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Role of ammonium phosphate in improving the physical characteristics of malachite sulfidation flotation

Ibrahim Ayman M., Jia Xiaodong, Cai Jinpeng, Su Chao, Yu Xingcai, Zheng Qifang, Peng Rong, Shen Peilun, Liu Dianwen

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

2023

Vol. 59, iss. 1

art. no. 161510

In this study, ammonium phosphate ((NH4)3PO4) was employed to realize improvement by modifying the physical characteristics of the malachite surface, ensuring sustainable flotation throughout the flotation operations, and enhancing the flotation process to be more stable. Furthermore, various techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were intensely used to investigate the configuration and physico-chemical surface characteristics through micro-flotation experiments, contact angle and zeta potential measurements, and XRD, ToF-SIMS, EPMA, and FTIR spectrum analyses. The FTIR findings showed that new characteristic peaks of -C(=S)-N.H. groups formed and adsorbed on the surfaces of malachite at 1636 cm-1. The -CH2 groups throughout the flotation process, further promoted the attachment of the CH3 ligand to the Cu2+ ion, and the XPS analysis confirmed this. Consequently, it can be concluded that (NH4)3PO4 played a substantial part in the improved recovery rate, as demonstrated and confirmed by the methods carried out in this study. Thus, it was used to modify the physical properties surface before adding Na2S to efficiently enhance malachite floatability and reduce the loss rate of malachite. Regarding the alterations in the physical characteristics which occurred to the malachite surface, and as a consequence of increasing the recovery results of flotation, the malachite sample treated initially with (NH4)3PO4 exhibited micro flotation results with a considerably greater flotation recovery than malachite treated initially with only Na2S ions.

Enhancing flotation of smithsonite by using 1,3,5-Triazinane-2,4,6-trithione as sulfidation

He Kunzhong, Zhou Hepeng, Zhang Yongbing, Tang Xuekun, Luo Xianping, Han Haisheng

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

2021

Vol. 57, iss. 5

1--14

1,3,5-Triazinane-2,4,6-trithione (TMT) was used for the first time as a sulfidation agent in the flotation of smithsonite. Results showed that 80.5% recovery rate could be obtained in the presence of TMT (5 × 10-5 mol/L) and butyl xanthate (5 × 10-4 mol/L). However, the recovery rate was only 59.4% when sodium sulfide (5 × 10-5 mol/L) was used. Micro-flotation test and contact angle measurement showed that TMT activation was better than sodium sulfide activation. Besides, the contact angle increased from 32.44° (untreated) to 89.58° (treated with TMT), which was significantly higher than 50.2° (treated with sodium sulfide). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Zeta potential test showed the chemisorption of TMT on the smithsonite surface. The results of ICP spectral detection and solution chemistry calculation revealed that Zn3TMT complex precipitates in the smithsonite pulp were formed on the mineral surface at pH 6.5. A hydrophobic film was also formed on the mineral surface after TMT treatment, and more adsorption sites were provided for butyl xanthate. Thus, the adsorption of collector was significantly enhanced.