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"Surviving and growing up with illegal status": the analysis of socio-economic household, potential conflict, the environmental damage, and vulnerability of local community to disaster

Syahnur Sofyan, Diantimala Yossi

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2021

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Vol. 20, iss. 3

157--177

EN

This study aims to analyze, from social-economics and environmental perspectives, how illegal gold mining survives and grows with its illegal status. Generally, illegal mining has a positive impact on the socio-economy of all parties involved. However, mining activities cause environmental damage and pollution so that the local community is vulnerable to disaster and potential conflict. This research was conducted at an illegal mining site in Aceh, the western province of Indonesia. To describe the primary data, it employs a descriptive qualitative method. The purposive sampling method is used to select key informants. The results show an increasing income of all stakeholders involved. To minimize environmental damage and pollution, illegal mining uses a very simple - but very environmentally friendly-tool, „Asbhuk”, which does not harm the sustainability of the natural environment, especially the use of wells and mountain springs. Nevertheless, natural disasters often occur in the mining area, such as overflowing rivers and landslides caused by heavy rainfall. It is a negative impact from changes in the structure of mining land, forest encroachment, and the expansion of the river. There is no significant conflict between direct and indirect parties engaged in illegal mining activities. The direct parties desire this mining activity to be conducted by artisanal and small groups.

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Public Awareness and Perception of Socio-Economic Characteristic and Biogas in Gwagwalada Town Abuja, Nigeria

Onyekwulu Millicent Chekwube, Ejaro Sunday Peter, Oguche Christopher Joseph, Diyoke Micheal Chika, Gwani Samuel, Jibo Magayaki Jamilu

Energy Policy Studies

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2020

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No. 1 (5)

26--47

EN

Energy is one of the three most fundamental necessities for sustainable development. The consistently expanding interest for energy to meets domestic requirement and the absence of environment friendly alternatives have devastating effect on the environment. Many studies have shown the importance of renewable energy sources that can militates against the negative consequences of using fuels that have an adverse effect on the environment; these include fuel-wood/charcoal which are commonly utilized in a majority of house-holds. Thus this study was conceived to evaluate the socio economic feature and biogas awareness and perception in Gwagwalada town, Abuja. The methodology includes selection and analysis of administered questionnaires to selected study samples via a descriptive statistics method. The study reveals that more than half (60.0%) of the respondents have not heard about the biogas technology, while 40.0% have heard about the technology due to their age, sex, income level and educational experience.

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Impact study of Beni-Haroun dam on the environmental and socio-economic elements in Kébir-Rhumel basin, Algeria

Marouf Nadir, Remini Boualem

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2019

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no. 43

120--132

EN

Surface water of Kébir Rhumel basin is indispensable for domestic and industrial needs of this region. Industrial development, with water excessive use and chemical products, in production and industrial treatment, and not sustainable fertilizers in agriculture, constitutes a serious threat to maintain our resources of good water quality. The majority of domestic and industrial wastewaters of the region, discharged to the stream water of Kébir Rhumel basin, promote the water enrichment in nutritious elements, phosphorus and nitrogen and particularly, the resulting increase in the aquatic primary production, mainly the planktonic or benthic algae. As a result, the physical and chemical properties of water deteriorate. This basin allows construction of the largest dam in Algeria “Beni-Haroun dam”. The infrastructure that was one of the greatest challenges of Algeria is now a reality. Hydraulic complex of Beni-Haroun remains a strategic and major achievement in the development program of water resources sector. This enormous building was constructed in the territory of the Wilaya (province) of Mila, used to meet water needs, with four million inhabitants, of eastern Algeria and other neighbouring regions that have suffered from lack of water consumption, especially in summer. In addition, it will irrigate over 42 000 ha, going thus to the several plains. Integration of sociological and environmental concerns into dams design is a recent phenomenon. It is considered at the impact study level, during which the dam study project is accompanied by a survey to assess project impact on natural environment and socioeconomic development.

PL

Wody powierzchniowe na terenie basenu Kébir-Rhumel są niezbędne do zaspokojenia domowych i przemysłowych potrzeb regionu. Rozwój przemysłowy z jego nadmiernym zużyciem wody i substancji chemicznych w procesie produkcji i przetwarzania oraz niezrównoważone stosowanie nawozów w rolnictwie stwarzają poważne zagrożenie dla jakości wody. Większość domowych i przemysłowych ścieków z regionu jest odprowadzana do wód płynących basenu Kébir-Rhumel, powodując ich wzbogacenie w pierwiastki biogenne (fosfor i azot), co skutkuje zwiększoną produkcją pierwotną głównie planktonowych i osiadłych glonów. W wyniku tego pogarsza się jakość wody. Układ basenu umożliwił zbudowanie największej zapory w Algierii – zapory Beni-Haroun. Ten obiekt infrastruktury wodnej, będący jednym z największych wyzwań Algierii, stał się rzeczywistością. Kompleks wodny Beni-Haroun jest strategiczym i głównym osiągnięciem programu rozwoju zasobów wodnych. Ta ogromna budowla umieszczona w prowincji Mila zaspokaja potrzeby 4 mln mieszkańców wschodniej Algierii i sąsiadujących regionów, które cierpiały na brak wody pitnej, szczególnie latem. Ponadto wodą ze zbiornika będzie się nawadniać 42 000 ha na kilku równinach. Zagadnieniem ostatnio branym pod uwagę podczas projektowania zapór jest integrowanie problemów społecznych i środowiskowych. Te problemy są rozważane na etapie oceny oddziaływania na środowisko, w którym projektowaniu zapory towarzyszy analiza wpływu projektu na środowisko naturalne i rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy.

