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Optimum transportation of relief materials aftermath the disaster

Nautiyal A., Kumar A., Poddar A., Parajuli N.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 109, nr 1

26--41

EN

Purpose: Natural disasters disrupt not only the lives of individuals but also the functioning of society. Given the unpredictability of disasters and the uncertainty associated with them, preparation is the best way to mitigate and reduce the effects of the disaster. Design/methodology/approach: The study presents a mathematical model in the form of a multi-objective linear programming problem for the relief distribution from the airports which minimizes the total operational cost as well as travel time. Further, the solution approach and analytical results have also been discussed. Findings: The main aims at the preparedness stage are to identify and build infrastructures that might function as useful operation centres during a disaster. The study also provides decisions that include the type and number of vehicles for each affected location. Research limitations/implications: Airports can function as centres for relief collection and distribution. However, relief operations carried out through airports are often subject to problems such as stockpiling. Further, various modes are available for the transport of relief supplies- air, water, and land transport modes primarily. While aircraft and helicopters are faster, their costs of operation are too high. Instead, trucks are economical but very slow as compared to aircraft. Practical implications: The choice of model depends on many factors including the availability of vehicles, availability of routes, and criticality of situations. The choices made in turn affect the costs and the time of operations. Originality/value: The model converts a disaster scenario into a demand-supply problem with the aim being to decide allocations at specified intervals of time.

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Katastrofa w Bejrucie a zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa publicznego w Polsce wynikające z produkcji i stosowania azotanu(V) amonu

Biskupski Andrzej, Borowik Mieczysław

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 9

1265--1268

3

Seismic performance evaluation of a proposed buckling-restrained brace for RC-MRFS

Ebanesar Arunraj, Cruze Daniel, Noroozinejad Farsangi Ehsan, Seenivasan Vinscent Sam Jebadurai, Mohammad Adil Dar, Abdul Rashid Dar, Gladston Hemalatha

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2019

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Vol. 29, no. 3

164--173

EN

This paper presents a novel buckling-restrained brace (BRB) where the inner core is restrained by a concrete infilled Expanded Polystyrene Sheet (EPS) instead of the conventional concrete infilled tube section, to resist inner core buckling. It serves two purposes, firstly, the EPS is a ductile material, which is favourable in terms of seismic performance and, secondly, the outer construction material has better corrosion resistance. Thus, the life of the steel core can be prolonged. In this study, 6 BRB specimens were prepared, of which 3 BRB specimens were infilled with concrete and the remaining 3 BRB specimens with concrete and EPSs, in order to study their performance under cyclic loading. Three different core heights, all with the same core thickness, were adopted. The test results indicate that the load-carrying capacity of this novel BRB is higher than the conventional BRB. Further, the length of the steel tube also affects the strength of the seismic disaster mitigation system. Lastly, a numerical study on a single bay RC frame, with and without BRB subjected to time history analysis, was conducted to check the global performance of this novel system. It was found that the structural responses had substantially decreased.

4

Rozprzestrzenianie się w podtorzu skutków katastrof kolejowych z udziałem materiałów niebezpiecznych

Mieloszyk E., Grulkowski S., Milewska A.

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2018

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R. 73, nr 10

9--13

PL

Duża część przewozów materiałów niebezpiecznych prowadzona jest koleją. W związku z tym bezpieczeństwo tych przewozów nabiera coraz większego znaczenia. Każda katastrofa z udziałem materiałów niebezpiecznych ma negatywny wpływ na uczestników tego zdarzenia oraz na otaczające środowisko, bowiem jej zasięg na ogół nie jest lokalny. Z tego wynika, że w przypadku zaistnienia katastrofy należy minimalizować jej skutki oraz w dalszych działaniach uwzględnić remediację. Ten cały proces minimalizacji jest możliwy tylko wtedy, gdy poznamy mechanizm rozprzestrzeniania się skutków katastrofy z udziałem materiałów niebezpiecznych w torowisku, podtorzu i podłożu gruntowym. Należy pamiętać, że w skrajnym przypadku katastrofa z udziałem materiałów niebezpiecznych może nawet prowadzić do powstania katastrofy ekologicznej. Do opisu mechanizmu rozprzestrzeniania się katastrofy można wykorzystać układy dynamiczne, szczególnie o parametrach rozłożonych. Właściwości zjawisk towarzyszących analizowanym katastrofom dobrze oddają ich modele matematyczne liniowe lub nieliniowe analizowane z wykorzystaniem różnych metod operatorowych.

EN

A large part of the transport of hazardous materials is carried out by rail. Therefore, the security of these transports is becoming increasingly important. Every catastrophe involving dangerous materials has a negative impact on the participants of the incident and the surrounding environment, because its range is generally not local. It follows that in the event of a catastrophe, its effects should be minimized and remediation should be considered in furtheractions.This whole process of minimization is possible only when we know the mechanism of spreading the effects of a catastrophe involving hazardous materials in the track, subgrade and ground. It should be remembered that in an extreme case, a catastrophe involving hazardous materials may even lead to an ecological disaster. Dynamic systems, especially those with distributed parameters, can be used to describe the mechanism of the disaster's spread. Properties of phenomena accompanying the analyzed catastrophes are well reflected in their linear or non-linear mathematical models analyzed using various operator methods.