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Effect of sleepiness in the voice on speaker recognition performance

Staroniewicz Piotr

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2021

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Vol. 32, nr 2

art. no. 2021214

EN

The issue of the influence of speaker state on voice recognition has been analysed mainly in relation to forensics and biometric security systems. Sleepiness in the voice is a rather under-researched problem, and the few works in this area focus almost exclusively on the recognition of sleepiness rather than on its influence on the change of the speaker's voice characteristics. This paper discusses the issue of the influence of the speaker's state on voice recognition, describes the acquisition method of the acoustic database of voice drowsiness recordings used in the tests. It also discusses the subjective sleepiness scales used in the study and presents the results of the influence of sleepiness on the effectiveness of automatic speaker recognition based on a classical system using the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients parameterisation and the Gaussian Mixture Models classification.

2

Fatigue and sleepiness during long-duration driving: a preliminary study among indonesian commercial drivers

Iridiastadi Hardianto, Abdurrahman Ibrahim, Puspasari Maya, Soetisna Herman Rahadian

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 2

17--24

EN

Fatigue and sleepiness are two major factors that have been reported to contribute to road crash and accidents in Indonesia. Fatigue among commercial drivers is probably a common phenomenon, particularly during long-duration driving. This study aimed at characterizing fatigue and sleepiness during long-duration driving. Nine commercial drivers were recruited in this field study and were requested to drive a multipurpose vehicle for three trips back and forth between two major cities. Each trip was completed within 4 hours, with about 3 to 3.5 hours of continuous driving (and 0.5 to 1 hour of rest). Fatigue was assessed by utilizing the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), which was administered for 5 minutes immediately following the completion of each trip. A video camera was employed to capture blink frequency, and for each trip, this measure was determined during 5 minutes after two hours of driving. Subjective ratings were also collected during the task and included the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). The results of this study demonstrated a consistent increase in the blink rate and subjective measures of fatigue. A significant association was also found between the blink rate and SOFI measures, indicating an association between those objective and subjective measures. Although not statistically significant, there were also changes in PVT parameters associated with driving duration. However, no significant association was found between PVT parameters and the subjective measures. This study found that a minimum of six hours of intermittent driving was adequate in inducing fatigue and sleepiness, despite the seemingly sufficient amount of rest break. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that long-duration driving be limited to a maximum of 12 hours, and that a minimum of 30 minutes of rest be provided after 3 to 4 hours of driving. This finding should be used as a basis for scheduling drivers and for finding the appropriate intervention strategy for mitigating fatigue and sleepiness risks during prolonged driving tasks.

3

Detection of driver sleepiness and warning the driver in real-time using image processing and machine learning techniques

Umut I., Aki O., Uçar E., Öztürk L.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 11, no 2

95--102

EN

The aim of this study is to design and implement a system that detect driver sleepiness and warn driver in real-time using image processing and machine learning techniques.Viola-Jones detector was used for segmenting face and eye images from the camera-acquired driver video. Left and right eye images were combined into a single image. Thus, an image was obtained in minimum dimensions containing both eyes. Features of these images were extracted by using Gabor filters. These features were used to classifying images for open and closed eyes. Five machine learning algorithms were evaluated with four volunteer’s eye image data set obtained from driving simulator. Nearest neighbor IBk algorithm has highest accuracy by 94.76% while J48 decision tree algorithm has fastest classification speed with 91.98% accuracy. J48 decision tree algorithm was recommended for real time running. PERCLOS the ratio of number of closed eyes in one minute period and CLOSDUR the duration of closed eyes were calculated. The driver is warned with the first level alarm when the PERCLOS value is 0.15 or above, and with second level alarm when it is 0.3 or above. In addition, when it is detected that the eyes remain closed for two seconds, the driver is also warned by the second level alarm regardless of the PERCLOS value. Designed and developed real-time application can able to detect driver sleepiness with 24 FPS image processing speed and 90% real time classification accuracy. Driver sleepiness were able to detect and driver was warned successfully in real time when sleepiness level of driver is achieved the defined threshold values.

