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3 2019

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Code comprehension as a distributed construction of meanings

Cofta Piotr

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

2019

Vol. 68, nr 2

23--41

Code comprehension, a sub-domain of reverse engineering and software maintenance, does not provide useful explanation of common situations where developers, distributed and isolated from each other in time and space, come to a similar understanding of a code. This limits our ability to develop tools to support this popular aspect of code comprehension. This paper investigates this phenomenon from the perspective of sociology, intentionally distancing itself from the dominating psychological approach. The analysis, conducted mostly from the standpoint of social systems theory, highlights that as the construction of meanings is subjective, in the absence of any significant interactions, the dominant influence on the construction of meanings comes from current states of various social systems to which the developer belongs to. Thus, the similarity of meanings (hence a better comprehension of the code) can be achieved by understanding systems to which the developer belongs to and by coordinating their states.

Rozumienie kodu, istotna część inżynierii oprogramowania, jest obecnie badane głównie z pozycji psychologii, a w znacznie mniejszym stopniu z pozycji socjologii. Przypuszczalnie spowodowane jest to odczuciem, że dostępne teorie socjologiczne nie odnoszą się do problemów związanych z rozumieniem kodu. Ten artykuł argumentuje, że socjologiczna teoria systemów społecznych może znaleźć zastosowanie w badaniach nad rozumieniem kodu. Proponuje on skoncentrowanie się na formach systemów społecznych, które pozwalają na spójną rekonstrukcję znaczenia kodu. Artykuł ilustruje rozważania serią przypadków użycia, demonstrując, że rozumienie kodu jest i powinno być traktowane jako działanie społeczne, opisywalne odpowiednimi teoriami. Następnie skoncentrowano się na proponowanym wykorzystaniu teorii systemów społecznych, aby zakończyć omówieniem potencjalnych implikacji nowego podejścia na różne obszary badań.

Search for the memory duplicities in the Java applications using shallow and deep object comparison

Lipka Richard, Potuzak Tomas

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

2019

Vol. 18

781--789

In high-level object languages, such as Java, a problem of unnecessary duplicates of instances can easily appear. Although there can be a valid reason for maintaining several clones of the same data in the memory, often it indicates that the application can be refactored into a more efficient one. Unnecessary instances consume memory, but in case of Java applications can also have a significant impact on the application performance, as they might prolong the time needed for the garbage collection. In this paper, we are presenting a method and a tool that allows detecting duplicity in the heap dump of a Java application, based on the shallow and deep object comparison. The tool allows to identify the problematic instances in the memory and thus helps programmers to create a better application. On several case studies, we also demonstrate that the duplicates appear not only in the student projects and similar programs that often suffer from poor maintenance but also in commonly available Java tools and frameworks.

Malicious and harmless software in the domain of system utilities

Šťastná Jana

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

2019

Vol. 18

237--246

The focus of malware research is often directed on behaviour and features of malicious samples that stand out the most. However, our previous research led us to see that some features typical for malware may occur in harmless software as well. That finding guided us to direct more attention towards harmless samples and more detailed comparisons of malware and harmless software properties. To eliminate variables that may influence the results, we narrowed down our research study to specific software domain - system maintenance and utility tools. We analysed 100 malicious and 100 harmless samples from this domain and statistically evaluated how they differ regarding packing, program sections and their entropies, amount of code outside common sections and we also looked at differences in behaviour from the high-level view.