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Changes in Essential Soil Nutrients and Soil Disturbance Directly Affected Soil Microbial Community Structure: A Metagenomic Approach

Wiryawan Adam, Eginarta Wahyu Satria, Hermanto Feri Eko, Ustiatik Reni, Dinira Layta, Mustafa Irfan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 7

238--245

Soil environment, both biotic (e.g., microbial community) and abiotic (e.g., nutrients and water availability) factors determine soil fertility and health and are directly affected by soil management systems. However, only limited studies evaluate the combined effect of nutrients availability and soil disturbance on the soil bacteria community structure, especially in conventional agricultural practices, on the forests converted to agricultural land. This study aimed to provide a viewpoint of the effect of different soil management systems, i.e., forest soil (natural process) and tilled land, on soil bacteria community structure on forest converted to agricultural land, according to a metagenomics approach. Moreover, each land use was sampled to identify the bacterial community using 16S gene as a biomarker. The sequencing was performed using MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) to read the DNA sequence from each soil sample. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to comprehend the relationship between availability of nutrients and bacterial diversity. The results revealed that the concentrations of soil micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, and magnesium, were significantly higher in forest soil than in tilled land. According to diversity indices, soil bacteria were more diverse in forest soil than in tilled land. Forest soil had more distinctive taxa than tilled land. Several species comprised the most abundant taxa, such as Candidatus Koribacter versatilis, Candidatus Solibacter usiatus, Rhodoplanes sp., Luteitalea pratensis, and Betaproteobacteria bacterium, were more scarce in tilled land. On the distinctive taxa in each soil sample, Anseongella ginsenosidimutans and Janthinobacterium sp. were the most abundant species in forest and tilled land, respectively. According to PCA analysis, soil management system affected the soil micro-and macronutrients also microbial community structure between forest and tilled land. In conclusion, soil management influences the essential nutrient content and bacterial community structure of soil. Better management should be adopted to maintain soil quality near forest soil.

Species diversity of submontane grasslands : effects of topographic and soil factors

Kopeć M., Zarzycki J., Gondek K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2010

Vol. 58, nr 2

285-295

The grassland ecosystems generally, and the submontane meadow vegetationparticularly, are important components of the natural diversity of landscape. In the montane range (600-1000 m a.s.l.) (Beskidy Mts. Southern Poland) the richness (number of species) and the diversity (assessed with several indices) of meadow vegetation (permanent grassland and formerly arable land) were studies on 356 plots of 100 m2 each using the method of Braun-Blanquet. The correlation with several topographic factors (altitude, inclination, exposure), as well as with soil chemical factors (pH, nutrient like P and other macroelements content) was elaborated and the Ellenberg.s indicator values in respect to moisture, acidity and fertility were calculated. It was found that the main factor diminishing species diversity was the increasing of altitude from 343 m to 963 m and soil acidification from 3.4 to 6.5. No significant difference was noted between the diversity indexes (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson) of three study communities. The soil fertility affected the number of species in the plant communities in the opposite way. In the case of communities of Molinio-Arhenatheretea class occurring on more fertile habitats, fertility increase caused a decline in the number of species, whereas in the communities from Nardo-Callunetea class developed on extremely poor habitats - the number of species was growing with increasing fertility.