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Theoretical models of PV-EC windows based on the architectural analysis of PV-EC technologies

Marchwiński Janusz

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

2022

Vol. 15, no. 2

95-107

The paper provides an architectural analysis of the switchable PV-EC glazing technology based on combining photovoltaic (PV) technology with electrochromic (EC) glazing. The integration of these technologies is considered to constitute future-oriented façade solutions in shaping buildings that are energy-saving and environmentally friendly. The paper aims to define theoretical models of windows using PV-EC technology as solutions adequate from the architectural point of view. To achieve this goal, a comparative analysis of three PV-EC technologies was conducted, i.e., side-by-side (SBS) technology and tandem technologies, namely tandem solid technology (TST) and tandem liquid technology (TLT). The analysis covered functional aspects related to such issues as thermal and visual comfort, energy and aesthetics. The analysis led to extracting the features of the three compared technologies; consequently, their strengths and weaknesses were determined. As a result, seven window models were developed which, based on the above analysis and the insights derived from it, were recognized as the solutions in which the potential of PV and EC technology is best used. The dominant advantages of SBS, being the most developed technology and one with the greatest flexibility in construction applications, are indicated. The research is of a contributory nature, as it constitutes the basis for further numerical and simulation research. Such studies may prove useful to architects in making design decisions, especially at the initial design stages. However, at the current stage of technological development, the study mainly serves as an introduction to further research on improving the PV-EC properties towards integration with the building and its architecture.

Study of electrochromic (EC) and gasochromic (GC) glazing for buildings in aspect of energy efficiency

Marchwiński Janusz

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

2021

Vol. 14, no. 3

27--38

The paper analyzes the impact of switchable glazing: electrochromic (EC) and gasochromic (GC) on the energy efficiency of the building. Using the analytical and comparative method, the energy-relevant EC and GC glazing features were defined. Secondly, experimental studies on the energy-saving role of EC and GC glazing in various climatic zones were analyzed. The paper aims to define this role. The analyzes were referred to the thermal and lighting aspects. Comparisons were made between the EC and GC technologies, as well as with traditional - “static” types of glazing. The analysis showed differences in the technical characteristics of both technologies. Despite the differences, the results prove a beneficial effect of EC and GC glazing on the reduction of usable energy consumption in the building. The impact is most significant in terms of relieving the cooling and air conditioning systems. In this field, EC glazing was determined a more favorable technology. Further detailed research is required, focusing mainly on the lighting aspect for moderate and cold climate zones. The research was summarized with a collective evaluation of the energy-related role of EC and GC glazing.