Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Analiza numeryczna zachowania się skarpy gruntowej w warunkach zadanych wymuszeń dynamicznych

Okroj Paweł, Hulimka Jacek

Przegląd Budowlany

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2024

|

R. 95, nr 1-2

44--49

PL

W artykule przedstawiono proponowaną metodę szacowania stateczności skarp gruntowych narażonych na oddziaływania dynamiczne w efekcie prowadzonych w pobliżu prac. Omówiono założenia metody oraz sposób weryfikacji uzyskanych wyników metodą porównania efektów analizy MES z wynikami bezpośrednich pomiarów drgań wierzchniej płaszczyzny gruntu w pobliżu frontu prac. Proponowaną metodę zilustrowano wynikami przykładowych analiz dla dwóch różnych gruntów budujących skarpę.

EN

The paper presents a proposed method for estimating the stability of ground slopes subjected to dynamic inputs as a result of work carried out nearby. The assumptions of the method and the verification procedure of the obtained results by comparison of the effects of FEM analysis with the results of direct measurements of vibrations of the topsoil plane in the vicinity of the work front are discussed. The proposed method is illustrated with the results of exemplary analyses for two different soils forming the slope.

2

Laser Ultrasonic Technique for Simultaneous Measurement of Thickness, Slope, and Wave Velocities for Slope Plate in the Thermoelastic Regime

Dung Nguyen Tien, Arai Yoshio

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 5

EN

This study introduces a reliable method for simultaneously determining the thickness, slope, and ultrasonic velocities of slope plates using laser ultrasonic techniques without any damage in the thermoelastic regime. The method involves solving a system of equations to determine the arrival times of multiple signals displayed on a waveform. Numerical simulations indicate that the velocity of the skimming longitudinal wave remains constant when the Rayleigh wave does not overlap with its signal. Consequently, a prediction model for aluminum alloy has been established, enabling the estimation of the constant ratio between the velocities of skimming longitudinal and bulk longitudinal waves based on the skimming longitudinal velocity obtained by scanning the generating laser along the material's surface. This ratio, approximately 0.950, facilitates the combination of the skimming longitudinal wave with the reflected and mode-converted waves from the specimen's back surface to deduce the desired parameters. The method successfully determined the thickness, slope, and wave velocities of several specimens with slopes ranging from 0% to 1.96% and a maximum thickness of about 10 mm. Evaluating the influence of the size of the disk ultrasound source produced by the unfocused laser beam, we found that the radius of the disk source should be considered when calculating the arrival time of the skimming longitudinal wave. The root mean square deviation in measuring thickness, slope, longitudinal wave velocity, and shear wave velocity were approximately 0.100 mm, 0.10 %, 70 m/s, and 20 m/s, respectively. An assessment of the measured results, based on the root mean square deviation and uncertainty across all specimens, demonstrates the practical feasibility of the proposed method.

3

A systematic review of clay shale research development for slope construction

Fitri Siti N., Surjandari Niken S., As’ad Solihin

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2023

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Vol. 32, No. 4

357--375

EN

The issue of stability controlling cutting slopes is particularly important in clay-shale slopes, a typical expanding sedimentary layer with poor engineering geological conditions and mechanical characteristics. Therefore, research on the causes of failure and remedies for clay-shale cutting slopes is required to serve as an overview for handling and preserving clay-shale slopes in identical conditions. However, the trusted information about the need for further related clay shale research and clay shale in slope stability has yet to be specifically presented. This review study summarizes the published research for clay shale beginning in 1980, presents a bibliometric analysis to examine the published research based on year and country, and provides various study trends in cluster diagram using the VOSviewer program. The analysis also summarized some key goals, effective methodology, and significant findings from the most recent studies to extract information from them that would benefit future research. In conclusion, the results show the need for developing research to fill the knowledge gap regarding clay shale, landslide, and clay mineralogy. In addition, the clay shale slope analysis has revealed the need for additional research into dynamic force and its deformation.

