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2 2023

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Productivity of Winter Wheat (T. aestivum, T. durum, T. spelta) Depending on Varietal Characteristics in the Context of Climate Change

Korkhova Margaryta, Panfilova Antonina, Domaratskiy Yevhenii, Smirnova Iryna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 4

236--244

This article presents the results of studies of winter wheat species and varieties depending on the meteorological conditions of the research years. The purpose of the research is to determine the density of the productive stem, the mass of 1000 grains, the yield and quality of winter wheat grain, depending on the species and varietal composition. Methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2015/2016–2020/2021 yrs in the experimental field of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine). Agricultural techniques for growing winter wheat of various species were generally accepted for the southern steppe zone of Ukraine. Its predecessor was sown peas. Results. It was determined that a larger number of productive stems per unit area (467–853 pcs./m2) formed plants of the studied varieties of soft winter wheat, while the smallest (443–694 pcs./ m2) were plants of winter durum wheat varieties. The largest mass of grain from one ear (1.06–1.20 g) on average over the years of research was formed by plants of spelt wheat varieties, and the smallest was formed 0.96–1.01 g of soft wheat plants. It was found that a higher yield of soft winter wheat (6.03 t/ha) on average over the years of research was formed in the Vidrada variety, hard wheat (5.58 t/ha) was formed in the Bosphorus variety, spelt was formed 5.36 t/ha in the Europa variety. The highest grain yield (7.13 t/ha) among the species and varieties put for study was provided by the Vidrada variety (T. aestivum) in 2016 yr, which was 5.3% more than in the variety Shestopalivka (T. aestivum), 5.9% more than the Linkor variety (T. durum), by 7.0% than the Bosphorus variety (T. durum), by 12.5% than that of the Europa variety (T. spelta) and 43.5% more than the Zorya Ukrainy variety (T. spelta). It was determined that the largest mass fraction of protein in grain was provided by the spelt Zorya Ukrainy wheat variety as 19.2–25.6% depending on the year of research, while the smallest was provided as 11.0–14.2% by the Shestopalivka soft wheat variety. In the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine, to ensure a high grain yield (5.24–6.03 t/ha) with a high protein content (14.1–15.1%), it was recommended to sow the variety of soft winter wheat Vidrada, hard winter wheat as Linkor and spelt as Europe.

Performance of Soft Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Two Management Systems 'No-Till' and 'Conventional' in a Low Rainfall Semi-Arid Mediterranean Area of Morocco

El Mzouri Mohamed Amine, El Mzouri El Houssine, Karima Samir

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 8

172--180

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in farmers' fields under No-till farming compared to conventional farming with two management practices: 'Research recommended' vs 'Local farmers' practices. The study was conducted over a period of three cropping seasons in the Chaouia plain in Western Morocco, a Mediterranean semi-arid area with low rainfall. Trials were set up in a split-plot design with two factors: (1) management method (No-till vs. Conventional), and (2) practices (research recommended vs. Farmers' local practices), with four replications and were carried out at four farmers' fields (sites). Data collected included: stand density, canopy height, average number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. The results obtained show a significant effect of climatic years on the measured parameters. No-till system significantly improved yield components, canopy height, biological yield, and grain yield, particularly in dry years. No-till as practiced by farmers (C2) improved biological and grain yields, respectively, by 18 and 42% compared with farmers’ current local practices (C1). These gains were, respectively, 83% and 142%, for the research recommended package under No-till, those of the research recommended package under conventional management (without direct seeding), were 61% and 81% for the biological and the grain yields, respectively. The harvest index increased from 27% under the current conventional farmers’ local management (C1), to 31% with the research recommended package under the same management mode. Under No-till management, this index increased to 33% with local practices (C2) and 36% with the research recommended packages. No-till system can be a adaptative and resilient practice for wheat cultivation in the low rain fall semi-arid areas impacted by climate change, but farmers should consider the adoption of the whole No-till system, rather than limiting themselves solely to the zero-till seeder technique.