

133-141

PL

Gleby zdegradowane w wyniku szkodliwego oddziaływania emisji z hut metali nieżelaznych są często wyjałowione z substancji organicznej oraz brak w nich odpowiedniej mikroflory. Taki stan środowiska glebowego wyklucza skuteczność biologicznej rewitalizacji bez wcześniejszego wzbogacenia matrycy gleby odpowiednimi substratami. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące zmian wartości wybranych parametrów mikrobiologicznych i fizyczno-chemicznych gleby wzbogaconej komunalnymi osadami ściekowymi po 6 miesiącach od aplikacji substratu. W doświadczeniu wykorzystano zdegradowaną glebę pochodzącą z terenu oddziaływania huty w Miasteczku Śląskim i komunalny osad ściekowy z oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych w Pajęcznie w trzech proporcjach wagowych (10, 30 i 50%). Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały poprawę większości badanych parametrów (pH, TEB, CEC, azot organiczny, fosfor przyswajalny, liczebność grzybów i promieniowców), a zastosowane osady ściekowe przyczyniły się zarówno do wzrostu zdolności buforowych badanej gleby, jak i jej znacznego wzbogacenia w fosfor przyswajalny łącznie z poprawą stosunku C:N. Otrzymane dane wskazują, że w badanej glebie zachodzi korzystna odnowa procesów mineralizacji substancji organicznej, co potwierdza skuteczność stosowania osadów ściekowych w rekultywacji gleb zdegradowanych.

EN

One of the most widespread form of soil degradation is the chemical contamination, which is generally seen in industrialized areas and can be manifested as heavy metals pollution. Soils degraded by the toxic emissions from non-ferrous foundries (rich of heavy metals) are very often deficient in organic compounds and suitable microflora because of limited soil's protective abilities in the presence of metallic elements contamination. That kind of soils is hard to revitalize without earlier improvement of soil matrix by specific substratum. Sludges from municipal waste water treatment plants (particularly from country-side ones) are rich in nutritive compounds which can be assimilated by plants. Because of that, sludges can be very effective soil-forming substrates in upper layers of inorganic ground where they can restore a biological activity which is proper for fertile soils. The paper presents the evaluation of municipal sewage sludge influence on selected physico-chemical and biological (bacteria and fungi constitute the most important part of the microflora present in soils) parameters of degraded soil after six months since the application. The investigated soil was taken from the area polluted by Miasteczko Slaskie zinc foundry, and municipal sewage sludge originated from waste water treatment plant in Pajeczno. Conducted analyses have shown improvement in the majority of studied parameters (fungi and actinomycetes population, pH, TEB, CEC, Kiejdahl's nitrogen and assimilable phosphorus). Applied sewage sludge caused improvement of sorption capacity (cation exchange capacity - CEC) which indicates amelioration of soil's fertility. Sludge used in experiment also indicates high enlargement of assimilable phosphorus in connection to appropriate carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N). The presented work has shown positive sewage sludge influence on organic matter mineralization processes which confirms the fact that this substratum can be effectively used in degraded soil reclamation e.g. in low cost soil cleaning procedures like phytoremediation.

9

In-place determination of topsoil shear properties for off-road vehicle traffic

Gotteland P., Plé O., Benoit O.

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2008

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Vol. 30, nr 1-2

269-275

EN

The study of the off-road vehicle traffic consists in estimating the drawbar pull of a vehicle on a given soil and can be calculated by means of such models as that of Janosi-Hanamoto which depends on the soil mechanic parameters, i.e., the angle of friction and cohesion. These parameters result generally from shearing tests. The annular shearing test is often used to estimate the soil shearing in mobility studies. Other shearing test is the translation shearing test which consists in the translation, at a constant speed, of a loaded plate with a smooth interface or with grousers. This article aims to present the validation of the translation shearing test for the study of the shearing of the granular surface soils and the method allowing us to link this operational test with the efforts measured during full-scale tests. An experimental device was developed to perform superficial translation shearing tests of a loaded plate at slow speed or fast speed to obtain the shearing forces.

10

The influence of soil parameters on slope stability factor and slip surface shape

Opyrchał L., Popielski P., Tomaszewicz A., Jankowski W.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 53, nr 3

519-525

EN

The finite element method (FEM) is now the prevailing method for calculating earthen slope stability. However, the natural variability of soil parameters c and fi in material zones adopted for calculations is not usually taken into account. If slightly different values of these parameters are assigned to each element then the stability factor F decreases. Also, the slip curve loses its circular shape assumed in mostly used layer methods.

PL

Metoda elementów skończonych (MES) jest w chwili obecnej najczęściej stosowana metodą do oceny stateczności skarpy zimnej. Jednakże do obliczeń przyjmowane są strefy materiałowe bez uwzględnienia naturalnej zmienności parametrów gruntu c i fi. Jeżeli każdemu elementowi zostaną przypisane nieco inne ich wartości, to wartość współczynnika stanu równowagi F maleje. Także krzywa poślizgu traci swój zbliżony do kołowego kształt założony w najczęściej stosowanych metodach paskowych.

11

A studyon liquefaction susceptibility of some soils from the coast of Marmara sea

Sawicki A., Świdziński W.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

405-418

EN

The paper presents an estimation of liquefaction susceptibility of some soils from the coast of the Marmara Sea, which was heavily striken by the Kocaeli earthquake in 1999. Firstly, the results of field investigations are summarized. Then, the results of laboratory investigations of physical and mechanical properties of the soils collated from the sites investigated are presented. The mechanical properties relate to the compaction/liquefaction model of saturated soils. This model is briefly outlined, then respective experimental procedures dealing with its calibration described, and values of material parameters listed. Liquefaction potential of investigated soils is analysed using standard procedures, based on the grain size distribution curves and SPTs. Finally, the simulation of pore-pressure generation and onset of liquefaction of Turkish soils is carried out, using the compaction/liquefaction model. Discussion of some standard empirical procedures of estimation of liquefaction potential of saturated soils, conducted from the analytical point of view, is also presented.

12

The Influence of changes of soil parameters due to consolidation on the interaction of piles and soft soil layer

Kurałowicz Z.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2006

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Vol. 53, nr 3

203-233

EN

The problem of determination of lateral earth pressure of the soft soil on piles related to the safe design of construction founded on deep piles is presented in the paper. The examples of lateral earth pressure acting against piles are described, as well as properties and response of non-cohesive, cohesive and organic soils forming a soft layer subjected to unsymmetrical loading. Current approaches related to the determination of lateral earth pressure loading the piles are shown. The influence of consolidation on the change of soil strength parameters is presented as well as the application of own model and laboratory test results to the Winter-Leinekugel proposal of earth pressure calculation. Many years research have been carried out in cooperation with Prof. Helmut Mei\ssner from Kaiserslautern University, Germany under the common project entitled "The lateral earth pressure of soft soil acting against piles" as well as in the frame of grants of Polish Research Council.