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Personalisation of production in the era of Industry 4.0 as a challenge for inventory management in small and medium-sized production enterprises

Grabowska Sandra

Operations Research and Decisions

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2020

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Vol. 30, No. 2

29--37

EN

Industry 4.0 is the result of the development of cyber-physical generation systems as a part of the fourth industrial revolution. Industry 4.0 sets new areas for change in the sphere of production and management but also influences various aspects of society. Industry 4.0 is focused on continuous improvement of production processes. This is a turnaround in the production control methodology, as the growing expectations of customers in the modern market cause, along with the increase in production efficiency, customisation of the product. In this trend, the customer decides about the product, personalising it as much as possible and in the best possible way. These are new challenges in the field of inventory management. The article aims to present a method of calculating the optimal amount of the cost of a rotating stock in a production enterprise with an unevenly distributed demand, which is the case with personalised orders.

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How do companies envisage the future? Functional foresight approaches

Kononiuk A., Sacio-Szymańska A., Gáspár J.

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2017

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Vol. 9, no. 4

21--33

EN

The main aim of the paper is to present the synthesis of the results of methodological analysis conducted on examples of foresight projects executed in chosen companies representing four companies type: small and medium-sized enterprise (SME), nonprofit-organization, international corporations and consulting companies as well as to posit functional approach for the implementation of foresight research within organizations. The empirical part of the study is based on the qualitative approach. A multiple case study methodology is employed. The research objects are sixteen companies experienced in foresight research. The first part of the paper gives an overview of definitions of corporate foresight and the analysis of background that have influence on the conducting of foresight in large multinational companies on one side and SMEs on the other side. In the field of the theory of foresight research, the study demonstrates that there are different motivations for foresight introduction as well as different organizational structure of teams conducting the activities and the approaches that they use. In the practical perspective, the study and a detailed functional foresight approach proposed by authors could be valuable for SMEs who consider implementing foresight research into their strategic planning processes.

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Facilitators and barriers to occupational health and safety in small and medium-sized enterprises: a descriptive exploratory study in Ontario, Canada

Nowrouzi B., Gohar B., Nowrouzi-Kia B., Garbaczewska M., Chapovalov O., Myette-Cote E., Carter L.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 3

360--366

EN

Purpose. The purpose of this particular study was to test a newly created instrument in describing the facilitators and barriers to occupational health and safety in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ontario, Canada. Methods. A cross-sectional design was used to identify the occupational health and safety culture of SMEs in public and private sectors in Ontario. Results. A total of 153 questionnaires were completed. The majority of respondents were female (84%) with a mean age of 49.8 years (SD 10.6). Seventy-four percent were supervisors. Seventy percent of respondents were from the private sector while 30% derived from the public sector including healthcare, community services, and non-profit organizations. Further, conducting regular external safety inspections of the workplace was found to be statistically associated with a safe work environment 2.88 95% CI [1.57, 5.27]. Conclusions. Strategies and training opportunities that focus on how to adapt occupational health and safety legislation to the nature and diversity of SMEs are recommended. Furthermore, employers may use such information to improve safety in their SMEs, while researchers can hopefully use such evidence to develop interventions that are applicable to meeting the occupational health and safety needs of SMEs.

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Wsparcie rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw przez instytucje otoczenia biznesu na przykładzie usługodawców logistycznych w województwie łódzkim

Lisowska R.

Ekonomia i Zarządzanie

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2014

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Vol. 6, no. 2

11--22

PL

Na rozwój małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw ma wpływ wiele czynników o różnym charakterze. Należą do nich czynniki zewnętrzne, pochodzące z szeroko rozumianego otoczenia (makrootoczenia, mezootoczenia i mikrootoczenia), jak również czynniki wewnętrzne (związane z osobą właściciela i odnoszące się do charakterystyki przedsiębiorstwa), określające możliwości, jakimi dysponuje przedsiębiorstwo. Mogą być one stymulatorami lub barierami rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw. Gdy stają się barierami, szczególnie zasadna wydaje się polityka wsparcia tego sektora ze strony instytucji otoczenia biznesu. Jednak, jak wskazują liczne badania, działania tych instytucji są niewystarczające. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest identyfikacja i ocena wsparcia rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw przez instytucje otoczenia biznesu w województwie łódzkim na przykładzie usługodawców logistycznych.