4

Innovative Solutions for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Jordan

Dawoud Farah, Jbour Abeer, Al-Salaymeh Ahmed, Qoaider Louy, Fink Thomas

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

201--216

EN

The aim of this paper is to specify people’s awareness, acceptance and needs for the Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy efficiency (EE) innovations in Jordan. This took place after having studied the most influential innovations on RE and EE in Germany, Spain and Turkey. Then, two suitable innovations were selected; in particular, PV mobile charger and sodium light unit regulator. Our research was based on the analysis of qualitative interviews and a questionnaire. The results showed that (53%) are willing to buy PV mobile charger depending on its life cycle and efficiency even if it is expensive. About (89%) of respondents realized that it is important to develop and support the EE innovative solution of using sodium regulator in lighting the streets by the municipalities, and about (49%) would like to take practical steps for the RE and EE developments if they could. The results also show that all respondents are willing to pay extra cost to obtain green energy; (20%) want the cheapest possible solution in this regard. The study results indicate that Jordanian people do expect more from the public sector about renewable energy production; whereas a large percentage (63%) thinks that public sector should take the first step towards renewable energy production. The acceptance and awareness of the society on RE and EE innovations is one of the most important drivers towards the transition to RE and EE in Jordan.

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System e-środowiska dla zrównoważenia społeczno-ekonomicznego i bezpieczeństwa narodowego

Okewu Emmanuel, Misra Sanjay, Sanz Luis Fernandez, Maskeliūnas Rytis, Damaševičius Robertas

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2018

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Vol. 13, nr 1

121--132

EN

Though there are adequate institutional frameworks and legal instruments for the protection of the Sub-Saharan African environment, their impact on the development and conservation (protection) of the environment leaves much to be desired. This assertion is substantiated by the reality that inspite of these regulatory frameworks, the environment is largely degraded with negative ramifications for the twin goals of attaining sustainable socio-economic advancement and realization of environmental rights. Both national and regional state of environment (SoE) reports show that degradation is apparent. It is worthy of mention that almost all African countries have ratified and domesticated the various regional and subregional environmental agreement. Efforts to solve the puzzle have revealed that corruption and environmental degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa are closely linked. Financial impropriety in ecological funds management, poorly equipped environmental protection institutions, and inadequate citizens' environmental management awareness campaigns are outcomes of corruption in the public sector. Since corruption thrives in the absence of transparency and accountability, this study proposes a cutting-edge technology-based solution that promotes participatory environmental accountability using an e-Environment system. The web-based multi-tier e-Environment system will empower both citizens and government officials to deliberate online real-time on environmental policies, programmes and projects to be embarked upon. Both parties will equally put forward proposals on the use of tax payers money in the environment sector while monitoring discrepancies between amount budgeted, amount released and actual amount spent. We applied design and software engineering skills to actualize the proposed solution. Using Nigeria as case study, our research methodology comprised literature review, requirements gathering, design of proposed solution using universal modelling language (UML) and development/implementation on the Microsoft SharePoint platform. In view of our determination to evolve a zero-defect software, we applied Cleanroom Software Engineering techniques. The outcome obtained so far has proved that the model supports our expectations. The system is not only practical, but ecologically sound. It is anticipated that the full-scale implementation of such an enterprise e-Environment system will decrease the current tide of corruption in the environment sector, mitigate environmental degradation and by extension, reduce social-economic tensions and guarantee national security.

