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Effects of ecological restoration patterns on runoff and sediment in an abandoned coal mine of Southern China

Li Hao, Chen Wenbo, Zhang Cheng, He Lei, Liang Haifen, Li Haifeng, Liu Dingpu

Environment Protection Engineering

2023

Vol. 49, nr 4

29--44

Evaluating the ecological economic benefits of different ecological restoration patterns in abandoned mines is important in ecological restoration study. Taking the abandoned coal mine in Luoshi Township of Fengcheng county, Jiangxi province, as a case, 4 different ecological restoration patterns (grapefruit with grass vegetation – Pattern I, pine with grass vegetation – Pattern II, grapefruit – Pattern III, and bare slope – Pattern IV) have been conducted to study the runoff and sediment yield under natural rainfall conditions. The results showed that the ecological restoration patterns and rainfall intensity can significantly affect runoff and sediment yield which increased as rainfall intensity increased: Pattern IV > Pattern III > Pattern II > Pattern I. For the optimal ecological restoration with Pattern I, the average runoff and sediment reduction was 59.01 and 77.1%, respectively, in all rainfall intensities. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that runoff and sediment were significantly affected by ecological restoration pattern and rainfall intensity (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis of runoff and sediment yields indicated that the reduction effect on sediment yield increased with the decrease of runoff, and the relationships between runoff and sediment at different ecological restoration patterns could be fitted with a linear function. Moreover, the vegetation configuration that combines fruit farming with grass can be not only beneficial to control soil and water conservation but produce considerable economic and ecological benefits.

Soil Loss Estimation for Conservation Planning in the Dolago Watershed Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Naharuddin Naharuddin, Malik Adam, Ahyauddin Ahyauddin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 7

242--251

Soil loss assessment in watersheds is useful in developing plans for the protection and conservation of soil and water in a sustainable manner. This study aimed to determine erosion hazard classification and erosion hazard map using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) as the basis of a soil and water conservation planning program. The RUSLE model was used to assess soil loss and guide the soil conservation efforts. Annual rainfall data, digital elevation model (DEM), land use map were used to generate the RUSLE parameters, namely rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), slope length and steepness factor (LS), cover-management factor (C), and support practices factor (P). Erosion hazard is classified into five classes, namely very low, low, medium, high, and very high. On the basis of the results, at the Dolago watershed, very high erosion hazard was found in dryland of 577.95 t/ha/yr. Meanwhile, very low erosion hazard was found in the rice field of 2.22 t/ha/yr. The results help in planning and implementing soil and water conservation, both vegetatively and mechanically, to minimize the damage to watershed ecosystems. Validation and testing of the RUSLE model should be carried out in future studies because this is a strategic step to develop modeling of sediment yields effectively in an effort to mitigate major land damage in watersheds.

Water erosion on marl slopes and prevention of its effects using conservation of water and soil systems in the Wadi Isser watershed – Algeria

Zobiri M., Mazour M., Morsli B.

Journal of Water and Land Development

2018

no. 37

161--169

Water erosion remains a major concern on the marly slopes. Where erosive processes continue to increase and continue to pose serious problems and where knowledge is still insufficient on erodibility and its evolution and on solutions to soil erosion problems. The aim of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the functioning of soils on marl substrate in relation to erosion and to evaluate the effectiveness of the anti-erosion measures used in this type of environment. The Isser watershed, where several anti-erosion techniques were used, is the subject of this study. The analysis of the anti-erosion installations shows that most of the developments have been made according to standards and have worked well. But their effectiveness is different from one technique to another. The earthen thresholds seem to be the most suitable and the most effective. The effectiveness of earthen structures is summed up in stability, durability, cost-effectiveness, sediment storage, flood plating and water storage for a significant length of time, and had a positive impact on reducing erosion and the silting rate of the dam. The gabion thresholds also have a better stability and a good seating, but they are very sensitive and can undergo damage that reduces their effectiveness with regard to erosion. Dry stone thresholds are the least desirable and are often inadequate and inefficient in this type of terrain. A purely mechanical and/or biological vision in this type of environment is however insufficient, the mechanical arrangements associated with the biological developments are more effective.

Erozja wodna jest głównym problemem na stokach skał marglowych. Tam właśnie procesy erozyjne nasilają się i stwarzają poważne problemy, a wiedza na temat erozyjności i możliwych rozwiązań w odniesieniu do erozji gleb jest nadal niewystarczająca. Celem tej pracy była próba określenia podatności gleb na podłożu marglowym na erozję i ocena skuteczności działań przeciwerozyjnych stosowanych w takim środowisku. Obiektem badań była zlewnia Isser w Algierii, gdzie zastosowano kilka technik przeciwerozyjnych. Analiza instalacji przeciwerozyjnych wykazała, że większość z nich wykonano zgodnie z normami i działały one poprawnie. Ich efektywność była różna. Najbardziej odpowiednie i skuteczne okazały się stopnie ziemne. Efektywność ziemnych struktur ocenia się na podstawie stabilności, trwałości, kosztów, spłaszczania fali powodziowej i długiego przetrzymywania wody i osadów, co miało pozytywny wpływ na ograniczenie erozji i zamulanie zbiornika. Konstrukcje gabionowe odznaczały się stabilnością i dobrym posadowieniem, ale były bardzo wrażliwe i ulegały uszkodzeniom, co ograniczało ich skuteczność w przeciwdziałaniu erozji. Najmniej pożądane były konstrukcje kamienne, często nieodpowiednie i mało wydajne na takich terenach. Czysto mechaniczne lub biologiczne podejście do problemu jest niewystarczające, dopiero powiązanie mechanicznych rozwiązań z elementami biologicznymi może przynieść pożądany skutek.