4

The landslide in the slope and side of the Warta River valley in the village of Wronki - process analysis, exploratory research, preventive measures, monitoring

Flieger-Szymańska Michalina, Sobkowiak Jerzy, Machowiak Katarzyna, Krawczyk Dorota Anna

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 3

285--300

EN

The landslide is located in Wronki. It covers the southern side on the bank of the Warta River and occupy an area of 500 m in length. The landslide was once again activated on August 22-23, 2018, causing numerous failures. The Warta River slope in the area of mass movements is built by non-construction embankments, under which the Poznań Miocene-Pliocene of quasi-layered structure lie. There are horizontal interlayers of sandy silts in these clays. The Warta drains water from a large area, and the runoff takes place mainly on the roof of clays. The slide surface of the landslide was precisely the roof of the Poznań clays. Bearing in mind the properties of the Poznań clays, such as relaxation, block disintegration, expansiveness features, the following were considered the direct causes of the failure: heavy rainfall that occurred after a drought, loading of the slope with indiscriminate cubature buildings, construction of a linear sewage system and periodically repeated vibrations caused by the implementation of neighboring investments. In order to identify the area, test boreholes were made, samples were taken for laboratory tests, and geodetic measurements were taken. Based on the obtained results, slope stability calculations were made and a measurement network was developed for systematic monitoring of geodetic displacements of control points. It was recommended to perform drainage to drain the slope and side of the Warta River, plant bushes, and make changes to the land development plan in order to prohibit further development of the area in the endangered zone.

PL

Opisywane osuwisko znajduje się w miejscowości Wronki, powiecie szamotulskim, województwie wielkopolskim. Obejmuje ono zbocze południowe, po lewej stronie rzeki Warty i zajmuje teren o rozciągłości ok. 500 m. Osuwisko po raz kolejny uaktywniło się w dniach 22-23 sierpnia 2018 r. powodując liczne awarie i zniszczenia. Skarpę Warty w obszarze występujących ruchów masowych budują nasypy niekontrolowane (o zróżnicowanym składzie), pod którymi zalegają mioceńsko-plioceńskie iły serii poznańskiej o quasi-warstwowej budowie - w iłach występują horyzontalne wkładki pyłów piaszczystych. Rzeka Warta drenuje wody z dużego obszaru, a spływ wód odbywa się głównie po stropie iłów. Strefę poślizgu stanowił właśnie strop iłów serii poznańskiej. Mając na uwadze właściwości iłów serii poznańskiej takie jak odprężenie (powstanie powierzchni zlustrzeń), dezintegracja blokowa, cechy ekspansywności (pęcznienie i skurcz), za bezpośrednią przyczynę awarii uznano: obfite opady, które wystąpiły po długotrwałej suszy, wieloletnie dociążanie skarpy nieprzemyślaną zabudową kubaturową, budowę liniowej instalacji kanalizacyjnej w obrębie skarpy oraz okresowo powtarzające się drgania spowodowane realizacją sąsiednich inwestycji (m.in. wbijanie pali czy mikrowybuchy). W celu rozpoznania terenu wykonano liczne otwory badawcze, pobrano próbki do badań laboratoryjnych, wykonano pomiary geodezyjne. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników, dokonano obliczeń stateczności skarpy i opracowano sieć pomiarową do systematycznego monitoringu przemieszczeń geodezyjnych punków kontrolnych. Zalecono wykonanie drenażu w celu odwodnienia skarpy i zbocza Warty, posadzenie krzewów, dokonanie zmian w planie zagospodarowania przestrzennego w celu wprowadzenia zakazu dalszej zabudowy terenu w strefie zagrożonej.

5

An early warning method for a slope based on the increment ratio of anchor cable internal force

Feng Jincai, Chen Jiaxin, Li Jian, Zhang Yu, Guo Jianhua, Qiu Hongyong

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 69, nr 1

553--569

EN

Prestressed anchor cables are active reinforcement to improve slope stability. However, the anchoring is not a permanent guarantee of stability, and the slope retains a potential risk of instability. From the perspective of the internal force of anchor cables, a new early warning method for the safety of the slope is provided, and a slope analysis model is established. With the increase in the strength reduction factor, the internal force increment curves of anchor cables under different prestresses are obtained. The point corresponding to strength reduction factors λ1 and λ2 represents a warning point. Key conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The internal force of an anchor cable can be used to judge the stability of the slope strengthened by a prestressed anchor cable. (2) A warning index based on the internal force increment ratio of anchor cables is established. (3) The internal force increment ratio of anchor cables eliminates the influence of the initial prestress and is convenient for engineering applications.

6

Effect of slope in an immersive virtual environment on segmental asymmetry in people with femoral amputation and a microprocessor knee

Pantera Eric, Denys Victor, Pradon Didier

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2023

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Vol. 25, no. 3

EN

The continued development of microprocessor-based knee prostheses has improved the independence of people with a femoral amputation in many environments. This study aimed to describe the effect of slopes on kinematic joint variables and segmental asymmetry.