PL

Chociaż w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej istnieją odpowiednie ramy instytucjonalne i instrumenty prawne dla ochrony środowiska, ich wpływ na zachowanie (ochronę) środowiska naturalnego pozostawia wiele do życzenia. Pomimo istniejących ram regulacyjnych, środowisko jest tu w dużej mierze zdegradowane, co negatywnie wpływa na możliwość osiągnięcia podwójnego celu: osiągnięcia zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego i ochrony środowiska. Zarówno krajowe, jak i regionalne raporty o stanie środowiska (SoE) pokazują, że degradacja ma miejsce. Warto wspomnieć, że prawie wszystkie kraje afrykańskie ratyfikowały i wprowadziły różne regionalne i subregionalne porozumienia dotyczące ochrony środowiska. Próby zmierzające do uporządkowania sytuacji pokazały, że korupcja i degradacja środowiska w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej są ze sobą ściśle powiązane. Niepewność finansowa odnosząca się do zarządzania funduszami ekologicznymi, słabo wyposażone instytucje ochrony środowiska oraz nieodpowiednie kampanie informacyjne na temat zarządzania środowiskiem w zakresie ochrony środowiska są wynikiem korupcji w sektorze publicznym. Ponieważ z braku przejrzystości i odpowiedzialności korupcja kwitnie, niniejsze badanie proponuje nowoczesne rozwiązanie, które promuje partycypacyjną odpowiedzialność za środowisko z wykorzystaniem e-Środowiska. Wielowarstwowy system e-Środowiska, oparty na Internecie, umożliwi zarówno obywatelom, jak i urzędnikom państwowym, dyskusję w czasie rzeczywistym odnoszącą się do polityki dotyczącej ochrony środowiska, a także wszelkich przygotowywanych programów i projektów. Obie strony będą również wysuwać propozycje dotyczące wykorzystania pieniędzy podatników w sektorze środowiskowym, przy jednoczesnym monitorowaniu rozbieżności między kwotą przewidzianą w budżecie, a faktyczną wydaną. Zastosowaliśmy umiejętności projektowe i programistyczne, aby zaktualizować proponowane rozwiązanie. Wykorzystując studium przypadku w Nigerii, nasza metodologia badań obejmowała przegląd literatury, określenie wymagań, projektowanie proponowanego rozwiązania z wykorzystaniem uniwersalnego języka modelowania (UML) oraz opracowanie / wdrożenie realizowane na platformie Microsoft SharePoint. W związku z naszą determinacją odnoszącą się do opracowania w pełni funkcjonalnego oprogramowania, zastosowaliśmy techniki Cleanroom Software Engineering. Uzyskane wyniki dowiodły, że model ten spełnia nasze oczekiwania. System jest nie tylko praktyczny, ale także ekologiczny. Przewiduje się, że pełne wdrożenie takiego systemu e-Środowiska w przedsiębiorstwie doprowadzi do zmniejszenia obecnej fali korupcji w sektorze środowiskowym, zmniejszy degradację środowiska, a poprzez to zmniejszy napięcia społeczno-gospodarcze i zapewni bezpieczeństwo narodowe.

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Value engineering applications for managing sustainable intermodal transportation infrastructure assets

Uddin W.

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2013

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Vol. 4, No. 1

74-84

EN

Frequent gridlocks and traffic jams during the periods of rush hours can result in long user delays and more vehicle emissions causing continuous degradation of air quality. The builtinfrastructure of densely populated cities and intercity travel by passenger and freight traffic lead to significant adverse impacts of traffic congestion on air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming. Transportation contributes 28% of energy related greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. This paper shows that traffic related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are higher per capita for several rural and smaller cities compared to large urban areas in the United States. Inadequate use of mass transit, urban sprawl, construction of more roads and traditional stop-controlled intersections, and addition of more lanes to increase traffic capacity and ease congestion, are primary causes of significant vehicle emission inventory of CO2 and air quality degradation. It is shown that sustainable traffic management policies, such as reduction of work-related travel by cars and more use of mass transit modes, can decrease CO2 emissions. Case studies of value engineering applications are presented to select cost-effective less polluting mass transport strategies based on economic evaluation of life cycle costs and benefits.

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Problemy jakości życia w nowych zespołach zabudowy mieszkaniowej - wybrane przykłady

Kobylarczyk J.

Prace Naukowe Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Architektura Mieszkaniowa

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2011

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Vol. 9, nr 7

130-137

EN

Numerous factors - both material and immaterial and spatial, determining man's mental wellbeing -have an impact on the quality of life. From among the most important determinants of the comfort of living beyond economic goods, we must enumerate the following factors: ecological and social ones deciding about satisfaction with the living conditions, sanitary ones influencing the psychophysical condition, and those which support the accessibility of services and green spaces. Research done by A. Zborowski proves that the psychological factor (subjective sensations of content or discontent) has an impact on the degree of satisfaction and an ecological and social dimension related to satisfaction with the living conditions, a place of residence and neighborly relationships which conditions the comfort of health, too. All the above-mentioned factors are elements of sustainable development which shapes harmonious, human-friendly surroundings. This paper presents two residential complexes in Rotterdam and the Titenkollegiert Campus in Copenhagen implemented in the spirit of sustainable architecture. The objects are surrounded by greenery in the vicinity of a social space. They were constructed using local natural materials (stone, wood). The location of the campus renders primary and secondary services as well as public transport (the nearness of a commuter train) available. Moreover, the complex is equipped with a bi-level garage for bicycles.