EN

The development of small and medium-sized enterprises is influenced by many factors of a different nature. These include external factors derived from the environment (macro-, meso- and micro-environment), as well as internal factors (related to the person of the owner and referring to the characteristics of the enterprise) that determine capabilities of the given company. These factors can be stimulants or barriers to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In particular when they become barriers, a policy of support for this sector provided by business environment institutions seems to be justified. However, as indicated by numerous studies, activities undertaken by these institutions are insufficient. The aim of this paper is the identification and evaluation of support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises provided by business environment institutions in the Lodz region, illustrated with the example of logistics service providers.

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Open innovation wśród małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw jako instrument kształtowania przewagi konkurencyjnej

Stanisławski R.

Ekonomia i Zarządzanie

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2014

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Vol. 6, no. 2

169--184

PL

Koncepcja otwartych innowacji staje się warunkiem kształtowania przewagi konkurencyjnej. Wynika to z faktu, że tylko wzajemna współpraca przedsiębiorstw w otoczeniu zapewnia transfer wiedzy i właściwy rozwój oparty na nowych technologiach i innowacyjnych rozwiązaniach. Dotyczy to szczególnie małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MSP), gdyż ograniczone ich zasoby nie pozwalają na prowadzenie własnej działalności B+R. Konieczność stosowania koncepcji otwartych innowacji wynika również z innych przyczyn między innymi dynamiki otoczenia i zmian upodobań klientów, czy też zbyt dużych kosztów związanych z utrzymaniem posiadanej wiedzy tylko i wyłącznie do dyspozycji jednego podmiotu na rynku. Stąd też celem tego krótkiego opracowania jest dokonane oceny wzajemnych relacji pomiędzy otwartością na innowacje (open innovation) a konkurencyjnością małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce na podstawie badań własnych realizowanych w ramach projektu naukowego OPUS finansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki.

EN

The concept of open innovation is an essential condition of a competitive advantage creation. Only the mutual cooperation between enterprises in the environment is able to create competitive advantage by transfer of their knowledge and development based on new technologies and innovative solutions. This thesis is applied particularly to SMEs, because their resources are limited to run own R & D activity. The necessity of use the open innovation concept is the reason of following factors: dynamic environment and changes customers preferences or excessive costs associated with maintaining knowledge only and exclusively available to one entity in the market. Hence, the aim of this short paper is to assess the relationship between openness to innovation (open innovation) and the competitiveness among small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland on the basis of their own research. They are carried out in framework of the research project (OPUS) funded by NCN.

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Peripheral challenge by Small and Medium Sized Ports (SMPs) in Multi-Port Gateway Regions: the case study of northeast of China

Feng L., Notteboom T.

Polish Maritime Research

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2013

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S 1

55--66

EN

This paper focuses on the role of small and medium-sized ports (SMPs) in enhancing the competitiveness and logistics performance of multi-port gateway regions and associated inland logistics systems. The concepts developed will be applied to the ports in the northeast of China, a multi-port gateway region around the Bohai Sea Economic Rim (BER). Port competition is analyzed by multi-variable methodology and generalized common characteristics of SMPs compared to gateway ports, and the similarities of SMPs and SMEs are also compared. Later in this paper, we analyze the role of a SMP in such region in different variables: (a) cargo volume and market share; (b) international connectivity; (c) relative cluster position; (d) port city and hinterland connection; and (e) logistics and distribution function. The five-dimension analysis combined with in-depth cases study of typical Yingkou port describes a profile of SMPs in the BER and provides future study possibility for more SMPs cases worldwide.