7

Improving the plane‑wave destruction method by parameterizing the local slope for VSP wavefield separation

Guo Yinling, Peng Suping, Du Wenfeng, Li Dong, Li Chuangjian

Acta Geophysica

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2023

|

Vol. 71, no. 4

1659--1673

EN

High-precision seismic exploration has attracted a great deal of attention. Vertical seismic profiles have the advantages of high exploration accuracy and ideal imaging effects, making them an effective tool for mine exploration. The separation of upgoing and downgoing waves is a vital step in vertical seismic profile processing. However, wavefield separation processing in the frequency–wavenumber domain often leads to aliasing in the time–distance domain. In addition, it is likely to result in incomplete wavefield separation in the sparse domain because of inaccurate threshold selection. As an effective time–distance domain wavefield separation method, the plane-wave destruction method can effectively avoid these problems. However, the traditional local slope estimation in plane-wave destruction is data-driven, making it difficult to distinguish linear upgoing and downgoing waves. Therefore, the velocity-based local slope parameterization method is proposed to construct a plane-wave destruction filter that can be used to separate the vertical seismic profile wavefield. Synthetic and field data show that the proposed separating strategy has higher separation accuracy than traditional methods when separating the upgoing and downgoing waves of vertical seismic profile data.

8

Jak inteligentny system monitorowania skarp i nasypów InfraGuardTM zwiększa bezpieczeństwo w zagadnieniach kolejowych

Berger Peter, Dąbrowski Michał

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2022

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R. 77, nr 4/5

39--44

PL

Typowym rozwiązaniem dla budowy ciągów komunikacyjnych na całym świecie jest ekonomiczne wpasowywanie ich przebiegu do naturalnego ukształtowania terenu. Stąd też typowym jest budowa drogowej i kolejowej na nasypach lub we wcięciach. Zmiany klimatyczne w ostatnim czasie wywołują skrajne warunki i wydarzenia pogodowe, które w znacznym stopniu mają wpływ na stabilność skarp. Zaburzenia takie mogą się objawiać stopniowym osiadaniem o charakterze długoterminowym, lub nagłymi, nieprzewidzianymi osunięciami i zawałami oraz stanowić poważne zagrożenie dla życia ludzkiego.

EN

A typical solution for the construction of ransportation infrastructure around the world is the economic adjustment of their course to the natural terrain. Hence, road and railway construction on embankments or in indentations is typical. Recent climate change is triggering extreme conditions and weather events that have a significant impact on the stability of slopes. Such disturbances may manifest themselves in gradual long-term subsidence, or in sudden, unforeseen landslides and collapses, and constitute a serious threat to human life.

9

Ceglany mur oporowy kontra żelbetowy zabezpieczający skarpę przed osuwaniem

Grochowska Elżbieta, Kucharczyk Anna

Przegląd Budowlany

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2022

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R. 93, nr 1-2

36--41

PL

W artykule opisano stan techniczny ceglanego muru oporowego wybudowanego w nieznanym okresie na ziemiach zachodnich województwa lubuskiego w miejscowości Gubin. Podano sposób naprawy/zabezpieczenia skarpy przed osuwaniem nowo zaprojektowanym murem żelbetowym. Mur oporowy zaprojektowano przy wykorzystaniu oprogramowania komputerowego Autodesk Expert. Projekt został zrealizowany, zastosowano prefabrykowane elementy żelbetowe o zaprojektowanych parametrach.

EN

The article describes the technical condition of a brick retaining wall built in an unknown period in the western territories of the Lubuskie Voivodeship in the town of Gubin. Given is the method of repairing/securing the slope against landslides with a newly designed reinforced concrete wall. The retaining wall was designed using Autodesk Expert computer software. The project was completed, prefabricated reinforced concrete elements with designed parameters were used.

10

Analiza zazielenienia powierzchni skarp przy użyciu innowacyjnych biowłóknin jako jeden z aspektów zabezpieczenia przeciwerozyjnego

Grzybowska-Pietras Joanna, Juzwa Anna, Byrdy Natalia

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 12

115--118

PL

W artykule przedstawiono badania zabezpieczeń przeciwerozyjnych skarp za pomocą: biowłókniny z recyklingu tekstyliów; geowłókniny jutowej i geowłókniny wełnianej. Wraz z upływem czasu eksploatacji stwierdzono postępujący spadek masy powierzchniowej oraz obniżenie parametrów wytrzymałościowych geotekstyliów. Rodzaj zastosowanych geotekstyliów wpłynął na rozwój roślinności skarpowej. Trawa najlepiej rosła na podłożu zabezpieczonym geowłókniną wełnianą, która najszybciej ulega biodegradacji.

