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Alkaline sulphite pulping of Caucasian spruce (Picea orientalis L.) chips with additions of NaBH4 and Ethanol

Erişir E., Gümüşkaya E., Kirci H., Misir N.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2015

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vol. 58, nr 194

89--102

EN

The study determined and compared the yield, viscosity, and chemical and physical properties of the pulps obtained as a result of Alkaline Sulfite–Anthraquinone (AS-AQ) pulping of Caucasian spruce wood with and without the addition of sodium borohydride (ASAB process) and ethanol (ASAE). It was found that the addition of ethanol to the AS-AQ pulping had a favourable influence on the screened yield and kappa number of the pulps. The addition of NaBH4 to the AS-AQ pulping in general also had a favourable influence on these pulps’ indices, provided that the amount added was not higher than 1–2% and the time of pulping was 180 mins. The higher yield of the ASAE pulps resulted from the higher retention of both cellulose and hemicelluloses, while the higher yield of ASAB pulps resulted from the higher retention of hemicelluloses and lignin. Regarding the AS-AQ pulping conditions, a distinct negative effect of modification on the viscosity of the pulps was observed in the case of the NaBH4 a additions to this pulping process. The viscosity reduction was, however, lower with extended pulping time. The static strength properties (tensile index and burst index) of the ASAB and ASAE pulps were in general lower than the AS-AQ pulps. In the case of the tear index, the tendency was similar. The addition of ethanol and especially NaBH4 to the AS-AQ pulping had a distinctly unfavourable influence on the whiteness and brightness of the pulps.

2

The Dehydrogenation Process of Destabilized NaBH4-MgH2 Solid State Hydrie Composites

Czujko T., Varin R. A., Zarański Z., Wroński Z. S.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2010

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Vol. 55, iss. 2

539-552

EN

The composite behaviour of sodium borohydride – magnesium hydride mixtures was investigated. Mutual influence of both hydrides on their decomposition process was studied. The (NaBH4+MgH2) composite hydride system was synthesized in a wide range of compositions by controlled mechanical (ball) milling in a magneto-mill. In effect, nanocomposites having nanometric grain sizes of the constituent phases residing within micrometric-sized particles were produced. The dehydrogenation process of obtained composites was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) method. It is shown that the hydrogen desorption temperature of the composite constituent with the higher desorption temperature in the (NaBH4+MgH2) system substantially decreases linearly with increasing volume fraction of the constituent having lower desorption temperature which is similar behavior to well-known composite Rule-of-Mixtures (ROM) for structural composites. It is also shown that in the (NaBH4+MgH2) composite the constituents such as MgH2 and NaBH4 decompose separately and destabilization of the composite constituent with a higher desorption temperature is unrelated to the formation of MgB2 intermetallic phase. Therefore, the improved dehydrogenation properties for NaBH4 is likely due to the presence of nanostructured metallic Mg which acts as a catalyst. It is also shown that, most likely, the NaBH4 constituent act as a catalyst for the accelerated decomposition of MgH2.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zachowań kompozytowch mieszaniny borowodorek sodu – wodorek magnezu, gdzie ocenie poddano wzajemne oddziaływanie obu wodorków na ich proces dekompozycji. Układ kompozytów wodorkowych (NaBH4+MgH2) syntetyzowany był w szerokim zakresie składów, poprzez kontrolowane mielenie mechaniczne (kulowe), w młynku magnetycznym. W efekcie powyższego procesu wytworzono nanokompozyty, których składniki fazowe posiadają ziarna o nanometrycznej wielkości, wystepujące w mikrometrycznych cząstkach. Proces odwodorowania uzyskanych kompozytów badano z wykorzystaniem metody kalorymetrycznej DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Wykazano, że temperatura desorbcji wodoru składnika kompozytu o wyższej temperaturze dekompozycji w układzie (NaBH4+MgH2) istotnie obniża się liniowo wraz ze wzrostem udziału objętościowego składnika o niższej temperaturze dekompozycji, zachowując się w sposób podobny do obowiazującej dla kompozytów strukturalnych reguły mieszanin ROM (Rule-of-Mixtures). Wykazano ponadto, iż w kompozycie (NaBH4+MgH2) jego składniki, MgH2 i NaBH4, dekomponuja oddzielnie i destabilizacja składnika o wyższej temperaturze desorbcji nie jest związana z powstawaniem fazy międzymetalicznej MgB2. Stąd też poprawa właściwości do odwodorowania NaBH4 jest prawdopodobnie spowodowana obecnoącią nanostrukturalnego, metalicznego Mg, który działa katalitycznie. Dodatkowo wykazano, że NaBH4 najprawdopodobniej działa katalitycznie na przyspieszenie dekompozycji MgH2.

3

The Attempts of the Cyano Group Reduction in 1-Cyanoethyl 5-Substituted Uracil Derivatives

Boncel S., Walczak K.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2007

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Vol. 81, nr 12

2151-2156

EN

A variety of reductants for the reduction of 1-cyanoethyl-5-substituted uracil derivatives has been examined. Commonly used reductants, borane dimethyl sulphide complex, ammonium formate and sodium borohydride were applied. For the most investigated 5-substituted uracil derivatives the reduction with sodium borohydride has shown the highest effifiency when nickel(II) chloride as a catalyst has been applied. The reactions were performed in methanol at decreased temperature in the presence of di-tert-butyl carbonate as a "trapping" agent. The Boc-protected 1-(3-aminopropyl)pyrimidine- 2,4(1H,3H)- diones were synthesized in moderate to high yields.