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Large-scale deformations in Neogene deposits near Dobrzyń on the Vistula (central Poland) – thrusting from N/NE or valley-side glaciotectonics in the Płock Basin?

Roman Małgorzata, Żuk Rafał

Studia Quaternaria

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2019

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Vol. 36, Nr 2

147--159

EN

The article is focused on the most recent investigations of glaciotectonic structures in high escarpment exposures of the Vistula valley from Dobrzyń to Kuzki in the western part of the Płock Basin. Deformations involve Neogene and occasionally the Lower Pleistocene deposits and they are not expressed as landforms. Structural investigations and analysis of archival geological data provided new information on the origin of large-scale shear structures. Results obtained are clearly contrary to the concept of Brykczyński (1982) regarding valley-side glaciotectonics in the Płock Basin. An emergence of the extensive zone of serial thrust structures of significant amplitude (up to 100–150 m) was found to have not been controlled by a palaeovalley. A driving mechanism is interpreted as a gravity spreading in front of ice sheets advancing from north-northeast during the South Polish Complex (Dorst-Elsterian).

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Surface and subsurface reworking by storms on a Cambrian carbonate platform: evidence from limestone breccias and conglomerates

Chen J.

Geologos

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 1

13--23

EN

Some limestone breccias and conglomerates from the Furongian (Late Cambrian) Chaomidian Formation (Shandong Province, China) were investigated in order to understand the depositional and deformational processes induced by storms. The sediments under study occur in a hummocky cross-stratified peloidal grainstone layer. The limestone conglomerates consist of well-rounded clasts that are mostly flat-lying or imbricated, and have erosional bases. They formed by surface reworking (erosion and rip-up) of thin-bedded grainstones by storm waves and currents. The limestone breccias consist of subangular to subrounded clasts of grainstone, which are often associated with small-scale grainstone clastic dykes. The breccias and dykes resulted from subsurface soft-sediment deformation (i.e., differential liquefaction and fluidization of heterogeneously cemented carbonate grains), most likely triggered by storm-wave loading. The limestone breccias and conglomerates bear important implications for understanding the reworking mechanisms of storms on ancient carbonate platforms.

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Soft-sediment deformation structures in siliciclastic sediments: an overview

Loon A. J.

Geologos

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2009

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Vol. 15, No. 1

3--55

EN

Deformations formed in unconsolidated sediments are known as soft-sediment deformation structures. Their nature, the time of their genesis, and the state in which the sediments occured during the formation of soft-sediment deformation structures are responsible for controversies regarding the character of these deformations. A definition for soft sediment deformation structures in siliciclastic sediments is therefore proposed. A wide variety of soft-sediment deformations in sediments, with emphasis on deformations in siliciclastic sediments studied by the present author, are described. Their genesis can be understood only if their sedimentary context is considered, so that attention is also paid to the various deformational processes, which are subdivided here into (1) endogenic processes resulting in endoturbations; (2) gravity-dominated processes resulting in graviturbations, which can be subdivided further into (2a) astroturbations, (2b) praecipiturbations, (2c) instabiloturbations, (2d) compagoturbations and (2e) inclinaturbations; and (3) exogenic processes resulting in exoturbations, which can be further subdivided into (3a) bioturbations - with subcategories (3a’) phytoturbations, (3a’’) zooturbations and (3a’’’) anthropoturbations - (3b) glaciturbations, (3c) thermoturbations, (3d) hydroturbations, (3e) chemoturbations, and (3f) eoloturbations. This subdivision forms the basis for a new approach towards their classification. It is found that detailed analysis of soft-sediment deformations can increase the insight into aspects that are of importance for applied earth-scientific research, and that many more underlying data of purely scientific interest can, in specific cases, be derived from them than previously assumed. A first assessment of aspects that make soft-sediment deformation structures in clastic sediments relevant for the earth sciences, is therefore provided.

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Glaciotectonic deformation patterns in Estonia

Rattas M., Kalm V.

Geological Quarterly

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2004

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Vol. 48, No 1

15-22

EN

Field and archival data have been used in compiling the Glaciotectonic Map of Estonia. Two principal types of glaciotectonic deformations shown on this are discussed here: dislocations of rigid bedrock, and soft bed deformations associated with unconsolidated drift masses. Most bedrock disturbances occur in the narrow zone south of the Baltic Klint and in the tectonically crushed zone where the fractured bedrock was easy to break, displace and deform by the moving glacier. Some of the bedrock dislocations are related to ice-marginal deposits of the Late Weichselian Glaciation (Palivere and Pandivere Phases). Most subglacial deformations of soft sediments are simple in style, namely: shear and ductile deformations within a thin layer. The spatial organisation and efficiency of drainage beneath the local ice streams determined the deformational behaviour of sediments at the ice/bed interface. Ice-marginal deposits of the Late Weichselian deglaciation have not been subjected to large-scale compressive deformation. This suggests that most marginal deposits were formed as the result of brief standstills of the ice margin which caused sediment deformation either at the ice margin or beneath the ice sole.