EN

The paper presents research on slope anti-erosion protection with application of geotextiles as follow: geo nonwovens, obtained from textile’s waste fibers, jute and sheep wool. The progressive decreases of the surface weight and strength parameters were found with the passing time. The type of applied geotextiles influenced to the slope vegetation growth. The grass grew the best on the slope protected by wool geo nonwoven that characterizes by the highest biodegrability.

11

Wpływ czasu użytkowania na właściwości włóknin Maliwatt stosowanych jako zabezpieczenie przeciwerozyjne skarp

Grzybowska-Pietras Joanna, Derbin Patrycja

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 2 (22)

30--38

EN

The additional artificial elements have been implemented into weak soil to improve and stabi-lize the structures. The most frequent example is use of geosynthetics materials that in-crease stability, improve bearing capacity of soil, protect against surface erosion, affect into properties connected with filtration and drainage. The basic methods to protect against ero-sion of slopes is selected planting of grass and vegetation that prevent surface destruction. The application of biodegradable geotextiles allows to increase the positive impact on local stability of slopes. Advanced geotextiles support the vegetation growth by protection against dewatering. The geotextiles with grass seeds, biomates and fabrics made of natural fibers are frequently used in these applications. The physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties of applied materials should correspond to the purpose of built structure and type of soil. The paper presents results of research of the Maliwatt type nonwovens. The analysis in-cludes: the influence of different type of Maliwatt nonwovens and time of their use on select-ed physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties of these materials. The research was done by use of biotextile stitched with the Maliwatt technique that is available on the Polish market. The geotextiles were obtained from waste synthetic and natural nonwovens (RKL) with grass seeds, and innovative non-woven fabrics stitched with polyamide yarn (Maliwatt) obtained from low-quality washed sheep wool. The impact of the type of non-woven fabric on the growth of grasses was also analyzed. Research included spreading of 2 types of nonwovens on a natural slope with natural soil cover for 5 months period. All tests were performed in ac-cordance with the applicable harmonized standards.

12

Experimental and finite element analysis of slope stability treated by lime milk (case of El Amir Abdelkader embankment)

Belabbaci Zeyneb, Berrabah Amina, Bouri Djamel Eddine

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 25, nr 1

77--83

EN

This paper presents an experimental stabilization approach of the landslide that threatens a slope located near the city of El Amir Abdelkader, Ain Temouchent, Algeria. Stabilization is assured by the addition of lime milk, and then a numerical validation of the results with respect to the safety coefficient before and after treatment was performer by “Plaxis” software. Experimental results show that the stabilization by lime milk improves compaction parameters, swelling and shear strength, particularly the cohesion and friction angle, the latter permitting appreciation of the sliding surface on which it is necessary to base the calculation of the safety coefficient before and after treatment. Numerical results indicate that the factor of safety increases with the improvement of the mechanical characteristics c and φ, which are improved by increasing lime milk percentage. The numerical validation using “Plaxis” finite element code gives results that are in perfect agreement with the experimental ones, indicating that this software is a good tool for slope stability study.

13

EUSS – computer model to evaluate emission uniformity for sloping surfaces under drip irrigation system

Abo Zied Wafaa, Hanafy Mohammed, Mostafa Ehab, Abo Habssa Ahmed

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

|

no. 48

1--10

EN

A computer model EUSS (Emission Uniformity on Sloping Surfaces) has been developed to design and evaluate the system capacity under operating conditions for drip irrigation system. And achieve the desired value of emission uniformity that is not significantly different according to the recommended values by applying it in field experiment located at Al-Slahia city, Egypt. The model has the ability to design the system by all of the common design techniques and have ability to customize any of them. EUSS model includes two main parts: crop water requirements, and hydraulic calculations of the system using metric unit system. It developed in graphical user interface of the programming language C-sharp (C#) by using Microsoft Visual Studio. The model database is containing the equations, tables and reference values to get more rapid and accurate results, and gives the opportunity for selecting some parameters such as: soil properties, characteristics of the corresponding crop, and climatic data. EUSS model allows the user to assume or set definite values, for example plot layout, land slopes and topography, the emitter characteristics and operating conditions.

