Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Biostimulator for Arid Pastures in the South of Kazakhstan

Baymagambetova Zhanara, Kedelbayev Bakhytzhan, Seitkarimov Amir, Kalymbetov Gani, Sapargaliyeva Bayan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

131--145

EN

Long-term unsystematic use of near-settlement pastures in the desert zone of South Kazakhstan had a negative impact on the physic-chemical parameters of Calcisol. Excessive grazing leads to trampling of soil and reduction of soil fertility. The aim of the study was to develop a technology to improve the productivity of degraded near-settlement pastures. The tasks of the research were to determine the effect application of environmental safe biostimulator and biofertilizer on microbial communities, the content of carbon and phosphorus in the soil, the effectiveness of biostimulator application on degraded pastures in order to increase green mass. For this purpose, geobotanical, bacteriological and helminthological methods of analysis were used. The result of the used proposed technology is the activation of soil microorganisms, which leads to the prevention of degradation of arid pastures. The results of the conducted research contribute to the introduction of a better technology to increase the productivity of arid near-settlement pastures. Statistical analysis of the experiments showed that all manipulations on soil microorganisms increase the number and green mass of arid plants.

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Preliminary assessment of the impact of soil microorganisms on greenhouse gas emissions expressed in CO2 equivalent and grass biomass

Gamrat Renata, Gałczyńska Małgorzata, Brysiewicz Adam

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 53

108--117

EN

The pot experiment was conducted to access the soil microorganisms biomass (physiological method - Substrate Induced Respiration) and emissions of N2O, CO2 and CH4 (photoacoustic infrared detection method), and grasses biomass (weight method). The obtained results of analysed gases were converted to CO2 equivalent. There was no effect of the microorganisms biomass on the N2O emissions. The increase in CO2 emissions was accompanied by an increase in the microorganisms biomass (r = 0.48) under the conditions of the I swath and acid soil reaction, as well as the II swath and neutral reaction (r = 0.94). On the other hand, in the case of CH4 emission, such a relationship was noted both swaths under the conditions of neutral reaction (r = 0.51), but a negative correlation (r = –0.71) was noted for the acid reaction only at the II swath. The increase in the grasses biomass with the increase in the microorganisms biomass was recorded only at the II swath in neutral reaction (r = 0.91). In a short period of time, with the neutral soil reaction with the increase in the soil microorganisms biomass, an increase in CO2 sequestration and biomass of cultivated grasses was noted. Information on the determination of the microorganisms groups responsible mainly for the transformation of carbon compounds and CO2 and CH4 emissions from the soils of grasslands would be valuable scientifically.

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Influence of Cultivation Technology on the Productivity of Spring Wheat and the Humus State of Southern Carbonate Soils of Northern Kazakhstan

Kunanbayev K., Churkina G., Filonov V., Utebayev M., Rukavitsina I.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

49--58

EN

Intensive use of the chernozem soils of Northern Kazakhstan since the development of virgin lands has led to soil erosion and loss of humus. Since 1954, according to researchers, 1.2 bln tons of organic matter have been irretrievably lost. During this period, the methods of tillage have changed significantly from surface to subsurface tillage, which led to a change in the method of accumulation of organic residues in the soil. The purpose of this study was the short-term monitoring of spring wheat cultivation technologies to observe their influence on crop productivity and soil agrocenosis. A virgin plot was used as a standard of soil fertility. Determination of nutrients in the soil was carried out by using the method of "wet chemistry" with spectrophotometric termination. An infrared analyzer was used to assess the grain quality. The identification of soil microorganisms was carried out on nutrient microbiological media, such as meat-and-peptone agar, starch-and-ammonia agar, and Czapek-Dox agar. The results of three-year studies showed that the humus content in the variants with permanent wheat decreased to 3.26–3.38%. The greatest decrease in humus content was observed in the two-field grain and fallow crop rotation (2.48%). The decrease in the amount of humus occurred as a result of insufficient intake of plant residues and mineral fertilizers. The content of nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in virgin soil is low. Soil micromycetes dominate on virgin lands, whereas ammonifiers and immobilizers dominate on cultivated soils. The high level of carbon dioxide emissions on virgin land (3.0 C2 kg/ha/hour) is due to the presence of a large amount of plant biomass. The most optimal variant out the considered technological backgrounds from the point of view of increasing yields up to 15.8 c/ha and preserving soil fertility (3.26% humus content) is the cultivation of permanent wheat with the introduction of fertilizers and herbicides. The use of two-field grain and fallow crop rotation leads to irreplaceable losses of organic matter (2.48%).