4

Relationship between circadian rhythm amplitude and stability with sleep quality and sleepiness among shift nurses and health care workers

Roodbandi A. J., Choobineh A., Daneshvar S.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2015

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Vol. 21, No. 3

312--317

EN

Introduction: Sleep is affected by the circadian cycle and its features. Amplitude and stability of circadian rhythm are important parameters of the circadian cycle. This study aims to examine the relationship between amplitude and stability of circadian rhythm with sleep quality and sleepiness. Method: In this cross-sectional research, 315 shift nurses and health care workers from educational hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Iran, were selected using a random sampling method. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Circadian Type Inventory (CTI) were used to collect the required data. Results: In this study, 83.2% suffered from poor sleep and one-half had moderate and excessive sleepiness. The results showed that flexibility in circadian rhythm stability, job stress and sleepiness are among the factors affecting quality sleep in shift workers. Discussion: Those whose circadian rhythm amplitude was languid suffered more from sleepiness and those whose circadian stability was flexible had a better sleep. Variables including circadian rhythm stability (flexible/rigid) and amplitude (languid/vigorous) can act as predictive indices in order to employ people in a shift work system so that sleepiness and a drop in quality of sleep are prevented.

5

Wpływ charakterystyki widmowej światła sztucznego na aktywność dobową i poziom senności pracowników zmianowych

Zużewicz K., Wolska A.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2014

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nr 12

18-22

PL

Światło uczestniczy nie tylko w procesie widzenia, ale także w regulacji wydzielania hormonów snu. termoregulacji, a także wpływa na poziom czujności i funkcje poznawcze Poza tymi skutkami oddziaływania światła na organizm człowieka, istnieje również pewne zagrożenie uszkodzenia fotochemicznego siatkówki oczu. Zwłaszcza światłem z zakresu niebieskiego, które równie; najsilniej oddziałuje na wydzielanie melatoniny Oświetlenie sztuczne o różnej charakterystyce widmowej może w odmienny sposób wpływać psyche fizjologię oraz zdrowie człowieka Prowadzone są, badania mające na celu opracowanie takich rozwiązań oświetlenia pomieszczeń pracy, które sprzyjałyby utrzymaniu odpowiedniego poziomu czujności i zapobiegałyby senności pracownika zwłaszcza w nocy czy w pomieszczeniach bez dostępu światła naturalnego Dotychczas powszechnie stosowano oświetlenie o szerokim widmie światła białego W nowych urządzeniach oświetleniowych próbuje się wprowadzać większy udział światła z zakresu barwy niebieskiej i zielonej, czyli o długościach stymulujących szlak siatkówkowe pod wzgórze wy ludzi Praktycznie chodzi o ustalenie takiego rozkładu widmowego światła, z istotnym udziałem światła niebieskiego, które sprzyjając wykonywaniu pracy na wysokim poziomie czujności, nie miałaby negatywnego wpływu na zdrowie.

EN

Light is not only part of the vision process but it also controls the secretion of sleep and thermoregulation hormones It also influences the level of vigilance and cognitive performance In addition to that impact of light on the human body, (here is also some risk of photochemical damage of the retina, especially by blue light, which has the strongest influence on melatonin secretion. Artificial lighting of different spectral distribution characteristics can affect human psychophysiology and health. Current research aims at developing such lighting solutions for work room lighting that would allow workers to maintain an appropriate level of vigilance and, therefore, prevent sleepiness, especially at night or in places devoid of natural light So far, white light with a broad spectrum was most common. However, the latest trend is to use blue and green light with bands simulating retino-hypothalamic tracts. In practice, the point is to establish such a spectral distribution of light, with significant contribution of blue light, which would to allow workers to work with high vigilance and, at the same time, would not to have a negative impact on their health.