14

Analysis of Riverbank Stability Due to Bamboo Vegetation in Walanae River, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Pertiwi Nurlita, Rauf Bakhrani Abdul, Lullulangi Mithen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 9

176--184

EN

Bamboo vegetation is an endemic plant in Indonesia that grows on riverbanks. These plants have the potential to increase shear resistance due to the bond between the roots to the soil. However, an increase in plant weight due to its growth causes additional loads of soil. The condition triggers the release of soil on the slopes and causes riverbank sliding. Therefore, in developing the riparian ecological function, it is necessary to maintain the plants without neglecting the risk of physical damage to the river. This study aimed to estimate the risk of riverbank sliding due to the presence of bamboo plants by utilizing the bamboo vegetation conditions on the Walanae River. It was carried out on the 42.4 km riverbank in the middle area of Walanae watershed. The researchers selected 46 clumps of parring bamboo (Gigantochloa atter) as an endemic bamboo in this area and growing in the riverbank. The diameter of the bamboo trunk is the basis for an estimate of the weight of the bamboo clump. Furthermore, a numerical analysis was carried out by taking into account the load and shear resistance on the slope, including the weight of the plant. The research results indicated that bamboo is feasible to be applied for riverbank protection using the soil bioengineering method. The bamboo weight, which is indicated by the number of poles and diameter, significantly affects the stability of the slope. Therefore, the prevention of rising weight by harvesting method is critical to consider in riverbank protection.

15

Analiza wpływu skarp na wychylenie budynków na terenie górniczym z zastosowaniem bezzałogowych statków powietrznych

Wróblewska Magdalena

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2021

|

R. 77, nr 9-10

463--466

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki obserwacji budynków wychylonych na wybranym terenie górniczym charakteryzującym się intensywnie prowadzoną eksploatacją górniczą. W analizie uwzględniono wpływ skarp w pobliżu posadowienia obiektów mogących przyczynić się do powstania dodatkowych deformacji terenu i tym samym wpłynąć na rozbieżności między obserwowanym wychyleniem budynku a obliczoną zmianą nachylenia terenu. W celu określenia geometrycznych miar opisujących skarpy posłużono się nowoczesną metodą pomiarową w postaci nalotu bezzałogowym statkiem powietrznym. Poprawne przewidywanie zmian wychylenia budynków jest kluczowe z uwagi na podejmowanie decyzji o postępowaniu z wychylonymi budynkami.

XX

The article presents the results of the observations carried out in relation to buildings deflection in a selected mining area characterized by intensive mining operations. The analysis takes into account the influence of slopes near the foundation of objects that may contribute to the formation of additional terrain deformations and thus affect the discrepancy between the observed deflection of the building and the calculated change in the slope of the terrain. In order to determine the geometric measures describing the slopes, a modern measurement method was used in the form of an unmanned aerial vehicle raid. Correctly predicting changes in the deflection of buildings is crucial in making decisions about the handling of deflected buildings.

16

Mechanika elastycznych wypełnień dylatacji w okładzinach betonowych skarp kanałów i nasypów hydrotechnicznych

Kledyński Zbigniew, Krysiak Łukasz

Gospodarka Wodna

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2021

|

Nr 2

25--31

PL

W referacie przedstawiono rozważania teoretyczne dotyczące mechanicznej pracy elastycznych materiałów wypełniających przerwy dylatacyjne, na przykładzie spoin między płytami betonowymi na skarpie budowli hydrotechnicznej. Wśród czynników wpływających na wartości odkształceń wypełnień uwzględniono roczne wahania temperatury budowli, jej wartość w momencie aplikacji wypełnienia, szerokość uszczelnianej przerwy dylatacyjnej oraz rozmiary oddzielonych sekcji. Wyróżniono dwa sposoby zniszczenia wypełnienia - przez utratę kohezji wewnątrz materiału lub przyczepności do ściany dylatacji. Występowanie danego wariantu powiązano z właściwościami materiału wypełnienia oraz geometrią spoiny. Przedstawiona analiza może dostarczać wskazówek do odpowiedniego projektowania oraz wykonawstwa dylatacji, łącznie z doborem materiału do ich wypełnienia.

