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Climatic fluctuations reflected in slope and fluvial systems of Polish Carpathians and their foreland during Upper Quaternary

Starkel L.

Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica

2015

Vol. 49

55--69

On continents, besides lake and bogs, we observe non-continuous sedimentation where particular layers or whole members represent time intervals of various lengths separated by breaks of different origin. Both, fluvial and slope sediments or forms carry climatic signal. By analyzing sources of sediments, factors of transfer, duration of deposition we reconstruct climatic changes (mainly temperature, precipitations and circulation of water). We order the collected records after age and tracing longitudinal profiles of slopes and river valleys. The slopes and valley floors inform us about spatial differentiation of extreme climatic-hydrological events and on their reflection in degradation or aggradation. All this information sums up the records collected in various projects or commissions like IGCP-158 and GLOCOPH (Starkel ed. 1982–1996; Starkel et al. 2007), Climatostratigraphy of the Holocene of Polish territory (Starkel et al. 2013) as well INTIMATE (Starkel et al. 2015; Gębica et al. 2015). It may be concluded that fluctuations in temperature combined with expansion of permafrost were the leading factors in transformation of landscape of analyzed area of Southern Poland during last cold stage, which is in contrary to the Holocene, when variations in humidity especially in frequency of extreme events played a leading role. The continental records very well express the role of transitional phases.

Concept of landscape horizontal belts in the Polish Tatra Mountains

Niedźwiecki J.

Landform Analysis

2009

Vol. 10

102-107

The history of changes of geoecological belts in the mountains exerts influence on the structure and functioning of the landscape. In many mountain regions, a convergence of two basic altitudinal lines occurs: the contemporary upper timberline and the cold Pleistocene snow line. The Tatra Mts. are an example of such a situation. These lines constitute the border between the high-mountain landscape and the landscape of mid- and low mountains (according to the Polish classification). However, this convergence also marks out the horizontal border across the profile of the valley, which separates the part with completely established high mountain landform complex (with postglacial cirques)from the remaining part of the valley. The montane belt can be also divided into two parts characterized by different landscape structure, due to existence of the influence of catenal processes from the subsystem of high-mountain belt. On these bases, the author introduces the concept of landscape horizontal belts in the mountain landscape of the Polish Tatra Mts., dividing the latter into three functional belts: the typical high-mountain landscape, the transitional landscape, and the typical landscape of mid- and low mountains.