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Wpływ rodzaju nawożenia azotowego na zawartość biomasy żywych mikroorganizmów w glebie i emisję ditlenku węgla

Burczyk P., Gałczyńska M., Michalcewicz W., Gamrat R.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2016

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T. 16, z. 2

5--15

PL

Celem badań było określenie zawartości biomasy żywych mikroorganizmów w glebie i emisji ditlenku węgla w warunkach zróżnicowanego nawożenia azotem mieszanki traw w uprawie wazonowej. W próbkach glebowych w dwóch terminach oznaczono biomasę żywych mikroorganizmów w glebie, wykorzystując opracowaną przez Andersena i Domscha fizjologiczną metodę polegającą na pomiarach wydzielania ditlenku węgla. Przeprowadzono również pomiary emisji ditlenku węgla za pomocą polowego miernika fotoakustycznego gazów INNOVA 1412. Uzyskane wyniki badań poddano dwuczynnikowej analizie wariancji. Określono także parametry korelacji liniowej pomiędzy biomasą mikroorganizmów a emisją ditlenku węgla. Zastosowana w badaniach dawka nawożenia azotem (saletra amonowa – 50 kg N∙ha-1 lub gnojówka 50 kg N∙ha-1) nie ograniczała rozwoju mikroorganizmów glebowych. Na biomasę mikroorganizmów glebowych w uprawie mieszanek traw miały wpływ zarówno rodzaj, jak i liczba dawek azotu. Biomasa mikroorganizmów glebowych dodatnio wpłynęła na emisję ditlenku węgla w warunkach nawożenia organicznego i mineralnego.

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the biomass content of microorganisms in soil and carbon dioxide emissions in conditions of nitrogen fertilization in the cultivation of pot grass mixtures. In soil samples in two terms size of the biomass of living microorganisms was measured using developed by Andersen and Domsch physiological method based on measurements of generating carbon dioxide. Measurements of carbon dioxide emissions using field gas monitor INNOVA 1412 were also carried out. The results of the study were treated by two-factor analysis of variance. The linear correlation between microbial biomass and carbon dioxide emissions was performed. Used in the studies, doses of nitrogen fertilization (ammonium nitrate – 50 kg N∙ha-1, liquid manure – 50 kg N∙ha-1) do not influenced the development of soil microorganisms. The volume of soil microbial biomass in the cultivation of grass mixtures was affected by the type and number of doses of nitrogen fertilization. Both mineral and organic fertilization affected positively on soil microbial biomass and the volume of carbon dioxide emission.

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Effect of PRP Sol on microbial and biochemical soil properties

Martyniuk S., Kozieł M., Jończyk K.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 59, nr 4

37--39

EN

The aim of this work was to assess some microbial and enzymatic parameters in soil under winter wheat, maize and spring barley treated with PRP Sol in comparison to soil fertilized with NPK. Estimates of: total numbers of bacteria and fungi, numbers of Azotobacter spp., MPN of rhizobia, numbers of spores of AM fungi, glomalin content, as well as phosphatases activities in soil under winter wheat, corn and spring barley treated with PRP Sol generally did not differ significantly from those found in soil fertilized with NPK.

PL

Celem badań było porównanie wpływu PRP Sol i nawożenia NPK na wybrane grupy mikroorganizmów i aktywność enzymów w glebie pod uprawą zbóż (pszenica ozima, kukurydza, jęczmień jary). Wartości następujących parametrów: ogólna liczebność bakterii i grzybów, liczebność Azotobacter spp., MPN rizobiów, liczebność spor grzybów mikoryzowych (AM), zawartość glomalin oraz aktywność fosfatazy kwaśniej i zasadowej w glebie pod ww. roślinami nawożonymi PRP Sol nie różniły się na ogół istotnie od wartości tych parametrów w glebie nawożonej NPK.

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Porównanie wpływu konserwującej i tradycyjnej technologii uprawy na wybrane parametry biologicznej aktywności gleby w różnych warunkach glebowo-klimatycznych Polski

Gajda A.M.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2006

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R. 14, nr 1

63-74

PL

Wyniki uzyskane podczas badań wykazały bardziej korzystne oddziaływanie konserwujących technologii uprawy, szczególnie technologii siewu bezpośredniego na środowisko glebowe, w porównaniu z technologią tradycyjną. Gleba uprawiana w technologii siewu bezpośredniego TSB w GR Rogów wykazywała wyższą zawartość C w biomasie mikroorganizmów o średnio około 13% oraz wyższą aktywność dehydrogenaz o średnio około 1,3 raza w porównaniu z technologią tradycyjną TT. Podobne różnice w wartościach badanych parametrów aktywności mikrobiologicznej gleby pomiędzy technologią konserwującą i tradycyjną obserwowano także w RZD Żelisławki. Stosunek C biomasy do C org. w glebie zarówno w Rogowie, jak i w Żelisławkach był wyższy w glebie uprawianej w siewie bezpośrednim TSB niż w systemie tradycyjnym TT.

EN

The main objective of the studies was to determine the effect of reduced tillage and direct sowing management systems on the changes of analyzed parameters of soil biological activity, in comparison to the changes in soil under conventional management system. At private farm Rogow, soil under direct sowing showed on average about 13,0 % higher contents of microbial biomass C, and 1,3 times higher activity of dehydrogenases system, than soil managed conventionally. Similar effects of direct sowing management on analyzed parameters of soil biological activity was observed at the Experimental Station Zelislawki. The calculated values of microbial quotient (C biomass : org. C ratio) for soils under direct sowing management were higher than values obtained for soil managed conventionally at both experimental sites, in 2003 and 2005. Significant increase in microbial quotient was noticed in 2005 as compared to 2003 at both experimental sites.