EN

The paper presents a brief theoretical analysis of the mechanics of elastic sealants inside expansion joints, presented on the example of gaps between concrete face slab sections covering a slope of a water engineering structure. The analysed factors influencing the strain of such material are the yearly variation of structure’s temperature, its value during the application of sealant, the width of the joint as well as the size of separated sections. Two modes of destruction of the sealant are discussed - by loss of cohesion in the material or loss of adhesion to the sides of the joint. The occurrence of a given mode is related to the properties of the sealant material and the geometry of the joint. The analysis presented in the paper might assist in proper design and execution of expansion joints, as well as selection of an appropriate sealant material.

17

The impact of vectorization and parallelization of the slope algorithm on performance and energy efficiency on multi-core architecture

Bylina Beata, Potiopa Joanna, Klisowski Michał, Bylina Jarosław

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

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Vol. 25

283--290

EN

Calculation of land-surface parameters (e.g. slope, aspect, curvature) is an important part of many geospatial analyses. Current research trends are aimed at developing new software techniques to achieve the best performance and energy trade-off. In our work, we concentrate on the vectorization and parallelization to improve overall energy efficiency and performance of the neighborhood raster algorithms for the computation of land-surface parameters. We chose the slope calculation algorithm as the basis for our investigation. The parallelization was achieved through redesigning the the original sequential code with OpenMP SIMD vectorization hints for compiler, OpenMP loop parallelization, and the hybrid of these techniques. To evaluate both performance and energy savings, we tested our vector-parallel implementations on a multi-core computer for various data sizes. RAPL interface was used to measure energy consumption. The results showed that optimization towards high performance can also be an effective strategy for improving energy efficiency.

18

Hydroizolacja fundamentów budynku posadowionego na skarpie. Cz. I – Posadowienie na ławach schodkowych

Rokiel Marcin

Inżynier Budownictwa

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2020

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nr 2

43--46

PL

Izolacja fundamentów budynku posadowionego na skarpie (ławy schodkowe lub budynek „wkopany” w skarpę) wymaga starannego zaprojektowania układu powłok wodochronnych (przede wszystkim dobór odpowiedniego materiału hydroizolacyjnego) jak i wysokiej kultury wykonawczej. Tekst omawia najważniejsze problemy związane z uszczelnieniem fundamentów takiego budynku wykonanych zarówno w postaci ław schodkowych jak i w postaci poziomej płyty lub ław oraz podaje przykładowe detale tzw. trudnych i krytycznych miejsc.

EN

Insulating the foundations of a building set on a slope (stepped strip foundations or a building "dug" in the slope) requires careful design of waterproofing membranes (particularly the selection of appropriate waterproofing material) as well as high performance culture. The text discusses the most important problems related to sealing the foundations of such a building constructed in the form of both stepped strip foundations and horizontal slabs or footings. It also provides examples of details, the so-called difficult and critical sections.

19

Hydroizloacja budynku posadowionego na skarpie. Cz. II – posadowienie na płycie fundamentowej lub ławach

Rokiel Maciej

Inżynier Budownictwa

|

2020

|

nr 3

48--50

PL

Izolacja fundamentów budynku posadowionego na skarpie (ławy schodkowe lub budynek „wkopany” w skarpę) wymaga starannego zaprojektowania układu powłok wodochronnych (przede wszystkim dobór odpowiedniego materiału hydroizolacyjnego) jak i wysokiej kultury wykonawczej. Tekst omawia najważniejsze problemy związane z uszczelnieniem fundamentów takiego budynku wykonanych zarówno w postaci ław schodkowych jak i w postaci poziomej płyty lub ław oraz podaje przykładowe detale tzw. trudnych i krytycznych miejsc.

EN

Insulating the foundations of a building set on a slope (stepped strip foundations or a building "dug" in the slope) requires careful design of waterproofing membranes (particularly the selection of appropriate waterproofing material) as well as high performance culture. The text discusses the most important problems related to sealing the foundations of such a building constructed in the form of both stepped strip foundations and horizontal slabs or footings. It also provides examples of details, the so-called difficult and critical sections.

20

Pomiar rezystancji uziemień rozległych metodą nachylenia zbocza

Domański Roman

Elektro Info

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2020

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nr 9

89--91

PL

W artykule przedstawiona zostanie metoda nachylenia zbocza. Stanowi ona punkt wyjścia do wyprowadzenia powyższego wzoru. Umożliwia badania rozległych uziemień i ocenę poprawności otrzymanych wyników. Różnica polega na przeprowadzeniu trzech pomiarów w celu ustalenia pozycji elektrody napięciowej i fizycznego przeprowadzenia właściwego pomiaru, a nie tylko ograniczania się do wyliczenia jej wartości ze wzoru.